Grey Wolves: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Grey_Wolves_logo.jpg|thumb|173px|Logo of the Grey Wolves]]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">The </span>'''Grey Wolves'''<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> (</span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language Turkish]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">: </span><span lang="tr" style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">''Bozkurtlar''</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">),</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> officially known as </span>'''Ülkü Ocakları'''<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> (</span>Turkish:<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> "Idealist Clubs" or "Idealist Hearths"), is a </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_nationalist Turkish nationalist]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> organization. It is variously described as ultra-nationalist or </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-fascism neo-fascist]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">. A youth organization with close links to the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party Nationalist Movement Party]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> (MHP),</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> it has been described as MHP's paramilitary or militant wing.</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> Its members deny its political nature and claim it to be a cultural and education foundation,</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> which is expressed in its full official name: </span>'''Ülkü Ocakları Eğitim ve Kültür Vakfı'''<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> (Idealist Clubs Educational and Cultural Foundation).</span>
[[File:Grey_Wolves_logo.jpg|thumb|173px|Logo of the Grey Wolves]]


<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">Established by Colonel </span><span style="font-size:14px;line-height:17px;">[http://real-life-villains.wikia.com/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F Alparslan Türkeş]</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> in late 1960s, it rose to prominence in </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_violence_in_Turkey_(1976%E2%80%9380) late 1970s political violence in Turkey]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> when its members engaged in </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_guerrilla_warfare urban guerrilla warfare]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> with left-wing activists and militants. Scholars have described it as a </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_squad death squad]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, responsible for most of the violence and killings in this period. Their most notorious attack, which killed over 100 </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alevi Alevis]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, took place in</span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mara%C5%9F_massacre Maraş in December 1978]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">. They are also alleged to have been behind the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksim_Square_massacre Taksim Square massacre]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> on May day, 1977. The masterminds behind the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II_assassination_attempt attempt]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> on </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II Pope John Paul II]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">'s life in 1981 by Grey Wolves member </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_A%C4%9Fca Mehmet Ali Ağca]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> were not identified and the organization's role remains unclear. Due to these attacks the Grey Wolves have been described by scholars and journalists as a</span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist terrorist]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> organization.</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> The organization has long been a prominent suspect in investigations into the Turkish "</span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_state deep state]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">", and is suspected of having had close dealings in the past with the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Guerrilla Counter-Guerrilla]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, the Turkish branch of the NATO </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Gladio Operation Gladio]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">.</span>
<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">Established by Colonel </span><span style="font-size:14px;line-height:17px;">[http://real-life-villains.wikia.com/wiki/Alparslan_T%C3%BCrke%C5%9F Alparslan Türkeş]</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> in late 1960s, it rose to prominence in </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_violence_in_Turkey_(1976%E2%80%9380) late 1970s political violence in Turkey]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> when its members engaged in </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_guerrilla_warfare urban guerrilla warfare]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> with left-wing activists and militants. Scholars have described it as a </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_squad death squad]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, responsible for most of the violence and killings in this period. Their most notorious attack, which killed over 100 </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alevi Alevis]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, took place in</span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mara%C5%9F_massacre Maraş in December 1978]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">. They are also alleged to have been behind the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksim_Square_massacre Taksim Square massacre]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> on May day, 1977. The masterminds behind the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II_assassination_attempt attempt]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> on </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II Pope John Paul II]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">'s life in 1981 by Grey Wolves member </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_A%C4%9Fca Mehmet Ali Ağca]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> were not identified and the organization's role remains unclear. Due to these attacks the Grey Wolves have been described by scholars and journalists as a</span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist terrorist]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> organization.</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> The organization has long been a prominent suspect in investigations into the Turkish "</span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_state deep state]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">", and is suspected of having had close dealings in the past with the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Guerrilla Counter-Guerrilla]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, the Turkish branch of the NATO </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Gladio Operation Gladio]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">.</span>
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<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">The 2013 </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_Report_on_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution_(Germany) Annual Report on the Protection of the Constitution]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> by the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Germany) German Federal Ministry of the Interior]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> said that as a result of a June 2013 search by police in three German federal states "two live arms with ammunition, </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blank-firing_adaptor blank-firing guns]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_(weapon) batons]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taser electric stun guns]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> and </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katana Samurai swords]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">" were seized from members of the Grey Wolves.</span>
<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">The 2013 </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_Report_on_the_Protection_of_the_Constitution_(Germany) Annual Report on the Protection of the Constitution]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> by the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Germany) German Federal Ministry of the Interior]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> said that as a result of a June 2013 search by police in three German federal states "two live arms with ammunition, </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blank-firing_adaptor blank-firing guns]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_(weapon) batons]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taser electric stun guns]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> and </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katana Samurai swords]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">" were seized from members of the Grey Wolves.</span>


<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;line-height:22.4px;">North Rhine-Westphalia</span>
<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">The Ministry of the Interior of </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, Germany's most populous state where 70 Grey Wolves associations with more than 2,000 members operated in 2011,</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:11.2px;line-height:11.2px;white-space:nowrap;"> </span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">also monitors the organization.</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> Nevertheless, </span>[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serdar_Y%C3%BCksel Serdar Yüksel]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, a </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany Social Democratic Party]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> member of the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia state's parliament]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, stated in a 2011 interview that the threat of the Grey Wolves in Germany is underestimated. He said, "When thousands of Turkish right-wing radicals come together in Essen, we're not worried. But if 100 members of </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany NPD]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> march, we immediately organize a counter-demonstration."</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> </span>[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_Lehne Olaf Lehne]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, a </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany Christian Democratic Union]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> member of North Rhine-Westphalia's state parliament, stated in an </span>
 
<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">The Ministry of the Interior of </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, Germany's most populous state where 70 Grey Wolves associations with more than 2,000 members operated in 2011,</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:11.2px;line-height:11.2px;white-space:nowrap;"> </span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">also monitors the organization.</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> Nevertheless, </span>[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serdar_Y%C3%BCksel Serdar Yüksel]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, a </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany Social Democratic Party]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> member of the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landtag_of_North_Rhine-Westphalia state's parliament]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, stated in a 2011 interview that the threat of the Grey Wolves in Germany is underestimated. He said, "When thousands of Turkish right-wing radicals come together in Essen, we're not worried. But if 100 members of </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_of_Germany NPD]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> march, we immediately organize a counter-demonstration."</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> </span>[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_Lehne Olaf Lehne]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, a </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany Christian Democratic Union]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> member of North Rhine-Westphalia's state parliament, stated in an interview that the Grey Wolves "are in this country, unfortunately, too often ignored". He also added that they have a large number of sympathizers among young people.</span>


<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;line-height:22.4px;">Baden-Württemberg</span>
<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;line-height:22.4px;">Baden-Württemberg</span>