Editing Don Black

{{Important}}
{{Villain_Infobox
|Image = Don Black.jpg
|fullname = Stephen Donald Black
|alias = Don Black
|origin = Athens, Alabama, United States
|occupation = Grand Wizard of the [[Ku Klux Klan|Knights of the Ku Klux Klan]] (1980 - 1981)
|type of villain = White Supremacist 
|goals = Spread his white supremacist beliefs (failed)
|crimes = [[Racism]]<br>[[Hate speech]]<br>[[Holocaust denial]]<br>[[Anti-Semitism]]<br>[[Arms trafficking]]<br>[[Xenophobia]]<br>[[Propaganda]]<br>[[Negrophobia]]<br>[[Homophobia]]<br>[[Misogyny]]<br>[[Sexism]]<br>[[Discrimination]]<br>[[Anti-Native American Sentiment]]<br>[[Islamophobia]]
|hobby = Spreading racist propaganda}}
{{Quote|We want to take America back. We know a multicultural Yugoslav nation can't hold up for too long. Whites won't have any choice but to take military action. It's our children we have to defend.|Don Black calling for a race war in an interview with the ''Miami New Times''.}}

'''Don Black''' (born '''Stephen Donald Black''' on July 28<sup>th</sup>, 1953) is an American white nationalist and [[white supremacy|white supremacist]]. He is the founder, and current webmaster, of the ''[[Stormfront (website)|Stormfront]]'' internet forum.<ref>[https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/stormfront Stormfront], Southern Poverty Law Center</ref>

He was a Grand Wizard of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan for a few years in the 1980's (succeeding [[David Duke]], a good friend of his) and a member of the [[American Nazi Party]] in the 1970s. He was convicted in 1981 for attempted armed overthrow of the Dominican government (known infamously as [[Operation Red Dog]]) in violation of the U.S. Neutrality Act.<ref name = reddog>[https://allthatsinteresting.com/operation-red-dog Inside Operation Red Dog, The Bizarre And Disastrous KKK Plot To Take Over A Caribbean Nation], ''All That's Interesting''</ref> In 1997 his telephone number was connected with the racial harassment of a black woman, but is disputed by Black himself.

==Biography==
===Early years===
Black was born in Athens, Alabama, and became a white supremacy advocate at an early age when he began passing out racist newspapers ''White Power'' and the ''Thunderbolt'' at his high school, Madison Academy. This led to a decision by the local school board to ban the distribution of political literature. Black countered by mailing literature to student addresses obtained from school handbooks.<ref name = SPLC>[https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/don-black Don Black], Southern Poverty Law Center</ref>

In the summer of 1970, after his junior year at Athens High School, Black traveled to Savannah, Georgia, to work on the gubernatorial campaign of [[J.B Stoner]], a notorious Klansman and leader of the [[National States' Rights Party]] (NSRP). It was in this election that Jimmy Carter won the Georgia governorship. Black was asked to obtain a copy of the NSRP membership list by Robert Lloyd, a leader of the National Socialist White People's Party, formerly known as the American Nazi Party. At the time, Black was a member of the Party's youth branch, the National Socialist Youth Movement.<ref name = SPLC></ref>

Also working on the Stoner campaign was Jerry Ray, brother of Martin Luther King's assassin [[James Earl Ray]]. On July 25, 1970, Jerry Ray shot Black (who was 16 at the time) in the chest with a .38-caliber hollow-point bullet to stop him from taking files from Stoner's campaign office. Ray was acquitted of all charges, saying he shot in self-defense after Black reached for what appeared to be a weapon.<ref name = SPLC></ref>

Black finished his senior year at Madison Academy (Alabama), a private school in Huntsville. Then after high school, Black graduated from the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa in 1975

===The KKK and Operation Red Dog===
Black joined the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan in 1975, one year after David Duke took over the organization. He moved to Birmingham to become the group's state organizer. After the resignation of Duke in 1978, Black became Grand Wizard, or national director, of the Klan. In 1979, he ran for mayor of Birmingham, receiving 2.5% of the vote. Richard Arrington, Jr. won the mayoral election, becoming Birmingham's first African American mayor.

On April 27, 1981, Black and nine other would-be mercenaries – many recruited from Klan affiliated organizations – were arrested in New Orleans as they prepared to board a boat stocked with weapons and ammunition to invade the island nation Dominica in what they would call Operation Red Dog. Local media labeled the botched attempt the "Bayou of Pigs", a play on words for the unsuccessful 1961 "Bay of Pigs Invasion" of Cuba.<ref name = reddog></ref>

Black later explained the invasion as an attempt to set up an anti-communist regime, saying, "What we were doing was in the best interests of the United States and its security in the hemisphere, and we feel betrayed by our own government," The invasion was intended to restore former prime minister Patrick John to the mostly black Caribbean island. Prosecutors said the real purpose for the invasion would have been to set up tourism, gambling, offshore banking, and timber logging operations on the impoverished island.

In 1981, Black was sentenced to three years in prison for his role in the attempted invasion and his violation of the Neutrality Act. Black, Federal Bureau of Prisons #16692-034, was released on November 15, 1984. During his time in federal prison Black took computer programming classes which led him to establish ''Stormfront'' on the Internet years later.

He ran for office in Alabama, this time as a Populist Party US Senate candidate.<ref name = SPLC></ref>

===Recent activities===
In 1995, Black founded ''Stormfront'', which was the Internet's first major racial hate site. It remains one of the most popular online resources for those drawn to racist ideologies. The site featured the writings of [[William Luther Pierce]] and David Duke as well as works by the Institute for Historical Review and the Culture of Critique series. Initially, along with these articles, ''Stormfront'' housed a library of white pride, neo-[[Nazi]] and [[White Power Skinheads|white power skinhead]] graphics for downloading, and a number of links to other white nationalist websites.

In a 1998 interview for the alternative weekly newspaper ''Miami New Times'', Black was quoted as saying "We want to take America back. We know a multicultural Yugoslav nation can't hold up for too long. Whites won't have any choice but to take military action. It's our children whose interests we have to defend."

In 1999, Black created the website "martinlutherking.org", which is administered by ''Stormfront''. This website was created to malign the character of Dr King. In January 2018, the site remained online and surpassed sites containing reliable content in Google search results.<ref>[https://www.thedailybeast.com/martinlutherkingorg-is-owned-by-neo-nazis MartinLutherKing.Org is Owned by Neo-Nazis], ''The Daily Beast''</ref>

In December 2007, Black gained attention for donating money to Ron Paul's 2008 presidential run.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/26/us/politics/ron-paul-disowns-extremists-views-but-doesnt-disavow-the-support.html Paul Disowns Extremists’ Views but Doesn’t Disavow the Support], ''The New York Times''</ref>

In 2008, Black said that the establishment of white pride as a special interest group within the Republican Party is crucial. Asked by an interviewer for Italian newspaper ''la Repubblica'' if ''Stormfront'' was not just the new Ku Klux Klan, Black responded affirmatively, though he noted that he would never say so to an American journalist.

On May 5, 2009 it was announced that Black was one of 22 on a British Home Office list of individuals banned from entering the United Kingdom for "promoting serious criminal activity and fostering hatred that might lead to inter-community violence".<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/may/05/list-of-people-banned-from-britain  Home Office ‘names and shames’ 16 people banned from UK], ''The Guardian''</ref>

The ''Stormfront'' forum acts as one of the largest online gatherings of Holocaust deniers in the world, with hundreds of thousands of views on threads about revising [[World War II]] history. A number of radio shows published by Black's web site have featured Holocaust denial themes.
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