Editing Carl Clauberg (section)

==Biography==
Carl Clauberg was born in 1898 in Wupperhof (now part of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solingen Solingen]), [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhine_Province Rhine Province], into a family of craftsmen. During [[World War I]], he served as an infantryman. After the war he studied medicine and eventually reached the rank of chief doctor in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiel_University University] gynaecological clinic in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiel Kiel]. He joined the [[Nazi Party]] in 1933 and later on was appointed professor of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynaecology gynaecology] at the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_K%C3%B6nigsberg University of Königsberg]. He carried out research on female fertility hormones (particularly [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone progesterone]) and their application as infertility treatments, obtaining a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habilitation Habilitation] for this work in 1937.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Clauberg#cite_note-1 [1]]</sup> He received the rank of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer SS-Gruppenführer] of the Reserve.

In 1942 he approached [[Heinrich Himmler]] (who knew of him through his treatment of the wife of a senior ''[[Schutzstaffel]]'' officer<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Clauberg#cite_note-2 [2]]</sup>) and asked him to give him an opportunity to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sterilization_%28surgical_procedure%29 sterilize] women ''en masse'' for his experiments. Himmler agreed and Clauberg moved to Auschwitz concentration camp in December 1942. Part of the Block number 10 in the main camp became his laboratory. Clauberg looked for an easy and cheap way to sterilize women. He injected [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaldehyde formaldehyde] preparations into their [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterus uteruses] - without [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthetics anesthetics]. All of his test subjects were [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jew Jewish] women who suffered permanent damage and serious infections. Some of the subjects died because of the tests. Estimates of those who survived but were sterilized are around 700.

When the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Army Red Army] approached the camp, Clauberg moved to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravensbr%C3%BCck_concentration_camp Ravensbrück concentration camp] to continue his experiments on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_%28Romani_subgroup%29 Roma] women. Soviet troops captured him there in 1945.

After the war in 1948 Clauberg was put on trial in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union Soviet Union] and received 25 years. Seven years later he was released in the framework of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoners_of_war prisoners of war] exchange between the Soviet Union and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Germany West Germany] and returned to West Germany, where he was reinstated at his former clinic based on his prewar scientific output. Bizarre behavior, including openly boasting of his "achievements" in "developing a new sterilization technique at the Auschwitz concentration camp", destroyed any chance he might have had of staying unnoticed. After public outcry from groups of survivors, Clauberg was arrested in 1955 and was put on trial. He died of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_arrest heart attack] in his cell before the trial could start.
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