Amerindian Genocide: Difference between revisions

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|motive = Enslave the Native population and use them to find gold Gain the land of Native tribes Impose "superior" cultural values on the Native Americans

|crimes = [[Crimes against humanity]] [[Genocide]] [[War crimes]] Mass [[murder]] [[Slavery]] [[Rape]] [[Ethnic cleansing]] Forced assimilation [[Hate Speech]] [[Blood quantum]] [[Anti-Native American Sentiment]] [[Negrophobia]] [[Xenophobia]] [[Misogyny]] [[Propaganda]] [[Torture]]}}{{Quote|It is also apparent that the shared history of the hemisphere is one framed by the dual tragedies of genocide and slavery, both of which are part of the legacy of the European invasions of the past 500 years. Indigenous people north and south were displaced, died of disease, and were killed by Europeans through slavery, rape, and war.|Excerpt from ''American Philosophy: From Wounded Knee to the Present''.}}

The '''Amerindian Genocide''', AKA the '''Native American Genocide''', the '''American Indian Genocide''' or the '''American Indian Holocaust''' and sometimes known as the '''Conquest of America''', is a blanket term for the various atrocities carried out against indigenous peoples of North and South America from their discovery right up to the ~~20th Century~~. It is considered to be the foremost example of [[Genocide of Indigenous Peoples|genocide of indigenous peoples]] and being considered by many historians to be the largest and the worst genocide in history, surpassing even [[The Holocaust]] in scale and numbers of death. It began in October 12, 1492, when the Americas were discovered by the Spanish Empire, and continued well into the 20th century in various different forms and nations, the genocide will ended into the present day. It is estimated a total of 100,000,000 Amerindian people died, with one of the biggest causes of death being [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_smallpox#Epidemics_in_the_Americas illnesses such as smallpox, with some estimates placing 90% of the deaths as a result of the epidemic introduced by European settlers.]

The '''Amerindian Genocide''', AKA the '''Native American Genocide''', the '''American Indian Genocide''' or the '''American Indian Holocaust''' and sometimes known as the '''Conquest of America''', is a blanket term for the various atrocities carried out against indigenous peoples of North and South America from their discovery right up to the present day. It is considered to be the foremost example of [[Genocide of Indigenous Peoples|genocide of indigenous peoples]] and being considered by many historians to be the largest and the worst genocide in history, surpassing even [[The Holocaust]] in scale and numbers of death. It began in October 12, 1492, when the Americas were discovered by the Spanish Empire, and continued well into the 20th century in various different forms and nations, the genocide will ended into the present day. It is estimated a total of 100,000,000 Amerindian people died, with one of the biggest causes of death being [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_smallpox#Epidemics_in_the_Americas illnesses such as smallpox, with some estimates placing 90% of the deaths as a result of the epidemic introduced by European settlers.]

==History==

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==== [[Spanish Conquest of the Maya]] ====

Starting in 1524, Spanish conquistadors such as [[Pedro de Alvarado]] and [[Francisco de Montejo]] began a series of invasions against the Mayan civilization. Unlike the conquest of the Aztec Empire under Hernán Cortés, which took over two years to successfully conquer, the conquest of the Mayan civilization took over seven decades, due to the conquistadors' unfamiliarity with the environment and the fact that the Mayan civilization consisted of separate kingdoms instead of ~~one~~ unified empire. As the conquistadors and their indigenous allies invaded and plundered the cities over time, many Mayan civilians were subjected to slavery under the ''encomienda'' system and were forced to convert to Christianity.

Starting in 1524, Spanish conquistadors such as [[Pedro de Alvarado]] and [[Francisco de Montejo]] began a series of invasions against the Mayan civilization. Unlike the conquest of the Aztec Empire under Hernán Cortés, which took over two years to successfully conquer, the conquest of the Mayan civilization took over seven decades, due to the conquistadors' unfamiliarity with the environment and the fact that the Mayan civilization consisted of separate kingdoms and city-states instead of a single unified empire. As the conquistadors and their indigenous allies invaded and plundered the cities over time, many Mayan civilians were subjected to slavery under the ''encomienda'' system and were forced to convert to Christianity.

==== Spanish Conquest of Central America ====

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==== [[Napalpí Massacre]] ====

On July 19th, 1924, during the [[Conquest of Chaco]], Argentinian police officers and ranchers massacred over 400 Toba and Mocoví people. Those who ~~were~~ survived were beheaded and hung before their bodies were buried in mass graves, while others were burnt. Some accounts suggest that the perpetrators had also taken their genitals and ears as trophies.

On July 19th, 1924, during the [[Conquest of Chaco]], Argentinian police officers and ranchers massacred over 400 Toba and Mocoví people. Those who survived were beheaded and hung before their bodies were buried in mass graves, while others were burnt. Some accounts suggest that the perpetrators had also taken their genitals and ears as trophies.

==== [[Paraguayan Genocide]] ====

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On 28 May 1830, President [[Andrew Jackson]] signed into law the Indian Removal Act, which authorized the US government to confiscate Native American land. The Act was strongly enforced under Jackson’s presidency and that of his successor, [[Martin Van Buren]].

Under the Indian Removal Act, the government had a mandate to remove 50,000 Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole and Chickasaw people from their homeland and seize it for themselves. No means of transportation were provided after the Natives were removed, meaning they were forced to walk 2,200 miles to Indian reservations. 4,000 deaths were reported on one march alone, and estimates of the total death toll range from 5,000 to 25,000. Others Natives were herded into concentration camps until new land was found for then to settle on, but this was generally used as a last resort.

Under the Indian Removal Act, the government had a mandate to remove 50,000 Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole and Chickasaw people from their homeland and seize it for themselves. No means of transportation were provided after the Natives were removed, meaning they were forced to walk 2,200 miles to Indian reservations. 4,000 deaths were reported on one march alone, and estimates of the total death toll range from 5,000 to 25,000. Others Natives were herded into concentration camps until new land was found for then to settle on, but this was generally used as a last resort. Some accounts suggest that the US soldiers who enforced the Removal Act also raped many Native women and wore their genitals on their hats.

====[[Long Walk of the Navajo]]====

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====Forced sterilization====

During the 1960s and 1970s, the Indian Health Service performed thousands of sterilizations on Native American women between the ages of 15 and 44, with 3,406 women being sterilized between 1973 and 1976. Most of these sterilizations were performed without informed consent, with the women being either tricked into thinking the process was reversible, blackmailed into consenting with threats of losing welfare or simply forced to undergo the procedure with no prior knowledge. This was part of a wider policy of [[eugenics]] which also included African-Americans and the poor. It was halted in 1976 when the General Accountability Office found the sterilizations to be noncompliant with IHS ethics and policy and declared a moratorium on all sterilization procedures.

A similar policy was pursued in several Canadian provinces in the 1930s, where Native women were declared to be mentally incompetent and were sterilized under the direction of the provincial Boards of Eugenics.

==== Highway of Tears ====

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 |motive = Enslave the Native population and use them to find gold<br>Gain the land of Native tribes<br>Impose "superior" cultural values on the Native Americans
 |crimes = [[Crimes against humanity]]<br>[[Genocide]]<br>[[War crimes]]<br>Mass [[murder]]<br>[[Slavery]]<br>[[Rape]]<br>[[Ethnic cleansing]]<br>Forced assimilation<br>[[Hate Speech]]<br>[[Blood quantum]]<br>[[Anti-Native American Sentiment]]<br>[[Negrophobia]]<br>[[Xenophobia]]<br>[[Misogyny]]<br>[[Propaganda]]<br>[[Torture]]}}{{Quote|It is also apparent that the shared history of the hemisphere is one framed by the dual tragedies of genocide and slavery, both of which are part of the legacy of the European invasions of the past 500 years. Indigenous people north and south were displaced, died of disease, and were killed by Europeans through slavery, rape, and war.|Excerpt from ''American Philosophy: From Wounded Knee to the Present''.}}
-The '''Amerindian Genocide''', AKA the '''Native American Genocide''', the '''American Indian Genocide''' or the '''American Indian Holocaust''' and sometimes known as the '''Conquest of America''', is a blanket term for the various atrocities carried out against indigenous peoples of North and South America from their discovery right up to the 20th Century. It is considered to be the foremost example of [[Genocide of Indigenous Peoples|genocide of indigenous peoples]] and being considered by many historians to be the largest and the worst genocide in history, surpassing even [[The Holocaust]] in scale and numbers of death. It began in October 12, 1492, when the Americas were discovered by the Spanish Empire, and continued well into the 20th century in various different forms and nations, the genocide will ended into the present day. It is estimated a total of 100,000,000 Amerindian people died, with one of the biggest causes of death being [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_smallpox#Epidemics_in_the_Americas illnesses such as smallpox, with some estimates placing 90% of the deaths as a result of the epidemic introduced by European settlers.]
+The '''Amerindian Genocide''', AKA the '''Native American Genocide''', the '''American Indian Genocide''' or the '''American Indian Holocaust''' and sometimes known as the '''Conquest of America''', is a blanket term for the various atrocities carried out against indigenous peoples of North and South America from their discovery right up to the present day. It is considered to be the foremost example of [[Genocide of Indigenous Peoples|genocide of indigenous peoples]] and being considered by many historians to be the largest and the worst genocide in history, surpassing even [[The Holocaust]] in scale and numbers of death. It began in October 12, 1492, when the Americas were discovered by the Spanish Empire, and continued well into the 20th century in various different forms and nations, the genocide will ended into the present day. It is estimated a total of 100,000,000 Amerindian people died, with one of the biggest causes of death being [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_smallpox#Epidemics_in_the_Americas illnesses such as smallpox, with some estimates placing 90% of the deaths as a result of the epidemic introduced by European settlers.]
 ==History==
@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 ==== [[Spanish Conquest of the Maya]] ====
-Starting in 1524, Spanish conquistadors such as [[Pedro de Alvarado]] and [[Francisco de Montejo]] began a series of invasions against the Mayan civilization. Unlike the conquest of the Aztec Empire under Hernán Cortés, which took over two years to successfully conquer, the conquest of the Mayan civilization took over seven decades, due to the conquistadors' unfamiliarity with the environment and the fact that the Mayan civilization consisted of separate kingdoms instead of one unified empire. As the conquistadors and their indigenous allies invaded and plundered the cities over time, many Mayan civilians were subjected to slavery under the ''encomienda'' system and were forced to convert to Christianity.
+Starting in 1524, Spanish conquistadors such as [[Pedro de Alvarado]] and [[Francisco de Montejo]] began a series of invasions against the Mayan civilization. Unlike the conquest of the Aztec Empire under Hernán Cortés, which took over two years to successfully conquer, the conquest of the Mayan civilization took over seven decades, due to the conquistadors' unfamiliarity with the environment and the fact that the Mayan civilization consisted of separate kingdoms and city-states instead of a single unified empire. As the conquistadors and their indigenous allies invaded and plundered the cities over time, many Mayan civilians were subjected to slavery under the ''encomienda'' system and were forced to convert to Christianity.
 ==== Spanish Conquest of Central America ====
@@ Line 83: / Line 83: @@
 ==== [[Napalpí Massacre]] ====
-On July 19th, 1924, during the [[Conquest of Chaco]], Argentinian police officers and ranchers massacred over 400 Toba and Mocoví people. Those who were survived were beheaded and hung before their bodies were buried in mass graves, while others were burnt. Some accounts suggest that the perpetrators had also taken their genitals and ears as trophies.
+On July 19th, 1924, during the [[Conquest of Chaco]], Argentinian police officers and ranchers massacred over 400 Toba and Mocoví people. Those who survived were beheaded and hung before their bodies were buried in mass graves, while others were burnt. Some accounts suggest that the perpetrators had also taken their genitals and ears as trophies.
 ==== [[Paraguayan Genocide]] ====
@@ Line 122: / Line 122: @@
 On 28 May 1830, President [[Andrew Jackson]] signed into law the Indian Removal Act, which authorized the US government to confiscate Native American land. The Act was strongly enforced under Jackson’s presidency and that of his successor, [[Martin Van Buren]].
-Under the Indian Removal Act, the government had a mandate to remove 50,000 Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole and Chickasaw people from their homeland and seize it for themselves. No means of transportation were provided after the Natives were removed, meaning they were forced to walk 2,200 miles to Indian reservations. 4,000 deaths were reported on one march alone, and estimates of the total death toll range from 5,000 to 25,000. Others Natives were herded into concentration camps until new land was found for then to settle on, but this was generally used as a last resort.
+Under the Indian Removal Act, the government had a mandate to remove 50,000 Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole and Chickasaw people from their homeland and seize it for themselves. No means of transportation were provided after the Natives were removed, meaning they were forced to walk 2,200 miles to Indian reservations. 4,000 deaths were reported on one march alone, and estimates of the total death toll range from 5,000 to 25,000. Others Natives were herded into concentration camps until new land was found for then to settle on, but this was generally used as a last resort. Some accounts suggest that the US soldiers who enforced the Removal Act also raped many Native women and wore their genitals on their hats.
 ====[[Long Walk of the Navajo]]====
@@ Line 150: / Line 150: @@
 ====Forced sterilization====
 During the 1960s and 1970s, the Indian Health Service performed thousands of sterilizations on Native American women between the ages of 15 and 44, with 3,406 women being sterilized between 1973 and 1976. Most of these sterilizations were performed without informed consent, with the women being either tricked into thinking the process was reversible, blackmailed into consenting with threats of losing welfare or simply forced to undergo the procedure with no prior knowledge. This was part of a wider policy of [[eugenics]] which also included African-Americans and the poor. It was halted in 1976 when the General Accountability Office found the sterilizations to be noncompliant with IHS ethics and policy and declared a moratorium on all sterilization procedures.
+A similar policy was pursued in several Canadian provinces in the 1930s, where Native women were declared to be mentally incompetent and were sterilized under the direction of the provincial Boards of Eugenics.
 ==== Highway of Tears ====