Editing Herbert Kappler (section)

=== The deportation of the Roman Jews ===
[[File:Retaliation of Rome.jpg|left|thumb|313x313px|16th October 1943, Nazis deporting jews of Rome.]]
On the afternoon of 26th September 1943, he summoned the President of the Jewish community of Rome, Foà, and the president of the Union of Italian Israelite Communities, Dante Almansi, to Villa Wolkonsky, ordering them the delivery of at least 50 kilograms of gold, threatening otherwise the deportation of two hundred Roman Jews to Germany. The gold was collected and delivered by 12,000 people.

The ransom paid by the Roman Jews only assured them a brief pause in the persecution to which they were to be subjected. Two weeks later,on the morning of October 16th 1943, 1259 Jews were rounded up by surprise, being temporarily incarcerated at the military college in via della Lungara. 1,023 deportees were sent to Auschwitz. Only sixteen of them survived the extermination, fifteen men and one woman.

By that moment, the attitude of the fascists and Nazis became more violent and various  roundups were made. In fact, a building in Tasso street was made in to a prison for torturing and interrogate anti-fascists and partisans. [[File:Massacre of the Ardeatine.jpg|left|thumb|323x323px|24th March 1944, Nazis getting ready to execute 335 people.]]