Benito Mussolini: Difference between revisions
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{{Villain Infobox|Image = | {{Villain Infobox|Image = Benito Mussolini colored.jpg | ||
|fullname = Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini | |fullname = Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini | ||
|alias = Mussolini<br>Il Duce<br>Europe's Soft Underbelly<br>The Leader<br>The Madman of Predappio<br>The Madman of Romagna | |alias = Mussolini<br>Il Duce<br>Europe's Soft Underbelly<br>The Leader<br>The Madman of Predappio<br>The Madman of Romagna | ||
|origin = Predappio, Kingdom of Italy | |origin = Predappio, Kingdom of Italy | ||
|occupation = Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Italy (1922 - 1943)<br>Leader of the [[Italian Social Republic]] (1943 - 1945) | |occupation = Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Italy (1922 - 1943)<br>Leader of the [[Italian Social Republic]] (1943 - 1945) | ||
|skills = High intelligence<br>Leadership<br>Manipulation<br>Intimidation<br>Charisma | |skills = High intelligence<br>Leadership<br>Manipulation<br>Intimidation<br>Charisma | ||
|goals = Remake the Roman Empire (partially succeeded but failed after Italy's defeat in WW2)<br>Aid Hitler (succeeded) | |goals = Remake the Roman Empire (partially succeeded but failed after Italy's defeat in WW2)<br>Aid Hitler (succeeded) | ||
|crimes = [[ | |crimes = [[Arson]]<br>Internment<br>Oppression<br>[[Kidnapping]]<br>[[Genocide]]<br>[[War crimes]]<br>[[Propaganda]]<br>[[Hate speech]]<br>Brainwashing<br>[[State terrorism]]<br>[[Mass murder]]<br>[[Ethnic cleansing]]<br>[[Discrimination]]<br>Racial segregation<br>[[Crimes against humanity]]<br>Human rights violations<br>[[Rape]]<br>[[Incest]] | ||
|type of villain = Fascist Dictator | |type of villain = Fascist Dictator | ||
|name=Evil-doer}} | |name=Evil-doer}} | ||
{{Quote|Believe, obey, fight.|Mussolini's demands of his people}} | {{Quote|Believe, obey, fight.|Mussolini's demands of his people}} | ||
'''Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini''' (July 29 | '''Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini''' (July 29, 1883 - April 28, 1945) was the dictator of Fascist Italy during [[World War II]]. Known as '''Il Duce''' ("The Boss"), Mussolini was the founder of Italian [[Fascism]]. He started a war with Ethiopia and invaded North Africa to expand the Italian Empire and allied himself with [[Adolf Hitler]] and [[Emperor Hirohito]] during the war, creating the [[Axis Powers]]. It is estimated that his death total was 2 million. | ||
Known as '''Il Duce''' ("The Boss"), Mussolini was the founder of Italian [[Fascism]]. He started a war with Ethiopia and invaded North Africa to expand the Italian Empire and allied himself with [[Adolf Hitler]] and [[Emperor Hirohito]] during the war, creating the [[Axis Powers]]. | |||
==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
=== Birth === | |||
[[File:Mussolini 1897.jpg|left|thumb|272x272px|Benito Mussolini as a child in 1897.]] | |||
Mussolini was born on 29 July 1883 in Dovia di Predappio, a small town in the province of Forlì in Romagna. Later, during the Fascist era, Predappio was dubbed "Duce's town" and Forlì was called "Duce's city", with pilgrims going to Predappio and Forlì to see the birthplace of Mussolini. | Mussolini was born on 29 July 1883 in Dovia di Predappio, a small town in the province of Forlì in Romagna. Later, during the Fascist era, Predappio was dubbed "Duce's town" and Forlì was called "Duce's city", with pilgrims going to Predappio and Forlì to see the birthplace of Mussolini. | ||
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Mussolini gained a reputation for bullying and fighting during his childhood. At age 10 he was expelled from a religious boarding school for stabbing a classmate in the hand, and another stabbing incident took place at his next school. | Mussolini gained a reputation for bullying and fighting during his childhood. At age 10 he was expelled from a religious boarding school for stabbing a classmate in the hand, and another stabbing incident took place at his next school. | ||
=== Serving in [[World War I|WW1]] === | |||
[[File:Mussolini bersagliere.jpg|left|thumb|235x235px|Benito Mussolini dressed as a bombard during [[World War I|World War 1]].]] | |||
He initially served in [[World War I]] beginning in 1915 and soon became a nationalist. Overall, he totaled about nine months of active, front-line trench warfare. During this time, he contracted paratyphoid fever. His military exploits ended in 1917 when he was wounded accidentally by the explosion of a mortar bomb in his trench. He was left with at least 40 shards of metal in his body. He was discharged from the hospital in August 1917. | He initially served in [[World War I]] beginning in 1915 and soon became a nationalist. Overall, he totaled about nine months of active, front-line trench warfare. During this time, he contracted paratyphoid fever. His military exploits ended in 1917 when he was wounded accidentally by the explosion of a mortar bomb in his trench. He was left with at least 40 shards of metal in his body. He was discharged from the hospital in August 1917. | ||
=== Creation of the [[National Fascist Party|NFP]] === | |||
He founded the [[National Fascist Party]] in 1919, galvanizing the support of unemployed war veterans he organised them into paramilitary [[death squad]]s known as the [[Blackshirts]] who antagonized his enemies, he was invited to join the coalition government in 1921, in 1922 as the government's grip on the populace slipped and chaos loomed, he and his Blackshirts marched on Rome, presenting himself as the one man to save Italy. On the match, his squads [[Arson|burned down]] the headquarters and homes of every member of both socialist and communist organizations. | He founded the [[National Fascist Party]] in 1919, galvanizing the support of unemployed war veterans he organised them into paramilitary [[death squad]]s known as the [[Blackshirts]] who antagonized his enemies, he was invited to join the coalition government in 1921, in 1922 as the government's grip on the populace slipped and chaos loomed, he and his Blackshirts marched on Rome, presenting himself as the one man to save Italy. On the match, his squads [[Arson|burned down]] the headquarters and homes of every member of both socialist and communist organizations. | ||
After that, he gradually overthrew the democratic system and turned Italy into a one-party | === Instituing a [[dictatorship]] === | ||
[[File:Benito Mussolini in the new session of Parliament.jpg|left|thumb|275x275px|Benito Mussolini in the new session of Parliament.]] | |||
After that, he gradually overthrew the democratic system and turned Italy into a one-party Fascist [[dictatorship]] with himself as its leader. He was [[Slavophobia|racist against Slavs]] and the Africans, although he also publicly said "Race is a feeling, not a reality. Nothing will ever make me believe that biologically pure races can be shown to exist today." When he became the leader of Italy he said that a small group of Jews have been in Italy since the days of the Roman Empire and "should remain undisturbed." Nevertheless, he adopted [[Anti-Semitism|anti-semitism]] when he introduced the "Manifesto of Race" which stripped the Jews of their Italian citizenship (despite multiple members of his own fascist party being Jewish) and prevented them from working in 1938, mostly due to heavy influence from [[Adolf Hitler]] and used his private militia (or Blackshirts) to police his country and enforce this ruling in areas that openly resisted, despite this the overall the enforcement of the Manifesto was relatively lax. | |||
He was also criticized by other European countries during his brutal conquest of Ethiopia in which he committed multiple [[war crimes]] such as using mustard gas, bombing red cross hospitals, executing prisoners without trial, leaving children to starve to death in concentration camps and committed the [[Yekatit 12]], a campaign of mass [[murder]] lead by his chief general, [[Rodolfo Graziani]], which resulted in the deaths and imprisoning of thousands of Ethiopians in [[Concentration Camp|concentration camps]]. He also executed the [[Pacification of Libya]], the [[Genocide|genocide]] of the Senussi people of Libya. The only country that supported him during his conquest was [[Nazi Germany]]. | He was also criticized by other European countries during his brutal conquest of Ethiopia in which he committed multiple [[war crimes]] such as using mustard gas, bombing red cross hospitals, executing prisoners without trial, leaving children to starve to death in concentration camps and committed the [[Yekatit 12]], a campaign of mass [[murder]] lead by his chief general, [[Rodolfo Graziani]], which resulted in the deaths and imprisoning of thousands of Ethiopians in [[Concentration Camp|concentration camps]]. He also executed the [[Pacification of Libya]], the [[Genocide|genocide]] of the Senussi people of Libya. The only country that supported him during his conquest was [[Nazi Party|Nazi Germany]]. | ||
All schools and universities had to swear an oath to the Fascist Party, and the media underwent a great amount of censorship. Newspaper editors were personally chosen by Mussolini himself, it was made illegal to practice Journalism without a certificate of approval from the Fascist party. Labour unions were deprived of their independence and placed in an integrated system, with the aim of being under the government's control. | All schools and universities had to swear an oath to the Fascist Party, and the media underwent a great amount of censorship. Newspaper editors were personally chosen by Mussolini himself, it was made illegal to practice Journalism without a certificate of approval from the Fascist party. Labour unions were deprived of their independence and placed in an integrated system, with the aim of being under the government's control. | ||
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Mussolini also provided military support for [[Francisco Franco]], during the Spanish Civil War, and act that severely damaged his reputation in England and France. When invading he had no qualms about kidnapping women and children and using them as hostages, as he did in Yugoslavia, along with other draconian measures such as summary execution and setting villages alight. Around 300,000 were killed in wars while under his rule. | Mussolini also provided military support for [[Francisco Franco]], during the Spanish Civil War, and act that severely damaged his reputation in England and France. When invading he had no qualms about kidnapping women and children and using them as hostages, as he did in Yugoslavia, along with other draconian measures such as summary execution and setting villages alight. Around 300,000 were killed in wars while under his rule. | ||
Realizing he was the weaker partner in his alliance with Hitler, Mussolini sought greater military conquest, with his goal of making the entire Mediterranean Italy's, as it had been in the Roman times. However although he successfully invaded Albania, causing the King to flee, his other invasions proved to be failures. He attempted to attack the British forces in Egypt, however, this soon failed and he was forced to ask Hitler for reinforcements. To try and recover from this embarrassment, he invaded Greece, but only six weeks later this also failed, and once again he was forced to ask Hitler for reinforcements. These failures were deeply embarrassing for Mussolini's image. | Realizing he was the weaker partner in his alliance with [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]], Mussolini sought greater military conquest, with his goal of making the entire Mediterranean Italy's, as it had been in the Roman times. However although he successfully invaded Albania, causing the King to flee, his other invasions proved to be failures. He attempted to attack the British forces in Egypt, however, this soon failed and he was forced to ask Hitler for reinforcements. To try and recover from this embarrassment, he invaded Greece, but only six weeks later this also failed, and once again he was forced to ask Hitler for reinforcements. These failures were deeply embarrassing for Mussolini's image. | ||
In 1943, following the Allied invasion, his party turned on him, however, Mussolini ignored the council when they voted him out of power, and continued to until he was summoned before King Victor Emmanuel III and publically arrested. In September Italy was practically occupied by the Germans, who rescued Mussolini and kept him as a figurehead leader of the [[Italian Social Republic]]. | === Role in [[World War II|WW2]] === | ||
In 1943, following the Allied invasion, his party turned on him, however, Mussolini ignored the council when they voted him out of power, and continued to until he was summoned before [[Victor Emmanuel III|King Victor Emmanuel III]] and publically arrested. In September Italy was practically occupied by the Germans, who rescued Mussolini and kept him as a figurehead leader of the [[Italian Social Republic]]. | |||
Mussolini's new regime faced numerous territorial losses: in addition to losing the Italian lands held by the Allies and Badoglio's government, the provinces of Bolzano, Belluno and Trento were placed under German administration in the Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills, while the provinces of Udine, Gorizia, Trieste, Pola (now Pula), Fiume (now Rijeka) and Ljubljana (Lubiana in Italian) were incorporated into the German Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral. In addition, the German army occupied the Dalmatian provinces of Split (Spalato) and Kotor (Cattaro), which were subsequently annexed by [[Ustaše|the Croatian fascist regime]]. Italy's gains in Greece and Albania were also lost to Germany, with the exception of the Italian Aegean Islands, which remained nominally under RSI rule. | Mussolini's new regime faced numerous territorial losses: in addition to losing the Italian lands held by the Allies and Badoglio's government, the provinces of Bolzano, Belluno and Trento were placed under German administration in the Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills, while the provinces of Udine, Gorizia, Trieste, Pola (now Pula), Fiume (now Rijeka) and Ljubljana (Lubiana in Italian) were incorporated into the German Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral. In addition, the German army occupied the Dalmatian provinces of Split (Spalato) and Kotor (Cattaro), which were subsequently annexed by [[Ustaše|the Croatian fascist regime]]. Italy's gains in Greece and Albania were also lost to Germany, with the exception of the Italian Aegean Islands, which remained nominally under RSI rule. | ||
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On 29 April 1945, the bodies of Mussolini, Petacci, and the other executed Fascists were loaded into a van and moved south to Milan. At 3:00 am, the corpses were dumped on the ground in the old Piazzale Loreto. The piazza had been renamed "Piazza Quindici Martiri" in honor of fifteen anti-Fascists recently executed there. | On 29 April 1945, the bodies of Mussolini, Petacci, and the other executed Fascists were loaded into a van and moved south to Milan. At 3:00 am, the corpses were dumped on the ground in the old Piazzale Loreto. The piazza had been renamed "Piazza Quindici Martiri" in honor of fifteen anti-Fascists recently executed there. | ||
After being kicked and spat upon, the bodies were hung upside down from the roof of an Esso gas station. The bodies were then [[Stoning|stoned]] from below by civilians. This was done both to discourage any Fascists from continuing the fight, and as an act of revenge for the hanging of many partisans in the same place by Axis authorities. The corpse of the deposed leader was subject to ridicule and abuse. After his death and the display of his corpse in Milan, Mussolini was buried in an unmarked grave in the Musocco cemetery, to the north of the city. | After being kicked and spat upon, the bodies were hung upside down from the roof of an Esso gas station. The bodies were then [[Stoning|stoned]] from below by civilians. This was done both to discourage any Fascists from continuing the fight, and as an act of revenge for the hanging of many partisans in the same place by [[Axis Powers|Axis]] authorities. The corpse of the deposed leader was subject to ridicule and abuse. After his death and the display of his corpse in Milan, Mussolini was buried in an unmarked grave in the Musocco cemetery, to the north of the city. | ||
==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
===Images=== | ===Images=== | ||
<gallery> | <gallery mode="nolines" widths="220" heights="220" perrow="4"> | ||
Mussolini biografia.jpg | File:Mussolini biografia.jpg|Portrait of Benito Mussolini. | ||
File:Benito Mussolini 1900.jpg|1900, a young Benito Mussolini. | |||
File:Benito Mussolini mugshot 1903.jpg|1903, Benito Mussolini's mugshot. | |||
File:Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler.jpg|Benito Mussolini and [[Adolf Hitler]]. | |||
File:Mussolini ferito 1.jpg|Benito Mussolini with a wound on his nose. | |||
File:Bust of Benito Mussolini. Paolo Trubetskoy. 1926. Verbania.png|Bust of Benito Mussolini. | |||
File:Benito Mussolini Time cover 1923.jpg|Drawing of Benito Mussolini on the ''"Time"'' magazine. | |||
File:Benito Mussolini Signature.png|Benito Mussolini's signature. | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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<youtube width=384 height=216>uSuO2oOwZq4</youtube> | <youtube width=384 height=216>uSuO2oOwZq4</youtube> | ||
<youtube width=384 height=216>Um6s_bbmfbA</youtube> | <youtube width=384 height=216>Um6s_bbmfbA</youtube> | ||
<youtube width=384 height=216>https://youtu.be/zkHDDzynA6I</YouTube> | |||
<youtube width=384 height=216>hdajEOYKW-A</YouTube> | |||
[[Category:List]] | [[Category:List]] | ||
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[[Category:Control Freaks]] | |||
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[[Category:Evil vs. Evil]] | [[Category:Evil vs. Evil]] | ||
[[Category:Honorable Villains]] | [[Category:Honorable Villains]] | ||
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[[Category:Wealthy]] | [[Category:Wealthy]] | ||
[[Category:Villains of World War 1]] | [[Category:Villains of World War 1]] | ||
[[Category:God Wannabe]] | [[Category:God Wannabe]] | ||
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[[Category:Psychopath]] | [[Category:Psychopath]] | ||
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[[Category:Provoker]] | [[Category:Provoker]] | ||
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[[Category:Muses]] | [[Category:Muses]] | ||
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[[Category:Bully]] | [[Category:Bully]] | ||
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[[Category:Eco Destroyer]] | [[Category:Eco Destroyer]] | ||
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[[Category:Early Modern Villains]] | [[Category:Early Modern Villains]] | ||
[[Category:Vocal Villains]] | [[Category:Vocal Villains]] | ||
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[[Category:Weapon Dealer]] | [[Category:Weapon Dealer]] | ||
[[Category:Blackmailers]] | [[Category:Blackmailers]] | ||
[[Category:Extortionists]] | [[Category:Extortionists]] | ||
[[Category:Dark Messiah]] | [[Category:Dark Messiah]] | ||
[[Category:Irony]] | [[Category:Irony]] | ||
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