Janjaweed: Difference between revisions

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{{Evil Organization

|Box title = Evil Organization

|~~image~~ = ~~[[File:Janjaweed~~.jpg~~|thumb|264px]]~~

|Image = 54887bbbc38d4.jpeg.jpg

|fullname = The Janjaweed

|alias = The Devils on Horseback

|alias = The Devils on Horseback Evil on Horseback

|origin = Chad, ~~North Africa~~

|origin = Chad,

|foundation = Approx. 1988

|headquarters = Sudan

|headquarters = Khartoum, Sudan

|commanders = [[Musa Hilal]]

|agents = [[Hamid Dawai]] [[Ali Kushayb]] [[Ahmed Haroun]]

|skills = Rioting, pillaging, murder and rape

|goals = Elimnate the non-Arab population of Darfur.

|goals = Elimnate the non-Arab population of Darfur (ongoing)

|crimes = Mass [[murder]] Rape [[Genocide]] [[War crimes]] [[Crimes against humanity]] [[Torture]] Mutilation [[Arson]] [[Terrorism]] Destruction of property [[Ethnic cleansing]]

|type of villains = Terrorist Militia}}

{{Quote|The Sudanese government has unleashed African Arabs, called the Janjaweed, to wipe out tribal blacks. The name 'Sudan' ironically, is Arabic, meaning 'land of the blacks.' But the Janjaweed is rewriting that history in blood. Janjaweed, by the way, has a translation, too. It means 'evil on horseback.'|''60 Minutes'', "Witnessing Genocide in Sudan"}}The '''Janjaweed''' (Arabic: جنجويد‎, translit. Janjawīd; also transliterated ''Janjawid'') are a terrorist militia group that primarily operates in the Darfur region of Sudan, as well as parts of Eastern Chad, in Africa. They are the group that is primarily responsible for the [[~~War in~~ Darfur]], committing multiple atrocities of [[murder]], rape, [[torture]], and other [[crimes against humanity]].

{{Quote|The Sudanese government has unleashed African Arabs, called the Janjaweed, to wipe out tribal blacks. The name 'Sudan' ironically, is Arabic, meaning 'land of the blacks.' But the Janjaweed is rewriting that history in blood. Janjaweed, by the way, has a translation, too. It means 'evil on horseback.'|''60 Minutes'', "Witnessing Genocide in Sudan"}}The '''Janjaweed''' (Arabic: جنجويد‎, translit. Janjawīd; also transliterated ''Janjawid'') are a terrorist militia group that primarily operates in the Darfur region of Sudan, as well as parts of Eastern Chad, in Africa. They are the group that is primarily responsible for the [[Darfur Genocide]], committing multiple atrocities of [[murder]], rape, [[torture]], and other [[crimes against humanity]].

In English, the Janjaweed's name means '''Devils on Horseback'''. It can also be interpreted as '''Evil on Horseback'''.

==Biography==

In Darfur, a western province of Sudan, [[Muammar Gaddafi]] supported the creation of the Arab Gathering (Tajammu al-Arabi), which according to Gérard Prunier was "a militantly racist and pan-Arabist organization which stressed the 'Arab' character of the province." The two organizations shared members and a source of support, and the distinction between the two is often ambiguous.

~~Though the militia has existed since approximately 1988, they didn't come~~ to ~~prominence until early 2003 (the official beginning of the Darfur~~ conflict~~) when rebel groups began accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arabs in~~ Darfur. The ~~government then began funding and arming the~~ Janjaweed ~~and directing them to begin a campaign of [[genocide]] and [[ethnic cleansing]]~~ in ~~the region that has been raging ever since~~.

The nearly continuous cross-border raids that resulted greatly contributed to a separate ethnic conflict within Darfur that killed about 9,000 people between 1985 and 1988. The Janjaweed leadership has some background in Gaddafi's mercenaries.

~~Though the Sudanese government has repeatedly denied that they are involved with the~~ Janjaweed~~, it has been confirmed that multiple high-ranking Sudanese government officials are members of the militia's leadership - particularly~~ [[~~Musa Hilal~~]], ~~the chief advisor of the Sudanese Ministry of Federal Affairs - who appears to serve as the group's overall field commander~~. ~~Also~~, ~~an investigation by the International Criminal Court (ICC) has confirmed that the Janjaweed's activities are overseen by the President of Sudan himself~~, [[~~Omar al-Bashir~~]], ~~which has lead~~ the ~~ICC to issue a warrant for his arrest on multiple counts~~ of ~~[[War crime|war crimes]], genocide, and crimes against humanity, though al-Bashir has also vehemently denied this. Because Sudan does not formally recognize~~ the ~~ICC, as~~ of ~~2019, al-Bashir has been able to stay in power despite the outstanding warrant for his arrest~~.

The Janjaweed first appeared in 1988 after Chadian President [[Hissène Habré]], backed by France and the United States, defeated the Libyan army, thereby ending Gaddafi’s territorial designs on Chad. Gaddafi’s Chadian protégé, Acheickh Ibn Omer Saeed, retreated with his partisan forces to Darfur, where they were hosted by Sheikh [[Musa Hilal]], the newly elevated chief of the Rizeigat Arab tribes of north Darfur.

~~It has been estimated that the Janjaweed are responsible for the deaths of close to between 100,000 and 400,000 people, according to the United Nations~~. ~~The conflict in Darfur is still ongoing as of 2019~~, ~~though the violence has decreased significantly and the region is considered stable, though the organization will likely continue to remain a threat as long as Omar al-Bashir remains in power and~~ his ~~associates remain at large~~.

Hilal’s tribesmen had earlier smuggled Libyan weapons to Ibn Omer’s forces. A French-Chadian incursion destroyed Ibn Omer’s camp, but his weapons remained with his Mahamid hosts.

~~It is~~ as of ~~yet unknown how~~ the Janjaweed ~~will~~ be ~~affected by~~ the ~~ousting~~ of ~~President~~ al-Bashir in ~~April 2019~~.

Throughout the 1990s, the Janjaweed were Arab partisans, tolerated by the Sudan Government, who pursued local agendas of controlling land. The majority of Darfur’s Arabs, the Baggara confederation, began their presence in the war over grazing territory, and remain involved. In 1999-2000, faced with threats of insurgencies in Western and Northern Darfur, Khartoum’s security armed the Janjaweed forces.

When the insurgency escalated in February 2003, spearheaded by the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army, and the Justice and Equality Movement, the Sudanese Government responded by using the Janjaweed as its main counter-insurgency force. Protracting the forces to attack and recover the rebel held areas of Darfur, the Janjaweed conducted a campaign targeting rebels in the region of Darfur.

The U.S. State Department and others in 2004 named leading Janjaweed commanders, including Musa Hilal as suspected genocide criminals. By early 2006, many Janjaweed had been absorbed into the Sudan Armed Forces including the Popular Defense Forces and Border Guards. Meanwhile, the Janjaweed expanded to include some Arab tribes in eastern Darfur, not historically associated with the original Janjaweed. Chadian Arabs were also increasingly active in seeking to reestablish a political base in Chad, as part of the Unified Forces for a Democratic Change (FUC) coalition.

By October 2007, only the United States' government had declared the Janjaweed killings in Darfur to be genocide, since they had killed an estimated 200,000-400,000 civilians over the previous three years.

The UN Security Council called for the Janjaweed to be disarmed. On July 14, 2008, the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court filed genocide charges against Sudanese President [[Omar al-Bashir]], accusing him of masterminding attempts to wipe out African tribes in Darfur with a campaign of murder, rape and deportation using the Janjaweed tribes.

[[Category:Organizations]]

[[Category:Military]]

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[[Category:Chaotic Evil]]

[[Category:African Villains]]

[[Category:Smuggler]]

[[Category:Weapon Dealer]]

[[Category:Mongers]]

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{Evil Organization
 |Box title    = Evil Organization
-|image        = [[File:Janjaweed.jpg|thumb|264px]]
+|Image        = 54887bbbc38d4.jpeg.jpg
 |fullname = The Janjaweed
-|alias = The Devils on Horseback
+|alias = The Devils on Horseback<br>Evil on Horseback
-|origin = Chad, North Africa
+|origin = Chad,
 |foundation = Approx. 1988
-|headquarters = Sudan
+|headquarters = Khartoum, Sudan
 |commanders = [[Musa Hilal]]
 |agents = [[Hamid Dawai]]<br>[[Ali Kushayb]]<br>[[Ahmed Haroun]]
 |skills = Rioting, pillaging, murder and rape
-|goals = Elimnate the non-Arab population of Darfur.
+|goals = Elimnate the non-Arab population of Darfur (ongoing)
+|crimes = Mass [[murder]]<br>Rape<br>[[Genocide]]<br>[[War crimes]]<br>[[Crimes against humanity]]<br>[[Torture]]<br>Mutilation<br>[[Arson]]<br>[[Terrorism]]<br>Destruction of property<br>[[Ethnic cleansing]]
 |type of villains = Terrorist Militia}}
-{{Quote|The Sudanese government has unleashed African Arabs, called the Janjaweed, to wipe out tribal blacks. The name 'Sudan' ironically, is Arabic, meaning 'land of the blacks.' But the Janjaweed is rewriting that history in blood. Janjaweed, by the way, has a translation, too. It means 'evil on horseback.'|''60 Minutes'', "Witnessing Genocide in Sudan"}}The '''Janjaweed''' (Arabic: جنجويد‎, translit. Janjawīd; also transliterated ''Janjawid'') are a terrorist militia group that primarily operates in the Darfur region of Sudan, as well as parts of Eastern Chad, in Africa. They are the group that is primarily responsible for the [[War in Darfur]], committing multiple atrocities of [[murder]], rape, [[torture]], and other [[crimes against humanity]].
+{{Quote|The Sudanese government has unleashed African Arabs, called the Janjaweed, to wipe out tribal blacks. The name 'Sudan' ironically, is Arabic, meaning 'land of the blacks.' But the Janjaweed is rewriting that history in blood. Janjaweed, by the way, has a translation, too. It means 'evil on horseback.'|''60 Minutes'', "Witnessing Genocide in Sudan"}}The '''Janjaweed''' (Arabic: جنجويد‎, translit. Janjawīd; also transliterated ''Janjawid'') are a terrorist militia group that primarily operates in the Darfur region of Sudan, as well as parts of Eastern Chad, in Africa. They are the group that is primarily responsible for the [[Darfur Genocide]], committing multiple atrocities of [[murder]], rape, [[torture]], and other [[crimes against humanity]].
 In English, the Janjaweed's name means '''Devils on Horseback'''. It can also be interpreted as '''Evil on Horseback'''.
+==Biography==
+In Darfur, a western province of Sudan, [[Muammar Gaddafi]] supported the creation of the Arab Gathering (Tajammu al-Arabi), which according to Gérard Prunier was "a militantly racist and pan-Arabist organization which stressed the 'Arab' character of the province." The two organizations shared members and a source of support, and the distinction between the two is often ambiguous.
-Though the militia has existed since approximately 1988, they didn't come to prominence until early 2003 (the official beginning of the Darfur conflict) when rebel groups began accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arabs in Darfur. The government then began funding and arming the Janjaweed and directing them to begin a campaign of [[genocide]] and [[ethnic cleansing]] in the region that has been raging ever since.
+The nearly continuous cross-border raids that resulted greatly contributed to a separate ethnic conflict within Darfur that killed about 9,000 people between 1985 and 1988. The Janjaweed leadership has some background in Gaddafi's mercenaries.
-Though the Sudanese government has repeatedly denied that they are involved with the Janjaweed, it has been confirmed that multiple high-ranking Sudanese government officials are members of the militia's leadership - particularly [[Musa Hilal]], the chief advisor of the Sudanese Ministry of Federal Affairs - who appears to serve as the group's overall field commander. Also, an investigation by the International Criminal Court (ICC) has confirmed that the Janjaweed's activities are overseen by the President of Sudan himself, [[Omar al-Bashir]], which has lead the ICC to issue a warrant for his arrest on multiple counts of [[War crime|war crimes]], genocide, and crimes against humanity, though al-Bashir has also vehemently denied this. Because Sudan does not formally recognize the ICC, as of 2019, al-Bashir has been able to stay in power despite the outstanding warrant for his arrest.
+The Janjaweed first appeared in 1988 after Chadian President [[Hissène Habré]], backed by France and the United States, defeated the Libyan army, thereby ending Gaddafi’s territorial designs on Chad. Gaddafi’s Chadian protégé, Acheickh Ibn Omer Saeed, retreated with his partisan forces to Darfur, where they were hosted by Sheikh [[Musa Hilal]], the newly elevated chief of the Rizeigat Arab tribes of north Darfur.
-It has been estimated that the Janjaweed are responsible for the deaths of close to between 100,000 and 400,000 people, according to the United Nations. The conflict in Darfur is still ongoing as of 2019, though the violence has decreased significantly and the region is considered stable, though the organization will likely continue to remain a threat as long as Omar al-Bashir remains in power and his associates remain at large.
+Hilal’s tribesmen had earlier smuggled Libyan weapons to Ibn Omer’s forces. A French-Chadian incursion destroyed Ibn Omer’s camp, but his weapons remained with his Mahamid hosts.
-It is as of yet unknown how the Janjaweed will be affected by the ousting of President al-Bashir in April 2019.
+Throughout the 1990s, the Janjaweed were Arab partisans, tolerated by the Sudan Government, who pursued local agendas of controlling land. The majority of Darfur’s Arabs, the Baggara confederation, began their presence in the war over grazing territory, and remain involved. In 1999-2000, faced with threats of insurgencies in Western and Northern Darfur, Khartoum’s security armed the Janjaweed forces.
+When the insurgency escalated in February 2003, spearheaded by the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army, and the Justice and Equality Movement, the Sudanese Government responded by using the Janjaweed as its main counter-insurgency force. Protracting the forces to attack and recover the rebel held areas of Darfur, the Janjaweed conducted a campaign targeting rebels in the region of Darfur.
+The U.S. State Department and others in 2004 named leading Janjaweed commanders, including Musa Hilal as suspected genocide criminals. By early 2006, many Janjaweed had been absorbed into the Sudan Armed Forces including the Popular Defense Forces and Border Guards. Meanwhile, the Janjaweed expanded to include some Arab tribes in eastern Darfur, not historically associated with the original Janjaweed. Chadian Arabs were also increasingly active in seeking to reestablish a political base in Chad, as part of the Unified Forces for a Democratic Change (FUC) coalition.
+By October 2007, only the United States' government had declared the Janjaweed killings in Darfur to be genocide, since they had killed an estimated 200,000-400,000 civilians over the previous three years.
+The UN Security Council called for the Janjaweed to be disarmed. On July 14, 2008, the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court filed genocide charges against Sudanese President [[Omar al-Bashir]], accusing him of masterminding attempts to wipe out African tribes in Darfur with a campaign of murder, rape and deportation using the Janjaweed tribes.
 [[Category:Organizations]]
 [[Category:Military]]
@@ Line 53: / Line 64: @@
 [[Category:Chaotic Evil]]
 [[Category:African Villains]]
+[[Category:Smuggler]]
+[[Category:Weapon Dealer]]
+[[Category:Mongers]]