Amerindian Genocide: Difference between revisions

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{{Act of Villainy

|Image = California skulls.jpg

|perpetrator = Spanish Empire Portuguese Empire British Empire French Empire Russian Empire Mexican government Canadian government United States government Argentine government Chilean government Brazilian government Paraguayan government [[Paxton Boys]]

|perpetrator = Spanish Empire Portuguese Empire British Empire French Empire Russian Empire Mexican government Canadian government United States government Argentine government Chilean government Brazilian government Paraguayan government Guatemalan government [[Paxton Boys]]

|date = 1494 - 1996

|location = North and South America

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===[[Kalinago Genocide]]===

The Caribbean island of Saint Kitts was colonized by British, French and Irish settlers in 1623, upsetting the native Kalinago tribe. The Kalinago chief [[Tegremond]] began plotting to kill the settlers in 1626 out of fear they would massacre ~~the Kalinago~~. However, the settlers were informed and decided to take pre-emptive action against the natives.

The Caribbean island of Saint Kitts was colonized by British, French and Irish settlers in 1623, upsetting the native Kalinago tribe. The Kalinago chief [[Tegremond]] began plotting to kill the settlers in 1626 out of fear they would massacre his people. However, the settlers were informed and decided to take pre-emptive action against the natives.

Tegremond and other Kalinago were invited to a feast, where the settlers got them drunk before allowing them to return to their village. The settlers then attacked the village and killed 120 Kalinago, including Tegremond, while they were in a drunken stupor. The following day, 4,000 Kalinago were rounded up and forced up to what is now known as Bloody Point. The Kalinago fought back, leading to the killings of 2,000 of the captives. The other 2,000 managed to escape into the mountains, where they were hunted down and either enslaved or forcibly removed to Dominica.

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The 1890 Yaqui Uprising against President [[Porfirio Díaz]] was crushed by the Mexican and United States armies. A peace treaty was signed in 1897, but this was later broken and another war was started, continuing into the 20th Century. By 1903, President Díaz had decided to resolve the Yaqui Wars once and for all by deporting all the Yaqui. Organized manhunts were carried out by the government to capture all Yaqui. 15, 000 Yaqui were enslaved, and 60, 000 died during deportation. The genocide came to an end when President Díaz was overthrown in 1911, although minor skirmishes continued until 1929.

=== [[Selk'nam Genocide]] ===

=== Genocide in Argentina and Chile ===

==== [[Conquest of the Desert]] ====

In the 1870s, Argentina began a campaign of southward expansion into Patagonia to prevent Chilean influence in the region. This led to a series of conflicts against the indigenous Mapuche tribes living in the region, to which the Argentinians were successful in annexing the Patagonian region and subjugating the Mapuches. Many of the campaigns against the Mapuches happened under Julio Argentino Roca and the Mapuche resistance against Argentinian colonization is considered to be one of the most successful American indigenous resistance movements in history. Some have considered the Conquest to be a civilizing mission, while others labelled it as a genocide.

==== [[Pacification of Araucania]] ====

Similar to Argentina's Conquest of the Desert, the Chilean occupation of Araucania was a campaign of territorial expansion to colonize Patagonia and annex Mapuche territories. The Chilean conquest led to many Mapuches getting killed in war and dying of foreign diseases such as smallpox. The occupation also led to the Mapuches being left in a state of poverty for generations.

==== [[Selk'nam Genocide]] ====

Due to continuous attacks by Selk'nam warriors on miners and farmers, the settlers decided to put an end to the attacks by attempting to completely eradicate the Selk'nam population. Most of the massacres took place under the orders of explorer [[Julius Popper]]. Many of the victims were raped and mutilated and others were captured to be sold to concentration camps and human zoos. The extermination policy remained in place until the early 20th century to which the last full-blooded Selk'nam, Angela Loji died in 1974.

===Genocide in USA and Canada===

====Beothuk extinction====

The Canadian Beothuk people became extinct in 1829. Initially co-existing with English settlers, the Beothuk had been forced off their fisheries and hunting grounds in the 17th Century, leading to starvation. The Beothuk’s attempts to reclaim these lands resulted in an all-out war during which the Beothuk were hunted down and killed. The colonial government attempted to mitigate this by putting out a reward for capturing Beothuk alive, but this just lead to more killing as settlers slaughtered any Beothuk who resisted capture. The last few Beothuk died of tuberculosis introduced by the settlers in captivity.

The Canadian Beothuk people of Newfoundland became extinct in 1829. Initially co-existing with English settlers, the Beothuk had been forced off their fisheries and hunting grounds in the 17th Century, leading to starvation. The Beothuk’s attempts to reclaim these lands resulted in an all-out war during which the Beothuk were hunted down and killed. The colonial government attempted to mitigate this by putting out a reward for capturing Beothuk alive, but this just lead to more killing as settlers slaughtered any Beothuk who resisted capture. The last few Beothuk died of tuberculosis introduced by the settlers in captivity.

====[[American Indian Wars]]====

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The [[Paxton Boys]], a vigilante group, raided Conestoga Indian Town, Pennsylvania, on 14 December 1763 with the intention of wiping out the Conestoga tribe, who they had accused of providing intelligence and aid to hostile tribes during Pontiac’s War. They shot and scalped six Conestoga during the attack and burned down the village, leading to Governor John Penn posting a reward for the capture of the Paxton Boys and placing the remaining sixteen Conestoga in protective custody in Lancaster Gaol.

On 27 December the Paxton Boys attacked Lancaster Gaol. They shot six Conestoga adults and eight children purposefully non-fatally before mutilating and scalping them, executing those who survived with shots to the head. Governor Penn increased the reward for their capture to $600 ($21, 000 in today’s money) but they were never brought to justice because many locals ~~sympathised~~ with them. Only two Conestoga survived, leading to the extinction of the tribe when they died.

On 27 December the Paxton Boys attacked Lancaster Gaol. They shot six Conestoga adults and eight children purposefully non-fatally before mutilating and scalping them, executing those who survived with shots to the head. Governor Penn increased the reward for their capture to $600 ($21, 000 in today’s money) but they were never brought to justice because many locals sympathized with them. Only two Conestoga survived, leading to the extinction of the tribe when they died.

====[[Gnadenhutten Massacre]]====

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====Forced sterilization====

During the 1960s and 1970s, the Indian Health Service performed thousands of sterilizations on Native American women between the ages of 15 and 44, with 3,406 women being sterilized between 1973 and 1976. Most of these sterilizations were performed without informed consent, with the women being either tricked into thinking the process was reversible, blackmailed into consenting with threats of losing welfare or simply forced to undergo the procedure with no prior knowledge. This was part of a wider policy of [[eugenics]] which also included African-Americans and the poor. It was halted in 1976 when the General Accountability Office found the sterilizations to be noncompliant with IHS ethics and policy and declared a moratorium on all sterilization procedures.

=== [[Guatemalan Genocide]] ===

During the [[Guatemalan Civil War]], Guatemalan officials began persecuting Mayan civilians for allegedly supporting leftist rebels during the war as well as being viewed as sub-human. Mayan women were subjected to [[genocidal rape]] and abductions, while others were executed and dumped in unmarked graves. It is estimated that 150,000 Mayan civilians were killed during the genocide, while another 200,000 people fled the country and took refuge in southern Mexico.

[[Category:Villainous Event]]

[[Category:United States of America]]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{Act of Villainy
 |Image = California skulls.jpg
-|perpetrator = Spanish Empire<br>Portuguese Empire<br>British Empire<br>French Empire<br>Russian Empire<br>Mexican government<br>Canadian government<br>United States government<br>Argentine government<br>Chilean government<br>Brazilian government<br>Paraguayan government<br>[[Paxton Boys]]
+|perpetrator = Spanish Empire<br>Portuguese Empire<br>British Empire<br>French Empire<br>Russian Empire<br>Mexican government<br>Canadian government<br>United States government<br>Argentine government<br>Chilean government<br>Brazilian government<br>Paraguayan government<br>Guatemalan government<br>[[Paxton Boys]]
 |date = 1494 - 1996
 |location = North and South America
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 ===[[Kalinago Genocide]]===
-The Caribbean island of Saint Kitts was colonized by British, French and Irish settlers in 1623, upsetting the native Kalinago tribe. The Kalinago chief [[Tegremond]] began plotting to kill the settlers in 1626 out of fear they would massacre the Kalinago. However, the settlers were informed and decided to take pre-emptive action against the natives.
+The Caribbean island of Saint Kitts was colonized by British, French and Irish settlers in 1623, upsetting the native Kalinago tribe. The Kalinago chief [[Tegremond]] began plotting to kill the settlers in 1626 out of fear they would massacre his people. However, the settlers were informed and decided to take pre-emptive action against the natives.
 Tegremond and other Kalinago were invited to a feast, where the settlers got them drunk before allowing them to return to their village. The settlers then attacked the village and killed 120 Kalinago, including Tegremond, while they were in a drunken stupor. The following day, 4,000 Kalinago were rounded up and forced up to what is now known as Bloody Point. The Kalinago fought back, leading to the killings of 2,000 of the captives. The other 2,000 managed to escape into the mountains, where they were hunted down and either enslaved or forcibly removed to Dominica.
@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 The 1890 Yaqui Uprising against President [[Porfirio Díaz]] was crushed by the Mexican and United States armies. A peace treaty was signed in 1897, but this was later broken and another war was started, continuing into the 20th Century. By 1903, President Díaz had decided to resolve the Yaqui Wars once and for all by deporting all the Yaqui. Organized manhunts were carried out by the government to capture all Yaqui. 15, 000 Yaqui were enslaved, and 60, 000 died during deportation. The genocide came to an end when President Díaz was overthrown in 1911, although minor skirmishes continued until 1929.
-=== [[Selk'nam Genocide]] ===
+=== Genocide in Argentina and Chile ===
+==== [[Conquest of the Desert]] ====
+In the 1870s, Argentina began a campaign of southward expansion into Patagonia to prevent Chilean influence in the region. This led to a series of conflicts against the indigenous Mapuche tribes living in the region, to which the Argentinians were successful in annexing the Patagonian region and subjugating the Mapuches. Many of the campaigns against the Mapuches happened under Julio Argentino Roca and the Mapuche resistance against Argentinian colonization is considered to be one of the most successful American indigenous resistance movements in history. Some have considered the Conquest to be a civilizing mission, while others labelled it as a genocide.
+==== [[Pacification of Araucania]] ====
+Similar to Argentina's Conquest of the Desert, the Chilean occupation of Araucania was a campaign of territorial expansion to colonize Patagonia and annex Mapuche territories. The Chilean conquest led to many Mapuches getting killed in war and dying of foreign diseases such as smallpox. The occupation also led to the Mapuches being left in a state of poverty for generations.
+==== [[Selk'nam Genocide]] ====
 Due to continuous attacks by Selk'nam warriors on miners and farmers, the settlers decided to put an end to the attacks by attempting to completely eradicate the Selk'nam population. Most of the massacres took place under the orders of explorer [[Julius Popper]]. Many of the victims were raped and mutilated and others were captured to be sold to concentration camps and human zoos. The extermination policy remained in place until the early 20th century to which the last full-blooded Selk'nam, Angela Loji died in 1974.
 ===Genocide in USA and Canada===
 ====Beothuk extinction====
-The Canadian Beothuk people became extinct in 1829. Initially co-existing with English settlers, the Beothuk had been forced off their fisheries and hunting grounds in the 17th Century, leading to starvation. The Beothuk’s attempts to reclaim these lands resulted in an all-out war during which the Beothuk were hunted down and killed. The colonial government attempted to mitigate this by putting out a reward for capturing Beothuk alive, but this just lead to more killing as settlers slaughtered any Beothuk who resisted capture. The last few Beothuk died of tuberculosis introduced by the settlers in captivity.
+The Canadian Beothuk people of Newfoundland became extinct in 1829. Initially co-existing with English settlers, the Beothuk had been forced off their fisheries and hunting grounds in the 17th Century, leading to starvation. The Beothuk’s attempts to reclaim these lands resulted in an all-out war during which the Beothuk were hunted down and killed. The colonial government attempted to mitigate this by putting out a reward for capturing Beothuk alive, but this just lead to more killing as settlers slaughtered any Beothuk who resisted capture. The last few Beothuk died of tuberculosis introduced by the settlers in captivity.
 ====[[American Indian Wars]]====
@@ Line 47: / Line 55: @@
 The [[Paxton Boys]], a vigilante group, raided Conestoga Indian Town, Pennsylvania, on 14 December 1763 with the intention of wiping out the Conestoga tribe, who they had accused of providing intelligence and aid to hostile tribes during Pontiac’s War. They shot and scalped six Conestoga during the attack and burned down the village, leading to Governor John Penn posting a reward for the capture of the Paxton Boys and placing the remaining sixteen Conestoga in protective custody in Lancaster Gaol.
-On 27 December the Paxton Boys attacked Lancaster Gaol. They shot six Conestoga adults and eight children purposefully non-fatally before mutilating and scalping them, executing those who survived with shots to the head. Governor Penn increased the reward for their capture to $600 ($21, 000 in today’s money) but they were never brought to justice because many locals sympathised with them. Only two Conestoga survived, leading to the extinction of the tribe when they died.
+On 27 December the Paxton Boys attacked Lancaster Gaol. They shot six Conestoga adults and eight children purposefully non-fatally before mutilating and scalping them, executing those who survived with shots to the head. Governor Penn increased the reward for their capture to $600 ($21, 000 in today’s money) but they were never brought to justice because many locals sympathized with them. Only two Conestoga survived, leading to the extinction of the tribe when they died.
 ====[[Gnadenhutten Massacre]]====
@@ Line 85: / Line 93: @@
 ====Forced sterilization====
 During the 1960s and 1970s, the Indian Health Service performed thousands of sterilizations on Native American women between the ages of 15 and 44, with 3,406 women being sterilized between 1973 and 1976. Most of these sterilizations were performed without informed consent, with the women being either tricked into thinking the process was reversible, blackmailed into consenting with threats of losing welfare or simply forced to undergo the procedure with no prior knowledge. This was part of a wider policy of [[eugenics]] which also included African-Americans and the poor. It was halted in 1976 when the General Accountability Office found the sterilizations to be noncompliant with IHS ethics and policy and declared a moratorium on all sterilization procedures.
+=== [[Guatemalan Genocide]] ===
+During the [[Guatemalan Civil War]], Guatemalan officials began persecuting Mayan civilians for allegedly supporting leftist rebels during the war as well as being viewed as sub-human. Mayan women were subjected to [[genocidal rape]] and abductions, while others were executed and dumped in unmarked graves. It is estimated that 150,000 Mayan civilians were killed during the genocide, while another 200,000 people fled the country and took refuge in southern Mexico.
 [[Category:Villainous Event]]
 [[Category:United States of America]]