Amerindian Genocide: Difference between revisions

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==== [[Pacification of Araucania]] ====

Similar to Argentina's Conquest of the Desert, the Chilean occupation of Araucania was a campaign of territorial expansion to colonize Patagonia and annex Mapuche territories. The Chilean conquest led to many Mapuches getting killed in war and dying of foreign diseases such as smallpox. The occupation also led to the Mapuches being left in a state of poverty for generations.

Similar to Argentina's Conquest of the Desert, the Chilean occupation of Araucania was a campaign of territorial expansion to colonize Patagonia and annex Mapuche territories. The Chilean conquest led to many Mapuches getting killed in war and dying of foreign diseases such as smallpox. The occupation also led to the Mapuches being left in a state of poverty for generations. A few massacres against Mapuche workers by Chilean soldiers and police officers have also taken place during the 20th century as well.

==== [[Selk'nam Genocide]] ====

Due to continuous attacks by Selk'nam warriors on miners and farmers, the settlers decided to put an end to the attacks by attempting to completely eradicate the Selk'nam population. Most of the massacres took place under the orders of several settlers such as [[Julius Popper]], [[Ramón Lista]] and [[José Menéndez]]. Many of the victims were raped and mutilated and others were captured to be sold to concentration camps and human zoos. The extermination policy remained in place until early 20th century. The last full-blooded individual, Angela Loji, died in 1974.

~~==== [[Paraguayan War|War of the Triple Alliance]] ====~~

The War of the Triple Alliance (1865-1870) was launched by the Empire of Brazil, in alliance with the Argentine government of [[Bartolomé Mitre]] and the Uruguayan government of [[Venancio Flores]], against Paraguay. The governments of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay signed a secret treaty in which the "high contracting parties" solemnly bind themselves to overthrow the government of Paraguay, which was lead by [[Francisco Solano López]] at the time.

In the 5 years of war, the Paraguayan population was reduced, including, civilians, women, children, and the elderly. Julio José Chiavenato in his book American Genocide affirms that it was "a war of total extermination that only ended when there were no more Paraguayans to kill" and concludes that 99.5% of the adult male population of Paraguay died during the war. Of a population of approximately 420,000 before the war, only 14,000 men and 180,000 women remained.

==== [[Putumayo Genocide]] ====

The Peruvian government ceded to the [[Peruvian Amazon Company]] the Amazon territories north of Loreto, after the company's founder [[Julio César Arana]] purchased the land. Shortly after, private hosts of Arana – brought from Barbados – which consisted of forcing Amerindians to work for him in exchange for "favors and protection", with the offer being unable to deny as disagreements led to their [[kidnapping]] by mercenaries paid by the company. The Amerindians were subjected to isolation processes in remote areas to collect rubber in inhuman conditions and if they did not meet the required amount, they were punished with death or were disappeared in "distant camps" where ninety percent of the affected Amazonian populations were annihilated.

==== [[Napalpí Massacre]] ====

On July 19th, 1924, during the [[Conquest of Chaco]], Argentinian police officers and ranchers massacred over 400 Toba and Mocoví people. Those who were survived were beheaded and hung before their bodies were buried in mass graves, while others were burnt. Some accounts suggest that the perpetrators had also taken their genitals and ears as trophies.

==== [[Paraguayan Genocide]] ====

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At Bosque Redondo, the Navajo, along with the Mescalero Apaches, suffered from appalling conditions, as the inhospitable land on the reservation was not suitable for farming. After three years of staying at Bosque Redondo, general William Sherman and his peace commission offered the Navajo tribe to move east to Indian territory in Oklahoma, to which the tribe declined and requested an offer to move back to their ancestral homeland. A treaty was signed in 1868 and the Navajo returned to their original homeland.

==== [[Cypress Hills Massacre]] ====

On June 1st, 1873, a party of American hunters and traders massacred a group of Assiniboine people residing in a camp near Battle Creek in Saskatchewan. An investigation into the massacre was commissioned and most of the perpetrators were put on trial. This also led to the establishment of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and Canadian resentment towards American people as a result of the massacre.

====[[Wounded Knee Massacre]]====

@@ Line 69: / Line 69: @@
 ==== [[Pacification of Araucania]] ====
-Similar to Argentina's Conquest of the Desert, the Chilean occupation of Araucania was a campaign of territorial expansion to colonize Patagonia and annex Mapuche territories. The Chilean conquest led to many Mapuches getting killed in war and dying of foreign diseases such as smallpox. The occupation also led to the Mapuches being left in a state of poverty for generations.
+Similar to Argentina's Conquest of the Desert, the Chilean occupation of Araucania was a campaign of territorial expansion to colonize Patagonia and annex Mapuche territories. The Chilean conquest led to many Mapuches getting killed in war and dying of foreign diseases such as smallpox. The occupation also led to the Mapuches being left in a state of poverty for generations. A few massacres against Mapuche workers by Chilean soldiers and police officers have also taken place during the 20th century as well.
 ==== [[Selk'nam Genocide]] ====
 Due to continuous attacks by Selk'nam warriors on miners and farmers, the settlers decided to put an end to the attacks by attempting to completely eradicate the Selk'nam population. Most of the massacres took place under the orders of several settlers such as [[Julius Popper]], [[Ramón Lista]] and [[José Menéndez]]. Many of the victims were raped and mutilated and others were captured to be sold to concentration camps and human zoos. The extermination policy remained in place until early 20th century. The last full-blooded individual, Angela Loji, died in 1974.
-==== [[Paraguayan War|War of the Triple Alliance]] ====
-The War of the Triple Alliance (1865-1870) was launched by the Empire of Brazil, in alliance with the Argentine government of [[Bartolomé Mitre]] and the Uruguayan government of [[Venancio Flores]], against Paraguay. The governments of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay signed a secret treaty in which the "high contracting parties" solemnly bind themselves to overthrow the government of Paraguay, which was lead by [[Francisco Solano López]] at the time.
-In the 5 years of war, the Paraguayan population was reduced, including, civilians, women, children, and the elderly. Julio José Chiavenato in his book American Genocide affirms that it was "a war of total extermination that only ended when there were no more Paraguayans to kill" and concludes that 99.5% of the adult male population of Paraguay died during the war. Of a population of approximately 420,000 before the war, only 14,000 men and 180,000 women remained.
 ==== [[Putumayo Genocide]] ====
 The Peruvian government ceded to the [[Peruvian Amazon Company]] the Amazon territories north of Loreto, after the company's founder [[Julio César Arana]] purchased the land. Shortly after, private hosts of Arana – brought from Barbados – which consisted of forcing Amerindians to work for him in exchange for "favors and protection", with the offer being unable to deny as disagreements led to their [[kidnapping]] by mercenaries paid by the company. The Amerindians were subjected to isolation processes in remote areas to collect rubber in inhuman conditions and if they did not meet the required amount, they were punished with death or were disappeared in "distant camps" where ninety percent of the affected Amazonian populations were annihilated.
+==== [[Napalpí Massacre]] ====
+On July 19th, 1924, during the [[Conquest of Chaco]], Argentinian police officers and ranchers massacred over 400 Toba and Mocoví people. Those who were survived were beheaded and hung before their bodies were buried in mass graves, while others were burnt. Some accounts suggest that the perpetrators had also taken their genitals and ears as trophies.
 ==== [[Paraguayan Genocide]] ====
@@ Line 125: / Line 123: @@
 At Bosque Redondo, the Navajo, along with the Mescalero Apaches, suffered from appalling conditions, as the inhospitable land on the reservation was not suitable for farming. After three years of staying at Bosque Redondo, general William Sherman and his peace commission offered the Navajo tribe to move east to Indian territory in Oklahoma, to which the tribe declined and requested an offer to move back to their ancestral homeland. A treaty was signed in 1868 and the Navajo returned to their original homeland.
+==== [[Cypress Hills Massacre]] ====
+On June 1st, 1873, a party of American hunters and traders massacred a group of Assiniboine people residing in a camp near Battle Creek in Saskatchewan. An investigation into the massacre was commissioned and most of the perpetrators were put on trial. This also led to the establishment of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and Canadian resentment towards American people as a result of the massacre.
 ====[[Wounded Knee Massacre]]====