Editing Joaquín Guzmán Loera (section)

==== Charges and imprisonment ====
Guzmán was imprisoned in area #20, Hallway #1, on 22 February 2014.<sup>[154]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The area where he lived was highly restricted; the cells do not have 
any windows, inmates are not allowed to interact with one another, and 
they are not permitted to contact their family members.<sup>[155]</sup> His cell was close to those of José Jorge Balderas (''alias'' "El JJ"), former lieutenant of the Beltrán Leyva Cartel, and Jaime González Durán (''alias'' "El Hummer"), a former leader of Los Zetas drug cartel. Miguel Ángel Guzmán Loera, one of his brothers, was in one of the other units.<sup>[156][157]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>Guzmán was alone in his cell, and had one bed, one shower, and a single
<nowiki> </nowiki>toilet. His lawyer was Óscar Quirarte. Guzmán was allowed to receive 
visits from his family members every nine days from 9:00 a.m. to 
5:00 p.m. (if approved by a judge), and was granted by law to receive 
MXN$638 (about US$48) every month to buy products for personal hygiene.<sup>[156][158]</sup> He lived under 23 hours of solitary confinement
<nowiki> </nowiki>with one hour of outdoor exposure. He was only allowed to speak with 
people during his judicial hearings (the prison guards that secured his 
cell were not allowed to speak with him). Unlike the other inmates, 
Guzmán was prohibited from practicing sport or cultural activities. 
These conditions were court-approved and could only be changed if a 
federal judge decided to amend them.<sup>[158]</sup>

On 24 February, the Mexican government formally charged Guzmán for 
drug trafficking, a process that slowed down his possible extradition to
<nowiki> </nowiki>the U.S. The decision to initially file only one charge against him 
showed that the Mexican government was working on gathering more formal 
charges against Guzmán, and possibly including the charges he faced 
before his escape from prison in 2001. The kingpin also faces charges in
<nowiki> </nowiki>at least seven U.S. jurisdictions, and U.S. officials filed for his 
extradition.<sup>[159][160]</sup> Guzmán was initially granted an injunction preventing immediate extradition to the United States.<sup>[161]</sup> On 25 February, a Mexican federal judge set the trial in motion for drug-related and organized crime charges,<sup>[162]</sup> On 4 March 2014, a Mexican federal court issued a formal charge against Guzmán for his involvement in organized crime.<sup>[163][164]</sup>

On 5 March 2014, a Mexico City federal court rejected Guzmán's 
injunction against extradition to the U.S. on the grounds that the U.S. 
officials had not formally requested his extradition from Mexico. The 
court said that if the U.S. files a request in the future, Guzmán can 
petition for another injunction.<sup>[165]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The court had until 9 April 2014 to issue a formal declaration of the 
injunction's rejection, and Guzmán's lawyers could appeal the court's 
decision in the meantime.<sup>[166]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The same day that the injunction was rejected, another federal court 
issued formal charges against Guzmán, totaling up to five different 
Mexican federal courts where he is wanted for drug trafficking and 
organized crime charges.<sup>[167]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The court explained that although Guzmán faces charges in several 
different courts, he cannot be sentenced for the same crime twice 
because that would violate Article 23 of the Constitution of Mexico.<sup>[168]</sup>

On 17 April 2014, the Attorney General of Mexico, Jesús Murillo Karam,
<nowiki> </nowiki>said that Mexico had no intention of extraditing Guzmán to the U.S. 
even if a formal request were to be presented. He said he wished to see 
Guzmán face charges in Mexico, and expressed his disagreement with how 
the U.S. cuts deals with extradited Mexican criminals by reducing their 
sentences (as in Vicente Zambada Niebla's case) in exchange for information.<sup>[169]</sup>

On 16 July 2014, Guzmán reportedly helped organize a five-day hunger 
strike in the prison in cooperation with inmate and former drug lord Edgar Valdez Villarreal (''alias''
<nowiki> </nowiki>"La Barbie"). Over 1,000 prisoners reportedly participated in the 
protest and complained of the prison's poor hygiene, food, and medical 
treatment. The Mexican government confirmed that the strike took place 
and that the prisoners' demands were satisfied, but denied that Guzmán 
or Valdez Villarreal were involved in it given their status as prisoners
<nowiki> </nowiki>in solitary confinement.<sup>[170][171]</sup>

On 25 September 2014, Guzmán and his former business partner Zambada were indicted by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York in Brooklyn.<sup>[172]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>According to the court documents, both of them conspired to kill 
Mexican law enforcement officers, government officials, and members of 
the Mexican Armed Forces. Among the people killed under the alleged 
orders of Guzmán were Roberto Velasco Bravo (2008), the chief of 
Mexico's organized crime investigatory division; Rafael Ramírez Jaime 
(2008), the chief of the arrest division of the Attorney General's 
Office; Rodolfo Carrillo Fuentes (2004), former leader of the Juárez 
Cartel, among other criminals from the Tijuana, Los Zetas, Beltrán 
Leyva, and Juárez crime syndicates.<sup>[173]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The court alleged that Guzmán used professional assassins to carry out 
"... hundreds of acts of violence, including murders, assaults, 
kidnappings, assassinations and acts of torture".<sup>[174]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>In addition, it alleged that he oversaw a drug-trafficking empire that 
transported multi-ton shipments of narcotics from South America, through
<nowiki> </nowiki>Central America and Mexico, and then to the U.S., and that his network 
was facilitated by corrupt law enforcement and public officials.<sup>[173]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>It also alleged that Guzmán laundered more than US$14 billion in drug 
proceeds along with several other high-ranking drug lords.<sup>[175]</sup>

On 11 November 2014, a federal court in Sinaloa granted Guzmán an 
injunction for weaponry charges after the judge determined that the 
arrest was not carried out the way the Mexican Navy reported it.<sup>[176]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>According to law enforcement, the Navy apprehended Guzmán after they 
received an anonymous tip on an armed individual in the hotel where he 
was staying. However, no evidence of the anonymous tip was provided. The
<nowiki> </nowiki>judge also determined that the investigations leading to his arrest 
were not presented in court. He determined that law enforcement's 
version of the arrest had several irregularities because the Navy did 
not have a raid warrant when they entered the premises and arrested 
Guzmán (when he was not the subject matter of the anonymous tip in the 
first place).<sup>[177]</sup>

On 20 January 2015, Guzmán requested another injunction through his 
lawyer Andrés Granados Flores to prevent his extradition to the U.S.<sup>[178]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>His defense argued that if he were to be extradited and judged in a 
foreign court, his constitutional rights would be violated as expressed 
in Articles 1, 14, 16, 17, 18 and 20 of the Constitution of Mexico.<sup>[179]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The decision of his defense was made after Attorney General Murillo 
Karam said at a press conference that the U.S. was pushing to formally 
request his extradition.<sup>[180]</sup> The PGR and Mexico's Secretariat of Foreign Affairs
<nowiki> </nowiki>stated that Guzmán had a provisional arrest with extradition purposes 
from the U.S. government since 17 February 2001, but that the formal 
proceedings to officiate the extradition were not realized because 
investigators considered that the request was outdated and believed it 
would have been difficult to gather potential witnesses.<sup>[181]</sup> Murillo Karam said that the Mexican government would process the request when they deemed it appropriate.<sup>[182]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>He asked for a second injunction preventing his extradition on 26 
January. Mexico City federal judge Fabricio Villegas asked federal 
authorities to confirm in 24 hours if there was a pending extradition 
request against Guzmán.<sup>[183]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>In a press conference the following day, Murillo Karam said that he was
<nowiki> </nowiki>expecting a request from Washington, but said that they would not 
extradite him until he faces charges and completes his sentences in 
Mexico. If all the charges are added up, Guzmán may receive a sentence 
between 300 and 400 years.<sup>[184][185]</sup>