Abimael Guzmán: Difference between revisions

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|goals = Overthrow the Peruvian government (failed)

|crimes = Human rights violations [[War crimes]] [[Terrorism]] Treason [[Torture]] Mass [[murder]] [[Genocide]] Rape

|type of villain = Anarchist / Terrorist

|type of villain = Anarchist Terrorist leader

}}

{{quote|The People’s War begins to sweep away the old order in order to inevitably destroy it. From the old, the new shall be born. And finally, like the pure and glorious phoenix bird, Communism will arise for all time.|Abimael Guzmán, ''We Are the Initiators'', 1980}}

'''Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reinoso '''(~~born~~ 3 December 1934 - 11 September 2021), also known as "Comrade Gonzalo", was a Peruvian former professor of philosophy, founder, and leader of [[Shining Path]], a terrorist group with a Maoist ideology.

'''Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reinoso '''(3 December 1934 - 11 September 2021), also known as "Comrade Gonzalo", was a Peruvian former professor of philosophy, founder, and leader of [[Shining Path]], a terrorist group with a Maoist ideology.

He was mainly active during the last decade of the [[Cold War]], from 1980 (year of the founding of Shining Path) until his capture in 1992 by the Peruvian government. He is accused of being the main cause of Internal conflict in Peru (1980-2000), and violating human rights. Abimael is sentenced for life and incarcerated at the Callao naval base.

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The Shining Path movement was at first largely confined to academic circles in Peruvian universities. In the late 1970s, however, the movement developed into a guerrilla group centered around Ayacucho. In May 1980, the group launched its war against the government of Peru by burning the ballot boxes in Chuschi, a village near Ayacucho, in an effort to disrupt the first democratic elections in the country since 1964. Shining Path eventually grew to control vast rural territories in central and southern Peru and achieved a presence even in the outskirts of Lima, where it staged numerous attacks.

The purpose of Shining Path's campaign was to demoralize and undermine the government of Peru in order to create a situation conducive to a violent coup which would put its leaders in power. The Shining Path targeted not only the army and police, but also government employees at all levels, other leftist militants such as members of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement ([[MRTA]]), workers who did not participate in the strikes organized by the group, peasants who cooperated with the government in any way (including by voting in democratic elections), and ordinary middle-class inhabitants of Peru's main cities. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission later estimated that the resulting conflict led to the deaths of some seventy thousand people, approximately half of them at the hands of the Shining Path and a third at the hands of the state.

The purpose of Shining Path's campaign was to demoralize and undermine the government of Peru in order to create a situation conducive to a violent coup to overthrow the government which would put its leaders in power. The Shining Path targeted not only the army and police, but also government employees at all levels, other leftist militants such as members of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement ([[MRTA]]), workers who did not participate in the strikes organized by the group, peasants who cooperated with the government in any way (including by voting in democratic elections), and ordinary middle-class inhabitants of Peru's main cities. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission later estimated that the resulting conflict led to the deaths of some seventy thousand people, approximately half of them at the hands of the Shining Path and a third at the hands of the state.

Initially Guzmán attempted to win over the support of citizens by punishing people they viewed as corrupt government officials and other unpopular leaders. However, Shining Path's increasingly brutal methods together with strictly imposed curfews, the prohibition of alcohol and an overall sense of insecurity and fear led to an increased popular reaction against the communist party. Eventually Guzmán's plan backfired as rural militia or "rondas" rallied support for the military against Shining Path. The very peasants Guzmán claimed to defend had turned against the Shining Path. This resulted in a cyclical state of violence in which Maoist guerillas embarked in ruthless punitive expeditions against Peruvian civilians living in the Andean region. In 1983, 69 people (including women and children) from the highland town of Lucanamarca were tortured and murdered by the Shining Path in what became known as the Lucanamarca massacre.

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 |goals = Overthrow the Peruvian government (failed)
 |crimes = Human rights violations<br>[[War crimes]]<br>[[Terrorism]]<br>Treason<br>[[Torture]]<br>Mass [[murder]]<br>[[Genocide]]<br>Rape
-|type of villain = Anarchist / Terrorist
+|type of villain = Anarchist Terrorist leader
 }}
 {{quote|The People’s War begins to sweep away the old order in order to inevitably destroy it. From the old, the new shall be born. And finally, like the pure and glorious phoenix bird, Communism will arise for all time.|Abimael Guzmán, ''We Are the Initiators'', 1980}}
-'''Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reinoso '''(born 3 December 1934 - 11 September 2021), also known as "Comrade Gonzalo", was a Peruvian former professor of philosophy, founder, and leader of [[Shining Path]], a terrorist group with a Maoist ideology.
+'''Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reinoso '''(3 December 1934 - 11 September 2021), also known as "Comrade Gonzalo", was a Peruvian former professor of philosophy, founder, and leader of [[Shining Path]], a terrorist group with a Maoist ideology.
 He was mainly active during the last decade of the [[Cold War]], from 1980 (year of the founding of Shining Path) until his capture in 1992 by the Peruvian government. He is accused of being the main cause of Internal conflict in Peru (1980-2000), and violating human rights. Abimael is sentenced for life and incarcerated at the Callao naval base.
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 The Shining Path movement was at first largely confined to academic circles in Peruvian universities. In the late 1970s, however, the movement developed into a guerrilla group centered around Ayacucho. In May 1980, the group launched its war against the government of Peru by burning the ballot boxes in Chuschi, a village near Ayacucho, in an effort to disrupt the first democratic elections in the country since 1964. Shining Path eventually grew to control vast rural territories in central and southern Peru and achieved a presence even in the outskirts of Lima, where it staged numerous attacks.
-The purpose of Shining Path's campaign was to demoralize and undermine the government of Peru in order to create a situation conducive to a violent coup which would put its leaders in power. The Shining Path targeted not only the army and police, but also government employees at all levels, other leftist militants such as members of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement ([[MRTA]]), workers who did not participate in the strikes organized by the group, peasants who cooperated with the government in any way (including by voting in democratic elections), and ordinary middle-class inhabitants of Peru's main cities. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission later estimated that the resulting conflict led to the deaths of some seventy thousand people, approximately half of them at the hands of the Shining Path and a third at the hands of the state.
+The purpose of Shining Path's campaign was to demoralize and undermine the government of Peru in order to create a situation conducive to a violent coup to overthrow the government which would put its leaders in power. The Shining Path targeted not only the army and police, but also government employees at all levels, other leftist militants such as members of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement ([[MRTA]]), workers who did not participate in the strikes organized by the group, peasants who cooperated with the government in any way (including by voting in democratic elections), and ordinary middle-class inhabitants of Peru's main cities. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission later estimated that the resulting conflict led to the deaths of some seventy thousand people, approximately half of them at the hands of the Shining Path and a third at the hands of the state.
 Initially Guzmán attempted to win over the support of citizens by punishing people they viewed as corrupt government officials and other unpopular leaders. However, Shining Path's increasingly brutal methods together with strictly imposed curfews, the prohibition of alcohol and an overall sense of insecurity and fear led to an increased popular reaction against the communist party. Eventually Guzmán's plan backfired as rural militia or "rondas" rallied support for the military against Shining Path. The very peasants Guzmán claimed to defend had turned against the Shining Path. This resulted in a cyclical state of violence in which Maoist guerillas embarked in ruthless punitive expeditions against Peruvian civilians living in the Andean region. In 1983, 69 people (including women and children) from the highland town of Lucanamarca were tortured and murdered by the Shining Path in what became known as the Lucanamarca massacre.