Editing Dragutin Dimitrijević

{{Villain_Infobox 
|Image =Dragutin dimitrijevic apis.jpg
|fullname = Dragutin Dimitrijević
|alias = Apis<br>The Savior of the Fatherland
|origin = Belgrade, Serbia 
|occupation = Leader of [[Black Hand]]
|type of villain = Terrorist
|goals = Kill King Alexander I of Serbia (successful)<br>Establish a "Greater Serbian state" (failed)
|crimes = [[Murder]]<br>[[War crimes]]<br>High treason<br>[[Genocide]]
|hobby = 
}}'''Dragutin Dimitrijević''' (17 August 1876 - 27 June 1917) was a Serbian soldier. He was a leading member of a military group that organized the [[May Coup|overthrow of the Serbian government]] in 1903. He personally participated in the murders of King Alexander and his wife Queen Draga. He was also the leader of the [[Black Hand]] group implicated with [[assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand]] of Austria in June 1914. The latter triggered the July Crisis which led to the outbreak of [[World War I|First World War]].
==Biography==
Dragutin Dimitrijević was born in Belgrade, Principality of Serbia, on 19 August 1876 to an Aromanian family. His father and two brothers were often away working as tinsmiths and he grew up with his two older sisters in Niš. 

At the age of nine, his father died. After Dimitrijević's oldest sister married, the family moved back to Belgrade where, at the age of 16, Dimitrijević attended the Lyceum of the Principality of Serbia followed the Belgrade Military Academy as a cadet in 1892. Because of his strong physique and energy, his fellow cadets called him "Apis", a reference to the Egyptian bull-god by that name. Dimitrijević finished the Academy's lower school as sixth in his class in 1896. 

Two years later, he enrolled in the higher school. A brilliant student, upon graduation, he was assigned to the General staff of the Serbian Army, an indication that his superiors held him in high regard.

In 1901 Dimitrijević participated in the organisation of the first failed attempt to murder the unpopular and pro-Austrian King Alexander, on 11 June 1903 the plotters succeeded when Dimitrijević and a group of junior stormed the royal palace and killed King Alexander, his wife, Queen Draga and three others. During the attack, Dimitrijević was shot three times, and the bullets were never removed from his body.

Following the popular regicide, the Serbian Parliament described Dimitrijević as "the saviour of the fatherland". After various commands and staff positions he taught tactics at the Belgrade Military Academy. Around 1906 Dimitrijević visited Russia and Germany, where he learned the language and studied the latest military programs. In 1911 he helped founding ''Ujedinjenje ili Smrt'' (Unification or Death), commonly known as the Black Hand, a conspiratorial network supporting the formation of a Greater Serbian state. Dimitrijević, who used the code name Apis, became the leader of the Black Hand.

Dimitrijević's main objective was the liberation and unification of all Serb populated regions under Ottoman or Austro-Hungarian rule, this became more urgent after the monarchy annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908 provoking the Bosnian Crisis. Austrian officials regarded the aspirations of Pan-Serbs as a significant threat to the Hapsburg Empire. 

During the Balkan Wars in 1912 and 1913, Dimitrijević took no part in the fighting. Dimitrijević had his men disguise as Albanians and commit political murders. In 1913 Dimitrijević was appointed chief of general staff intelligence in the Serbian army.

In 1911, Dimitrijević had organised an attempt to assassinate the Austrian Emperor Franz Josef. In early 1914 after finding out that three young Bosnian Serb students, lead by nineteen year old [[Gavrilo Princip]], were plotting to assassinate the heir to the Franz Ferdinand during his upcoming visit to Sarajevo, the Black Hand provided the conspirators with weapons and training in Belgrade. The support came from railways employee [[Milan Ciganović]], a Black Hand member, with the presumable approval of Dimitrijević.

According to historian Christopher Clark, it is possible that Ciganović had been informing Serbian Prime Minister Nikola Pašić about the plot, but this speculation rests on indirect evidence. It is however believed that, after being warned of the presence of Bosnian terrorists, Pašić gave instructions for the arrest of young Bosnians who attempted to cross back into Bosnia. However, his orders were not implemented, and the three men arrived in what was then known as the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina, where they joined forces with fellow conspirators recruited by Princip's former roommate [[Danilo Ilić]], Veljko and [[Vaso Čubrilović]], [[Muhamed Mehmedbašić]], [[Cvjetko Popović]] and [[Miško Jovanović]]. On 28 June 1914 Princip mortally wounded Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg.

On 23 July 1914, the Austro-Hungarian government sent its July Ultimatum to the Serbian government with a lengthy list of ten different demands. In his response on 25 July 1914, Pašić, accepted all the points of the ultimatum except the sixth, which demanded for Serbia to allow an Austrian delegation to participate in a criminal investigation against those participants in the conspiracy that were in Serbia. Three days later, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. In 1916, Dimitrijević was promoted to colonel shortly before his arrest on charge of high treason.

Pašić decided to get rid of the most prominent members of the Black Hand, which had officially disbanded. Dimitrijević and several of his military colleagues were arrested in December 1916 and tried on charges blaming them with attempted assassination of Regent [[Alexander I of Yugoslavia]] in September 1916. On 23 May 1917, following the Salonika Trial, Dimitrijević was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. A month later, on 24 June 1917, he was executed by firing squad.

[[Category:List]]
[[Category:Male]]
[[Category:Terrorists]]
[[Category:Leader]]
[[Category:Execution]]
[[Category:Modern Villains]]
[[Category:Villains of World War 1]]
[[Category:Deceased]]
[[Category:European Villains]]
[[Category:Military]]
[[Category:Serbia]]
[[Category:Anarchist]]
[[Category:Murderer]]
[[Category:Assassins]]
[[Category:Military]]
[[Category:Extremists]]
[[Category:War Criminal]]
[[Category:Jingoists]]
[[Category:Traitor]]
[[Category:Destroyer of Innocence]]