Amerindian Genocide: Difference between revisions
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{{Important}} | {{Important}} | ||
{{Act of Villainy | {{Act of Villainy | ||
|name = | |name = Amerindian Genocide | ||
|Image = California skulls.jpg | |Image = California skulls.jpg | ||
|perpetrator = Spanish Empire<br>Portuguese Empire<br>British Empire<br>French Empire<br>Russian Empire<br>Dutch Empire<br>Mexican government<br>Canadian government<br>United States government<br>Argentine government<br>Chilean government<br>Brazilian government<br>Paraguayan government<br>Uruguayan government<br>Guatemalan government<br>Peruvian government<br>[[Confederate States of America]] | |perpetrator = Spanish Empire<br>Portuguese Empire<br>British Empire<br>French Empire<br>Russian Empire<br>Dutch Empire<br>Danish Empire<br>Mexican government<br>Canadian government<br>United States government<br>Argentine government<br>Chilean government<br>Brazilian government<br>Paraguayan government<br>Uruguayan government<br>Guatemalan government<br>Peruvian government<br>[[Confederate States of America]] | ||
|date = October 12, 1492 - present | |date = October 12, 1492 - present | ||
|location = The Americas | |location = The Americas | ||
|motive = Enslave the Native population and use them to find gold<br>Gain the land of Native tribes<br>Impose "superior" cultural values on the Native Americans | |motive = Enslave the Native population and use them to find gold<br>Gain the land of Native tribes<br>Impose "superior" cultural values on the Native Americans | ||
|crimes = [[Crimes against humanity]]<br>[[Genocide]]<br>[[War crimes]]<br>Mass [[murder]]<br>[[Slavery]]<br>[[Rape]]<br>[[Ethnic cleansing]]<br>Forced assimilation<br>[[Hate Speech]]<br>[[Blood quantum]]<br>[[Anti-Native American Sentiment]]<br>[[Negrophobia]]<br>[[Xenophobia]]<br>[[Misogyny]]<br>[[Propaganda]]<br>[[Torture]]}}{{Quote|It is also apparent that the shared history of the hemisphere is one framed by the dual tragedies of genocide and slavery, both of which are part of the legacy of the European invasions of the past 500 years. Indigenous people north and south were displaced, died of disease, and were killed by Europeans through slavery, rape, and war.|Excerpt from ''American Philosophy: From Wounded Knee to the Present''.}} | |crimes = [[Crimes against humanity]]<br>[[Genocide]]<br>[[War crimes]]<br>Mass [[murder]]<br>[[Slavery]]<br>[[Rape]]<br>[[Ethnic cleansing]]<br>Forced assimilation<br>[[Hate Speech]]<br>[[Blood quantum]]<br>[[Anti-Native American Sentiment]]<br>[[Negrophobia]]<br>[[Xenophobia]]<br>[[Misogyny]]<br>[[Propaganda]]<br>[[Torture]]}}{{Quote|It is also apparent that the shared history of the hemisphere is one framed by the dual tragedies of genocide and slavery, both of which are part of the legacy of the European invasions of the past 500 years. Indigenous people north and south were displaced, died of disease, and were killed by Europeans through slavery, rape, and war.|Excerpt from ''American Philosophy: From Wounded Knee to the Present''.}} | ||
The '''Amerindian Genocide''', AKA the '''Native American Genocide''', the '''American Indian Genocide''' or the '''American Indian Holocaust''' and sometimes known as the '''Conquest of America''', is a blanket term for the various atrocities carried out against indigenous peoples of North and South America from their discovery right up to the 20th Century. It is considered to be the foremost example of [[Genocide of Indigenous Peoples|genocide of indigenous peoples]] and being considered by many historians to be the largest and the worst genocide in history, surpassing even [[The Holocaust]] in scale and numbers of death. It began in October 12, 1492, when the Americas were discovered by the Spanish Empire, and continued well into the 20th century in various different forms and nations, the genocide will ended | The '''Amerindian Genocide''', AKA the '''Native American Genocide''', the '''American Indian Genocide''' or the '''American Indian Holocaust''' and sometimes known as the '''Conquest of America''', is a blanket term for the various atrocities carried out against indigenous peoples of North and South America from their discovery right up to the 20th Century. It is considered to be the foremost example of [[Genocide of Indigenous Peoples|genocide of indigenous peoples]] and being considered by many historians to be the largest and the worst genocide in history, surpassing even [[The Holocaust]] in scale and numbers of death. It began in October 12, 1492, when the Americas were discovered by the Spanish Empire, and continued well into the 20th century in various different forms and nations, the genocide will ended into the present day. It is estimated a total of 100,000,000 Amerindian people died, with one of the biggest causes of death being [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_smallpox#Epidemics_in_the_Americas illnesses such as smallpox, with some estimates placing 90% of the deaths as a result of the epidemic introduced by European settlers.] | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
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===Genocide in Mexico and Central America=== | ===Genocide in Mexico and Central America=== | ||
==== [[Spanish | ==== [[Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire]] ==== | ||
An army of Spanish conquistadors led by [[Hernán Cortés]] led an invasion of the Aztec Empire, resulting in a two-year war between the Spaniards and the Aztecs. Cortés also recruited several indigenous allies that happened to be enemies of the Aztec Empire, such as the Tlaxcaltecs to assist in his invasion. Although Cortés managed to convince Emperor Montezuma II to surrender peacefully, he quickly left Tenochtitlan to deal with Pánfilo Narvez challenging his command, leaving several conquistadors and Tlaxcaltec rulers in charge. When Cortés returned, he discovered that the Aztecs are on the brink of rebellion after the subordinates he left in charge had massacred several Aztec chiefs. When Cortés tried to flee the city with the Aztecs' gold, many conquistadors drowned in Lake Texcoco, in what's known as the "Night of Sadness". Eventually, Cortés returned to Tenochtitlan and invaded the city, to which they managed to successfully conquer Tenochtitlan, execute Emperor Cuauhtémoc, and rule the empire. | An army of Spanish conquistadors led by [[Hernán Cortés]] led an invasion of the Aztec Empire, resulting in a two-year war between the Spaniards and the Aztecs. Cortés also recruited several indigenous allies that happened to be enemies of the Aztec Empire, such as the Tlaxcaltecs to assist in his invasion. Although Cortés managed to convince Emperor Montezuma II to surrender peacefully, he quickly left Tenochtitlan to deal with Pánfilo Narvez challenging his command, leaving several conquistadors and Tlaxcaltec rulers in charge. When Cortés returned, he discovered that the Aztecs are on the brink of rebellion after the subordinates he left in charge had massacred several Aztec chiefs. When Cortés tried to flee the city with the Aztecs' gold, many conquistadors drowned in Lake Texcoco, in what's known as the "Night of Sadness". Eventually, Cortés returned to Tenochtitlan and invaded the city, to which they managed to successfully conquer Tenochtitlan, execute Emperor Cuauhtémoc, and rule the empire. | ||
==== [[Spanish | ==== [[Spanish Conquest of the Maya]] ==== | ||
Starting in 1524, Spanish conquistadors such as [[Pedro de Alvarado]] and [[Francisco de Montejo]] began a series of invasions against the Mayan civilization. Unlike the conquest of the Aztec Empire under Hernán Cortés, which took over two years to successfully conquer, the conquest of the Mayan civilization took over seven decades, due to the conquistadors' unfamiliarity with the environment and the fact that the Mayan civilization consisted of separate kingdoms instead of one unified empire. As the conquistadors and their indigenous allies invaded and plundered the cities over time, many Mayan civilians were subjected to slavery under the ''encomienda'' system and were forced to convert to Christianity. | Starting in 1524, Spanish conquistadors such as [[Pedro de Alvarado]] and [[Francisco de Montejo]] began a series of invasions against the Mayan civilization. Unlike the conquest of the Aztec Empire under Hernán Cortés, which took over two years to successfully conquer, the conquest of the Mayan civilization took over seven decades, due to the conquistadors' unfamiliarity with the environment and the fact that the Mayan civilization consisted of separate kingdoms instead of one unified empire. As the conquistadors and their indigenous allies invaded and plundered the cities over time, many Mayan civilians were subjected to slavery under the ''encomienda'' system and were forced to convert to Christianity. | ||
==== Spanish | ==== Spanish Conquest of Central America ==== | ||
After Christopher Columbus claimed Honduras for Spain during his final voyage in 1502, the conquistadors began colonizing the area that would become El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua in 1524. The indigenous peoples living in the area led a war of resistance against the Spaniards that lasted fifteen years until the war ended with the defeat of the Lenca leader, Lempira. The Mesoamericans and Chibchans were then subjected to slavery via the ''encomienda'' system and many were sold to slave owners in Panama and the Caribbean. | After Christopher Columbus claimed Honduras for Spain during his final voyage in 1502, the conquistadors began colonizing the area that would become El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua in 1524. The indigenous peoples living in the area led a war of resistance against the Spaniards that lasted fifteen years until the war ended with the defeat of the Lenca leader, Lempira. The Mesoamericans and Chibchans were then subjected to slavery via the ''encomienda'' system and many were sold to slave owners in Panama and the Caribbean. | ||
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It is estimated that around 80 tribal groups residing in Brazil were wiped out to extinction within the first half of the 20th century. In other cases, encroachment by loggers and cattle ranchers led to outright massacres against uncontacted tribes to the point of near extinction, such as an Ankutsu tribe being massacred by a party of cattle ranchers in 1990, leaving only seven survivors and the village being bulldozed by FUNAI agents to conceal the evidence. To this day, encroachment into the Amazon rainforest by miners and loggers continues to threaten the cultural way of life for the indigenous peoples of Brazil. | It is estimated that around 80 tribal groups residing in Brazil were wiped out to extinction within the first half of the 20th century. In other cases, encroachment by loggers and cattle ranchers led to outright massacres against uncontacted tribes to the point of near extinction, such as an Ankutsu tribe being massacred by a party of cattle ranchers in 1990, leaving only seven survivors and the village being bulldozed by FUNAI agents to conceal the evidence. To this day, encroachment into the Amazon rainforest by miners and loggers continues to threaten the cultural way of life for the indigenous peoples of Brazil. | ||
==== [[Spanish | ==== [[Spanish Conquest of the Inca Empire]] ==== | ||
In 1532, an army of conquistadors led by [[Francisco Pizarro]] began an invasion of the Inca Empire. Pizarro was successful in raiding the Inca Empire's gold and silver and killing the last emperor, [[Atahualpa]]. Afterwards, the Neo-Inca State was established with Manco Inca becoming the new emperor. In 1541, Pizarro was murdered by [[Diego de Almargo II]], who would later murder Manco three years later. In 1572, [[Francisco Toledo]] managed to successfully crush the resistance of the Neo-Inca State before capturing Emperor Túpac Amaru I and executing him. | In 1532, an army of conquistadors led by [[Francisco Pizarro]] began an invasion of the Inca Empire. Pizarro was successful in raiding the Inca Empire's gold and silver and killing the last emperor, [[Atahualpa]]. Afterwards, the Neo-Inca State was established with Manco Inca becoming the new emperor. In 1541, Pizarro was murdered by [[Diego de Almargo II]], who would later murder Manco three years later. In 1572, [[Francisco Toledo]] managed to successfully crush the resistance of the Neo-Inca State before capturing Emperor Túpac Amaru I and executing him. | ||
==== [[Spanish | ==== [[Spanish Conquest of the Muisca]] ==== | ||
The Spanish conquest of the Muisca Confederation was part of a series of colonization of the Intermediate Area, in which the Chibchan nations residing in Central America and northern Colombia were annexed by the Spanish Empire. The acquisition of the Muisca Confederation was led by several conquistadors such as [[Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada]] and his brother, [[Hernán Pérez de Quesada]]. The conquistadors established settlements in the region such as the New Kingdom of Grenada and subjected the Muisca to slavery via the ''encomienda'' system. The war ended in 1940 when the last ruler, Aquiminzaque was decapitated and the confederation was annexed under Spanish rule. | The Spanish conquest of the Muisca Confederation was part of a series of colonization of the Intermediate Area, in which the Chibchan nations residing in Central America and northern Colombia were annexed by the Spanish Empire. The acquisition of the Muisca Confederation was led by several conquistadors such as [[Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada]] and his brother, [[Hernán Pérez de Quesada]]. The conquistadors established settlements in the region such as the New Kingdom of Grenada and subjected the Muisca to slavery via the ''encomienda'' system. The war ended in 1940 when the last ruler, Aquiminzaque was decapitated and the confederation was annexed under Spanish rule. | ||
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==== [[San Nicolas Island Massacre]] ==== | ==== [[San Nicolas Island Massacre]] ==== | ||
In 1814, a party of | In 1814, a party of Aleut hunters working for the Russian American Company mass murdered and raped the native Nicoleño population residing on San Nicolas Island within the Channel Islands off the coast of California. The last surviving member, Juana Maria, died in 1853. | ||
====[[The Trail of Tears]]==== | ====[[The Trail of Tears]]==== | ||