Ethnic cleansing: Difference between revisions

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**Another Nazi program of ethnic cleansing was ''[[Generalplan Ost]]'', the Nazi Party's plan to colonize Eastern and Central Europe in order to create living space (''Lebensraum'') for German citizens. The plan would have involved the expulsion and genocide of most Slavic people in Europe, and though it was never ''fully'' implemented, the campaign did lead to the deaths of millions by shootings, starvation, disease, extermination through labor, and genocide during World War II.

*Ethnic cleansing was widespread during the [[Yugoslav Wars]], particularly during the [[Bosnian War]]. Pro-Serbian forces largely targeted Croats and Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), with a total combined 1,760,000 Croats and Bosniaks being internally displaced. [[War crimes]] were common, and included extrajudicial [[murder]], [[torture]], and [[rape]].

**Ethnic cleansing also occurred during the Croatian War of Independence, most notably as part of [[Operation Storm]], the Croatian Army's final major offensive during the war. The goal of Operation Storm was the removal of Serbian military forces from Croatia, but Serbian civilians were targeted as well. According to the European Union, Operation Storm was "the most efficient ethnic cleansing campaign of the Yugoslav Wars". Some Serbian authorities have claimed that Operation Storm should be considered genocide, but the International Court of Justice refuted this claim in 2015.

**Ethnic cleansing also occurred during the [[Croatian War of Independence]], most notably as part of [[Operation Storm]], the Croatian Army's final major offensive during the war. The goal of Operation Storm was the removal of Serbian military forces from Croatia, but Serbian civilians were targeted as well. According to the European Union, Operation Storm was "the most efficient ethnic cleansing campaign of the Yugoslav Wars". Some Serbian authorities have claimed that Operation Storm should be considered genocide, but the International Court of Justice refuted this claim in 2015.

*[[Joseph Stalin]] ordered multiple ethnic cleansing campaigns during his tenure as leader of the Soviet Union. These mostly consisted of forced deportation of a majority of social and racial groups in the Soviet Union to Gulags or forced labor camps. Groups targeted included Kulaks, Poles, Koreans, Balkans, Tatars, Turks, Germans, Karachais, Chechens, and Kalmyks. In total, nearly 1,200,000 individuals were internally displaced, deported, exiled, or killed in Stalin's ethnic cleansing campaigns.

**[[The Holodomor]] is another extreme example. It is considered by many historians as a genocidal famine perpetrated on the orders of Stalin that involved widespread ethnic cleansing of ethnic Ukrainians in Soviet Ukraine. Food and grain were forcibly seized from villages, internal borders between Soviet Ukraine and the Russian SSR were sealed to prevent population movement; movement was also restricted between villages and urban centers. Stalin's destruction of ethnic Ukrainians also extended to a wide-scale purge of Ukrainian intelligentsia, political elite and Party officials before and after the famine. A ban on the Ukrainian language and widespread Russification was also instilled. An estimated 2.5 to 8 million Ukrainians were exterminated in the famine. After liquidation, Stalin repopulated the territory with ethnic Russians.

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 **Another Nazi program of ethnic cleansing was ''[[Generalplan Ost]]'', the Nazi Party's plan to colonize Eastern and Central Europe in order to create living space (''Lebensraum'') for German citizens. The plan would have  involved the expulsion and genocide of most Slavic people in Europe, and though it was never ''fully'' implemented, the campaign did lead to the deaths of millions by shootings, starvation, disease, extermination through labor, and genocide during World War II.
 *Ethnic cleansing was widespread during the [[Yugoslav Wars]], particularly during the [[Bosnian War]]. Pro-Serbian forces largely targeted Croats and Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), with a total combined 1,760,000 Croats and Bosniaks being internally displaced. [[War crimes]] were common, and included extrajudicial [[murder]], [[torture]], and [[rape]].
-**Ethnic cleansing also occurred during the Croatian War of Independence, most notably as part of [[Operation Storm]], the Croatian Army's final major offensive during the war. The goal of Operation Storm was the removal of Serbian military forces from Croatia, but Serbian civilians were targeted as well. According to the European Union, Operation Storm was "the most efficient ethnic cleansing campaign of the Yugoslav Wars". Some Serbian authorities have claimed that Operation Storm should be considered genocide, but the International Court of Justice refuted this claim in 2015.
+**Ethnic cleansing also occurred during the [[Croatian War of Independence]], most notably as part of [[Operation Storm]], the Croatian Army's final major offensive during the war. The goal of Operation Storm was the removal of Serbian military forces from Croatia, but Serbian civilians were targeted as well. According to the European Union, Operation Storm was "the most efficient ethnic cleansing campaign of the Yugoslav Wars". Some Serbian authorities have claimed that Operation Storm should be considered genocide, but the International Court of Justice refuted this claim in 2015.
 *[[Joseph Stalin]] ordered multiple ethnic cleansing campaigns during his tenure as leader of the Soviet Union. These mostly consisted of forced deportation of a majority of social and racial groups in the Soviet Union to Gulags or forced labor camps. Groups targeted included Kulaks, Poles, Koreans, Balkans, Tatars, Turks, Germans, Karachais, Chechens, and Kalmyks. In total, nearly 1,200,000 individuals were internally displaced, deported, exiled, or killed in Stalin's ethnic cleansing campaigns.
 **[[The Holodomor]] is another extreme example. It is considered by many historians as a genocidal famine perpetrated on the orders of Stalin that involved widespread ethnic cleansing of ethnic Ukrainians in Soviet Ukraine. Food and grain were forcibly seized from villages, internal borders between Soviet Ukraine and the Russian SSR were sealed to prevent population movement; movement was also restricted between villages and urban centers. Stalin's destruction of ethnic Ukrainians also extended to a wide-scale purge of Ukrainian intelligentsia, political elite and Party officials before and after the famine. A ban on the Ukrainian language and widespread Russification was also instilled. An estimated 2.5 to 8 million Ukrainians were exterminated in the famine. After liquidation, Stalin repopulated the territory with ethnic Russians.