American Indian Wars: Difference between revisions
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{{Important}}{{Act of Villainy|date=1609–1924|name=American Indian Wars|crimes=[[Genocide]]<br>[[War crimes]]<br>Invasion<br>Forced assimilation<br>[[Ethnic cleansing]]<br>[[Anti-Native American Sentiment]]<br>[[Negrophobia]]<br>[[Crimes against humanity]]|perpetrator=Spanish Empire<br>Kingdom of France<br>Kingdom of England<br>Kingdom of Scotland<br>British Empire<br>Dutch Empire<br>Swedish Empire<br>British America<br>British North America<br>Dominion of Canada<br>Dominion of Newfoundland<br>Russian Empire (1721-1867)<br>United States (1776-1924)<br>Vermont Republic (1777-1791)<br>Mexico<br>Portuguese Empire<br>Republic of Texas (1836-1846)<br>[[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]] (1861-1865)<br>Native American tribes|Image=U.S. Army-Cavalry Pursuing Indians-1876.jpg|location=North America|motive=To remove Native Americans from their lands for white settlers (partially succeeded)}}{{Quote| | {{Important}}{{Act of Villainy|date=1609–1924|name=American Indian Wars|crimes=[[Genocide]]<br>[[War crimes]]<br>Invasion<br>Forced assimilation<br>[[Ethnic cleansing]]<br>[[Anti-Native American Sentiment]]<br>[[Negrophobia]]<br>[[Crimes against humanity]]|perpetrator=Spanish Empire<br>Kingdom of France<br>Kingdom of England<br>Kingdom of Scotland<br>British Empire<br>Dutch Empire<br>Swedish Empire<br>British America<br>British North America<br>Dominion of Canada<br>Dominion of Newfoundland<br>Russian Empire (1721-1867)<br>United States (1776-1924)<br>Vermont Republic (1777-1791)<br>Mexico<br>Portuguese Empire<br>Republic of Texas (1836-1846)<br>[[Confederate States of America|Confederate States]] (1861-1865)<br>Native American tribes|Image=U.S. Army-Cavalry Pursuing Indians-1876.jpg|location=North America|motive=To remove Native Americans from their lands for white settlers (partially succeeded)}}{{Quote|The Indian wars under the government of the United States have been more than 40 in number. They have cost the lives of about 19,000 white men, women and children, including those killed in individual combats, and the lives of about 30,000 Indians. The actual number of killed and wounded Indians must be very much higher than the number given ... Fifty percent additional would be a safe estimate.|Report from the [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]] regarding the wars.}} | ||
The '''American Indian Wars''', also known as the '''American Frontier Wars''', the '''First Nations Wars''' in Canada (French: ''Guerres des Premières Nations''), and the '''Indian Wars''', were fought by European governments and colonists, and later by the United States and Canadian governments and American and Canadian settlers, against various Amerindian tribes. These conflicts occurred in North America from the time of the earliest colonial settlements in the 17th century until the early 20th century. The wars were part of the [[Amerindian Genocide|ongoing genocidal campaigns]] [[Genocide of Indigenous Peoples|against the indigenous peoples of the Americas and Canada]] during this time period. | The '''American Indian Wars''', also known as the '''American Frontier Wars''', the '''First Nations Wars''' in Canada (French: ''Guerres des Premières Nations''), and the '''Indian Wars''', were fought by European governments and colonists, and later by the United States and Canadian governments and American and Canadian settlers, against various Amerindian tribes. These conflicts occurred in North America from the time of the earliest colonial settlements in the 17th century until the early 20th century. The wars were part of the [[Amerindian Genocide|ongoing genocidal campaigns]] [[Genocide of Indigenous Peoples|against the indigenous peoples of the Americas and Canada]] during this time period. | ||
==List of wars== | ==List of wars== | ||
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As settlers spread westward across North America after 1780, armed conflicts increased in size, duration, and intensity between settlers and various Amerindian tribes. The climax came in the War of 1812, when major Amerindian coalitions in the Midwest and the South fought against the United States and lost. Conflict with settlers became much less common and was usually resolved by treaty, often through sale or exchange of territory between the federal government and specific tribes. The [[Indian Removal Act]] of 1830 authorized the American government to enforce Native American removal from east of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory west on the American frontier, especially what became Oklahoma. The federal policy of removal was eventually refined in the West, as American settlers kept expanding their territories, to relocate Amerindian tribes to [[Indian reservations|reservations]]. | As settlers spread westward across North America after 1780, armed conflicts increased in size, duration, and intensity between settlers and various Amerindian tribes. The climax came in the War of 1812, when major Amerindian coalitions in the Midwest and the South fought against the United States and lost. Conflict with settlers became much less common and was usually resolved by treaty, often through sale or exchange of territory between the federal government and specific tribes. The [[Indian Removal Act]] of 1830 authorized the American government to enforce Native American removal from east of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory west on the American frontier, especially what became Oklahoma. The federal policy of removal was eventually refined in the West, as American settlers kept expanding their territories, to relocate Amerindian tribes to [[Indian reservations|reservations]]. | ||
==Legacy== | ==Legacy== | ||
The 2010 United States Census found 2,932,248 Americans who identified themselves as being American Indian or Alaskan Native, about 0.9% of the US population. The Canada 2011 Census found 1,836,035 Canadians who identified themselves as being First Nations (or Inuit or Métis), about 4.3% of the Canadian population. No consensus exists on how many people lived in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans, but extensive research continues to be conducted. Contemporary estimates range from 2.1 million to 18 million people living on the North American continent prior to European colonization, but the US Census Bureau claimed in 1894 that North America was an almost empty continent in 1492 and that Amerindian populations "could not have exceeded much over 500,000", to which that claim has been debunked by the findings of several ancient civilizations such as the Mississippian and Puebloan cultures. | The 2010 United States Census found 2,932,248 Americans who identified themselves as being American Indian or Alaskan Native, about 0.9% of the US population. The Canada 2011 Census found 1,836,035 Canadians who identified themselves as being First Nations (or Inuit or Métis), about 4.3% of the Canadian population. No consensus exists on how many people lived in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans, but extensive research continues to be conducted. Contemporary estimates range from 2.1 million to 18 million people living on the North American continent prior to European colonization, but the US Census Bureau claimed in 1894 that North America was an almost empty continent in 1492 and that Amerindian populations "could not have exceeded much over 500,000", to which that claim has been debunked by the findings of several ancient civilizations such as the Mississippian and Puebloan cultures. | ||