Andrew Jackson: Difference between revisions

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The Trail of Tears was a series of forced relocations of approximately 60,000 Native Americans between 1830 and 1850 by the United States government. Members of the Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek), Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations (including thousands of their black slaves) were forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to areas to the west of the Mississippi River that had been designated as 'Indian Territory'.

The forced relocations were carried out by government authorities (state and local militias) following the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830. The Cherokee removal in 1838 (the last forced removal east of the Mississippi) was brought on by the discovery of gold near Dahlonega, Georgia in 1828, resulting in the Georgia Gold Rush.

The forced relocations were carried out by government authorities (state and local militias) following the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830. The Cherokee removal in 1838 (the last forced removal east of the Mississippi) was brought on by the discovery of gold near Dahlonega, Georgia in 1828, resulting in the Georgia Gold Rush. Jackson had previously been ordered not to seize Cherokee land by the Supreme Court but had ignored the ruling.

The relocated peoples suffered from exposure, disease, and starvation while en route to their newly designated reserve. Thousands died before reaching their destinations or shortly after from disease.

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**Jackson permitted slaves to be whipped to increase productivity or if he believed his slaves' offenses were severe enough.

**At various times he posted advertisements for fugitive slaves who had escaped from his plantation. In one advertisement placed in the Tennessee Gazette in October 1804, Jackson offered "ten dollars extra, for every hundred lashes any person will give him, to the amount of three hundred."

**While in charge of New Orleans he banned all anti-slavery literature from the city and stated that abolitionists deserved to die.

*He engaged a man named Charles Dickinson in a gun duel after Dickinson made [[Defamation|defamatory]] statements about him in a newspaper. Jackson won the duel, killing Dickinson. His behavior in the duel outraged men in Tennessee, who called it a brutal, cold-blooded killing and saddled Jackson with a reputation as a violent, vengeful man. He became a social outcast.

*In the aftermath of the Battle of New Orleans, he refused to lift martial law, even unlawfully arresting a local judge who tried to get him to lift it via the use of a writ of ''habeas corpus''. There are also reports that he had ordered some surrendered enemy troops to be executed (which would be designated a war crime many years later.)

*During the First Seminole War, Jackson destroyed Negro Fort (which was serving as a refuge for freed black and Native American slaves) and forced all the survivors back into slavery.

*During the annexation of Florida, he had captured POWs executed, which President James Monroe claimed was a violation of the Constitution.

*Jackson's attempts to shut down the Bank of the United States caused an increase in inflation. Jackson's only solution to this was to pass a law banning people from using paper money to buy land, leading to an economic depression.

*Just after his inauguration, Jackson sacked 10% of government employees for no reason other than to use their positions to reward his supporters.

*During the Seminole War, Jackson issued orders to his troops to burn Seminole crops, target women and children and deploy savage dogs to hunt down the Seminole. After winning the war he proudly boasted that "the enemy is scattered all over the face of the earth, and at least one half must starve and die".

*Following his victory in the Creek War Jackson forced the Creek tribe to surrender 23 million acres of their territory - enough land to cover most of Alabama - to the federal government.

==Legacy==

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 The Trail of Tears was a series of forced relocations of approximately 60,000 Native Americans between 1830 and 1850 by the United States government. Members of the Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek), Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations (including thousands of their black slaves) were forcibly removed from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to areas to the west of the Mississippi River that had been designated as 'Indian Territory'.
-The forced relocations were carried out by government authorities (state and local militias) following the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830. The Cherokee removal in 1838 (the last forced removal east of the Mississippi) was brought on by the discovery of gold near Dahlonega, Georgia in 1828, resulting in the Georgia Gold Rush.
+The forced relocations were carried out by government authorities (state and local militias) following the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830. The Cherokee removal in 1838 (the last forced removal east of the Mississippi) was brought on by the discovery of gold near Dahlonega, Georgia in 1828, resulting in the Georgia Gold Rush. Jackson had previously been ordered not to seize Cherokee land by the Supreme Court but had ignored the ruling.
 The relocated peoples suffered from exposure, disease, and starvation while en route to their newly designated reserve. Thousands died before reaching their destinations or shortly after from disease.
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 **Jackson permitted slaves to be whipped to increase productivity or if he believed his slaves' offenses were severe enough.
 **At various times he posted advertisements for fugitive slaves who had escaped from his plantation. In one advertisement placed in the Tennessee Gazette in October 1804, Jackson offered "ten dollars extra, for every hundred lashes any person will give him, to the amount of three hundred."
+**While in charge of New Orleans he banned all anti-slavery literature from the city and stated that abolitionists deserved to die.
 *He engaged a man named Charles Dickinson in a gun duel after Dickinson made [[Defamation|defamatory]] statements about him in a newspaper. Jackson won the duel, killing Dickinson. His behavior in the duel outraged men in Tennessee, who called it a brutal, cold-blooded killing and saddled Jackson with a reputation as a violent, vengeful man. He became a social outcast.
 *In the aftermath of the Battle of New Orleans, he refused to lift martial law, even unlawfully arresting a local judge who tried to get him to lift it via the use of a writ of ''habeas corpus''. There are also reports that he had ordered some surrendered enemy troops to be executed (which would be designated a war crime many years later.)
 *During the First Seminole War, Jackson destroyed Negro Fort (which was serving as a refuge for freed black and Native American slaves) and forced all the survivors back into slavery.
 *During the annexation of Florida, he had captured POWs executed, which President James Monroe claimed was a violation of the Constitution.
+*Jackson's attempts to shut down the Bank of the United States caused an increase in inflation. Jackson's only solution to this was to pass a law banning people from using paper money to buy land, leading to an economic depression.
+*Just after his inauguration, Jackson sacked 10% of government employees for no reason other than to use their positions to reward his supporters.
+*During the Seminole War, Jackson issued orders to his troops to burn Seminole crops, target women and children and deploy savage dogs to hunt down the Seminole. After winning the war he proudly boasted that "the enemy is scattered all over the face of the earth, and at least one half must starve and die".
+*Following his victory in the Creek War Jackson forced the Creek tribe to surrender 23 million acres of their territory - enough land to cover most of Alabama - to the federal government.
 ==Legacy==