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| '''Psychopaths''' are people who have suffer from a constellation of traits, particularly Cluster B personality disorders which are [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder antisocial personality disorder], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder borderline personality disorder], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissistic_personality_disorder narcissistic personality disorder]. Psychopaths typically display characteristics of all these three personalities, plus they may also, in addition, display [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoid_personality_disorder paranoid] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadistic_personality_disorder sadistic] traits. | | '''Psychopaths''' are people who suffer from a constellation of traits, particularly Cluster B personality disorders which are [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder antisocial personality disorder], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder borderline personality disorder], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissistic_personality_disorder narcissistic personality disorder]. Psychopaths typically display characteristics of all these three personalities, plus they may also, in addition, display [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoid_personality_disorder paranoid] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadistic_personality_disorder sadistic] traits. |
| ==PCL-R model of psychopathy==
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| The PCL-R is used for indicating a dimensional score, or a categorical diagnosis, of psychopathy for clinical, legal or research purposes. The different factors correlate with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder borderline personality disorder], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissistic_personality_disorder narcissistic personality disorder], and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder antisocial personality disorder]. It is rated by a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health_professional mental health professional] (such as a psychologist or other professional trained in the field of mental health, psychology, or psychiatry), using 20 items. Each of the items in the PCL-R is scored on a three-point scale according to specific criteria through file information and a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-structured_interview semi-structured interview]. A value of 0 is assigned if the item does not apply, 1 if it applies somewhat, and 2 if it fully applies. In addition to lifestyle and criminal behavior the checklist assesses:
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| *glib and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superficial_charm superficial charm],
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandiosity grandiosity]
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| *need for stimulation
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| *pathological lying
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| *cunning and manipulating,
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| *lack of remorse
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| *callousness
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| *poor behavioral controls
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| *impulsiveness
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| *irresponsibility
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| *denial
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| *parasitic lifestyle
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| *sexual promiscuity
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| *early behavior problems
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| *lack of realistic long-term goals
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| *failure to accept responsibility for own actions
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| *many short-term marital relationships
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| *juvenile delinquency
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| *revocation of conditional release
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| *criminal versatility
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| The scores are used to predict risk for criminal re-offense and probability of rehabilitation.
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| The current edition of the PCL-R officially lists three factors (1.a, 1.b, and 2.a), which summarize the 20 assessed areas via [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_analysis factor analysis]. The PCL-R is used for indicating a dimensional score, or a categorical diagnosis, of psychopathy for clinical, legal or research purposes. It is rated by a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_health_professional mental health professional] (such as a psychologist or other professional trained in the field of mental health, psychology, or psychiatry), using 20 items. Each of the items in the PCL-R is scored on a three-point scale according to specific criteria through file information and a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-structured_interview semi-structured interview]. A value of 0 is assigned if the item does not apply, 1 if it applies somewhat, and 2 if it fully applies. In addition to lifestyle and criminal behavior the checklist assesses:
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| *glib and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superficial_charm superficial charm],
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandiosity grandiosity]
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| *need for stimulation
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| *pathological lying
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| *cunning and manipulating,
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| *lack of remorse
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| *callousness
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| *poor behavioral controls
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| *impulsiveness
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| *irresponsibility
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| *denial
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| *parasitic lifestyle
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| *sexual promiscuity
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| *early behavior problems
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| *lack of realistic long-term goals
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| *failure to accept responsibility for own actions
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| *many short-term marital relationships
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| *juvenile delinquency
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| *revocation of conditional release
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| *criminal versatility
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| The scores are used to predict risk for criminal re-offense and probability of rehabilitation.
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| The current edition of the PCL-R officially lists three factors (1.a, 1.b, and 2.a), which summarize the 20 assessed areas via [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_analysis factor analysis]. The previous edition of the PCL-R listed two factors. Factor 1 is labelled "selfish, callous and remorseless use of others". Factor 2 is labelled as "chronically unstable, antisocial and socially deviant lifestyle". There is a high risk of recidivism and mostly small likelihood of rehabilitation for those who are labelled as having "psychopathy" on the basis of the PCL-R ratings in the manual for the test, although treatment research is ongoing.
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| PCL-R Factors 1a and 1b are correlated with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissistic_personality_disorder narcissistic personality disorder]. They are associated with extraversion and positive affect. Factor 1, the so-called core personality traits of psychopathy, may even be beneficial for the psychopath (in terms of nondeviant social functioning).
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| PCL-R Factors 2a and 2b are particularly strongly correlated to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder antisocial personality disorder] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder borderline personality disorder] and are associated with reactive anger, criminality, and impulsive violence. The target group for the PCL-R in prisons in some countries is criminals convicted of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delict delict] and/or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felony felony]. The quality of ratings may depend on how much background information is available and whether the person rated is honest and forthright.
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| ==Psychopathy Checklist-Revised: Factors, Facets, and Items==
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| ==='''Factor 1'''===
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| ===''Facet 1: Interpersonal''===
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| *Glibness/[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superficial_charm superficial charm]
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| *Grandiose sense of self-worth
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudologia_fantastica Pathological lying]
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| *Cunning/[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_manipulation manipulative]
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| ===''Facet 2: Affective''===
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| *Lack of remorse or guilt
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| *Emotionally shallow
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| *Callous/lack of empathy
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| *Failure to accept responsibility for own actions
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| ==='''Factor 2'''===
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| ===''Facet 3: Lifestyle''===
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| *Need for stimulation/proneness to boredom
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| *Parasitic lifestyle
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| *Lack of realistic, long-term goals
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulsivity Impulsivity]
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| *Irresponsibility
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| ===''Facet 4: Antisocial''===
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| *Poor behavioral controls
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| *Early behavioral problems
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juvenile_delinquency Juvenile delinquency]
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| *Revocation of conditional release
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criminal Criminal] versatility
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| ==='''Other Items'''===
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| *Many short-term marital relationships
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| *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promiscuity Promiscuous] sexual behavior
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| [[Category:Mentally Ill]] | | [[Category:Mentally Ill]] |
| [[Category:Arrogant Villains]] | | [[Category:Arrogant]] |
| [[Category:Liars]] | | [[Category:Liars]] |
| [[Category:Charismatic villiains]] | | [[Category:Charismatic]] |
| [[Category:Faux Affably Evil]] | | [[Category:Faux Affably Evil]] |
| [[Category:Egotist]] | | [[Category:Egotist]] |
| [[Category:Emotionless Villains]]
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