Editing Joaquín Guzmán Loera (section)

== First escape, runaway and manhunt, and second arrest ==

=== First escape: 2001 ===
While still in prison in Mexico, Guzmán was indicted in San Diego on U.S. charges of [[money laundering]] and importing tons of cocaine into California, along with his Sinaloa attorney Humberto Loya-Castro, or ''Licenciado Perez''
<nowiki> </nowiki>("Lawyer Perez"), who was charged with bribing Mexican officials on 
Sinaloa's behalf and making sure that any cartel members arrested were 
released from custody.<sup>[88][98]</sup> After a ruling by the Supreme Court of Mexico
<nowiki> </nowiki>made extradition between Mexico and the United States easier, Guzmán 
bribed guards to aid his escape. On 19 January 2001, Francisco "El 
Chito" Camberos Rivera, a prison guard, opened Guzmán's electronically 
operated cell door, and Guzmán got in a laundry cart that maintenance 
worker Javier Camberos rolled through several doors and eventually out 
the front door. He was then transported in the trunk of a car driven by 
Camberos out of the town. At a gas station, Camberos went inside, but 
when he came back, Guzmán was gone on foot into the night. According to 
officials, 78 people have been implicated in his escape plan.<sup>[85]</sup> Camberos is in prison for his assistance in the escape.<sup>[18]</sup>

The police say Guzmán carefully masterminded his escape plan, 
wielding influence over almost everyone in the prison, including the 
facility's director, who is now in prison for aiding in the escape.<sup>[18]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>One prison guard who came forward to report the situation at the prison
<nowiki> </nowiki>was found dead years later, presumed to be killed by Guzmán.<sup>[18]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>Guzmán allegedly had the prison guards on his payroll, smuggled 
contraband into the prison and received preferential treatment from the 
staff. In addition to the prison-employee accomplices, police in Jalisco
<nowiki> </nowiki>were paid off to ensure he had at least 24 hours to get out of the 
state and stay ahead of the military manhunt. The story told to the 
guards being bribed not to search the laundry cart was that Guzmán was 
smuggling gold, ostensibly extracted from rock at the inmate workshop, 
out of the prison. The escape allegedly cost Guzmán $2.5 million.<sup>[85][99]</sup>

=== First runaway and manhunt: 2001–2014 ===

==== Mexican Cartel Wars ====
Since his 2001 escape from prison, Guzmán had been wanting to take over the Ciudad Juárez crossing points, which were under the control of the Carrillo Fuentes family of the Juárez Cartel.<sup>[85]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>Despite a high degree of mistrust between the two organizations, the 
Sinaloa and Juárez cartels had a working agreement at the time. Guzmán 
convened a meeting in Monterrey with Ismael Zambada García ("El Mayo"), Juan José Esparragoza Moreno ("El Azul") and Arturo Beltrán Leyva
<nowiki> </nowiki>and they discussed killing Rodolfo Carrillo Fuentes, who was in charge 
of the Juárez Cartel at the time. On 11 September 2004, Rodolfo, his 
wife and two young children were visiting a Culiacán shopping mall. While leaving the mall, escorted by police commander Pedro Pérez López, the family was ambushed by members of [[Los Negros]], assassins for the Sinaloa Cartel. Rodolfo and his wife were killed; the policeman survived.<sup>[85]</sup>

This now meant the city would no longer be controlled only by the 
Carrillo Fuentes family. Instead, the city found itself as the front 
line in the Mexican Drug War
<nowiki> </nowiki>and would see homicides skyrocket as rival cartels fought for control. 
With this act, Guzmán was the first to break the nonaggression "pact" 
the major cartels had agreed to, setting in motion the fighting between 
cartels for drug routes that has claimed more than 60,000 lives since 
December 2006.<sup>[100][101][102]</sup>

When Mexican President Felipe Calderón took office in December 2006, he announced a crackdown on cartels by the Mexican military to stem the increasing violence.<sup>[103]</sup> After four years, the additional efforts had not slowed the flow of drugs or the killings tied to the drug war.<sup>[103]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>Of the 53,000 arrests made as of 2010, only 1,000 involved associates 
of the Sinaloa Cartel, which led to suspicions that Calderón was 
intentionally allowing Sinaloa to win the drug war, a charge Calderón 
denied in advertisements in Mexican newspapers, pointing to his 
administration's killing of top Sinaloa deputy "Nacho" Coronel as 
evidence.<sup>[103]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>Sinaloa's rival cartels saw their leaders killed and syndicates 
dismantled by the crackdown, but the Sinaloa gang was relatively 
unaffected and took over the rival gangs' territories, including the 
coveted Ciudad Juárez-El Paso corridor, in the wake of the power shifts.<sup>[95]</sup>

==== Relations to the Beltrán Leyva Cartel ====
A ''Newsweek''
<nowiki> </nowiki>investigation alleges that one of Guzmán's techniques for maintaining 
his dominance among cartels included giving information to the DEA and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement that led to the arrests of his enemies in the Juárez Cartel, in addition to information that led to the arrests of some of the top Sinaloa leaders.<sup>[88]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The arrests were speculated by some to have been part of a deal Guzmán 
struck with Calderón and the DEA, in which he intentionally gave up some
<nowiki> </nowiki>of his purported Sinaloa colleagues to U.S. agents in exchange for 
immunity from prosecution, while perpetuating the idea that the Calderón
<nowiki> </nowiki>government was heavily pursuing his organization during the cartel 
crackdown.<sup>[104]</sup>

This became a key factor influencing the break between the Sinaloa Cartel and the Beltrán Leyva brothers, five brothers who served as Guzmán's top lieutenants, primarily working for the cartel in the northern region of Sinaloa.<sup>[105][106]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>Sinaloa lawyer Loya-Castro, who like Guzmán had been wanted on federal 
charges in the United States since 1993, voluntarily approached the DEA 
offering them information in 1998, eventually signing paperwork as a 
formal informant in 2005, and his U.S. indictment was thrown out in 
2008.<sup>[88]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>Loya-Castro's leaks to the DEA led to the dismantling of the Tijuana 
Cartel, as well as the Mexican Army's arrest of Guzmán's lieutenant and 
the top commander of the Beltrán Leyva organization, Alfredo Beltrán Leyva (also known as ''El Mochomo'', or "Desert Ant"), in Culiacán in January 2008, with Guzmán believed to have given up El Mochomo for various reasons.<sup>[88][104][106]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>Guzmán had been voicing concerns with Alfredo Beltrán's lifestyle and 
high-profile actions for some time before his arrest. After El Mochomo's
<nowiki> </nowiki>arrest, authorities said he was in charge of two hit squads, money 
laundering, transporting drugs and bribing officials.<sup>[105][107]</sup>

That high-profile arrest was followed by the arrest of 11 Beltrán 
Leyva hit squad members in Mexico City, with police noting that the 
arrests were the first evidence that Sinaloa had expanded into the 
capital city.<sup>[105][108]</sup> United States Ambassador to Mexico Tony Garza called the arrests a "significant victory" in the drug war.<sup>[105]</sup> With Alfredo in custody, his brother Arturo Beltrán Leyva took over as the brothers' top commander, but he was killed in a shootout with Mexican marines the next year.<sup>[106]</sup>

Whether Guzmán was responsible for Alfredo Beltrán's arrest is not 
known. However, the Beltrán Leyvas and their allies suspected he was 
behind it,<sup>[106]</sup> and after Alfredo Beltrán's arrest, a formal "war" was declared. An attempt on the life of cartel head Zambada's son Vicente Zambada Niebla (''El Vincentillo'') was made just hours after the declaration. Dozens of killings followed in retaliation for that attempt.<sup>[85]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The Beltrán Leyva brothers ordered the assassination of Guzmán's son, 
Édgar Guzmán López, on 8 May 2008, in Culiacán, which brought massive 
retaliation from Guzmán. They were also fighting over the allegiance of 
the Flores brothers, Margarito and Pedro, leaders of a major, highly 
lucrative cell in Chicago that distributed over two tons of cocaine every month.<sup>[109]</sup> The Mexican military claims that Guzmán and the Beltrán Leyva brothers were at odds over Guzmán's relationship with the Valencia brothers in Michoacán.<sup>[85]</sup>

Following the killing of Guzmán's son Édgar, violence increased. From
<nowiki> </nowiki>8 May through the end of the month, over 116 people were murdered in 
Culiacán, 26 of them police officers. In June 2008, over 128 were 
killed; in July, 143 were slain.<sup>[85]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>Additional 2,000 troops were deployed to the area, but it failed to 
stop the turf war. The wave of violence spread to other cities like Guamúchil, Guasave and Mazatlán.

However, the Beltrán Leyva brothers were doing some double-dealing of their own. Arturo and Alfredo had met with top members of Los Zetas in Cuernavaca,
<nowiki> </nowiki>where they agreed to form an alliance to fill the power vacuum. They 
would not necessarily go after the main strongholds, such as the Sinaloa
<nowiki> </nowiki>and Gulf Cartel; instead, they would seek control of southern states 
like Guerrero (where the Beltrán Leyvas already had a big stake), Oaxaca, Yucatán and Quintana Roo. They worked their way into the center of the country, where no single group had control.<sup>[85]</sup> The Beltrán Leyva organization allied with the Gulf Cartel and its hit squad Los Zetas against Sinaloa.<sup>[108]</sup>

The split was officially recognized by the U.S. government on 30 May 
2008. On that day, it recognized the Beltrán Leyva brothers as leaders 
of their own cartel. President George W. Bush designated Marcos Arturo Beltrán Leyva and the Beltrán Leyva Organization as subject to sanction under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act ("Kingpin Act").<sup>[85][110]</sup>

==== First manhunt ====
Guzmán was notable among drug lords for his longevity and evasion of 
authorities, assisted by alleged bribes to federal, state and local 
Mexican officials.<sup>[16][18][111]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>Despite the progress made in arresting others in the aftermath of 
Guzmán's escape, including a handful of his top logistics and security 
men, the huge military and federal police manhunt failed to capture 
Guzmán for years. In the years between his escape and capture, he was 
Mexico's most-wanted man.<sup>[112]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>His elusiveness from law enforcement made him a near-legendary figure 
in Mexico's narcotics folklore; stories abounded that Guzmán sometimes 
strolled into restaurants, his bodyguards confiscating peoples' 
cellphones, he ate his meal, and then left after paying everyone's tab.<sup>[113]</sup> Rumors circulated of Guzmán being seen in different parts of Mexico and abroad.<sup>[114]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>For more than thirteen years, Mexican security forces coordinated many 
operatives to rearrest him, but their efforts were largely in vain 
because Guzmán appeared to be steps ahead from his captors.<sup>[115]</sup>

Although his whereabouts were unknown, the authorities thought that he was likely hiding in the "Golden Triangle" (Spanish: ''Triángulo Dorado''), an area that encompasses parts of Sinaloa, Durango, and Chihuahua in the Sierra Madre region. The region is a major producer of marijuana and opium poppy in Mexico,<sup>[116]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>and its remoteness from the urban areas makes it an attractive 
territory for the production of synthetic drugs in clandestine 
laboratories and for its mountains that offer potential hideouts.<sup>[117][118][119]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>Guzmán reportedly commanded a sophisticated security circle of at least
<nowiki> </nowiki>300 informants and gunmen resembling the manpower equivalent to those 
of a head of state. His inner circle would help him move around through several isolated ranches in the mountainous area and avoid capture.<sup>[114][120]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>He usually escaped from law enforcement using armored cars, aircraft, 
and all-terrain vehicles, and was known to employ sophisticated 
communications gadgetry and counterespionage practices.<sup>[120][121]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>Since many of these locations in the Golden Triangle can only be 
reached over single-track dirt roads, local residents easily detected 
the arrival of law enforcement or any outsiders. Their distrust towards 
non-residents and their aversion towards the government, alongside a 
combination of bribery and intimidation, helped keep the locals loyal to
<nowiki> </nowiki>Guzmán and the Sinaloa Cartel in the area. According to law enforcement
<nowiki> </nowiki>intelligence, attempting to have launched an attack to capture Guzmán 
by air would have had similar results; his security circle would have 
warned him of the presence of an aircraft 10 minutes away from Guzmán's 
location, giving him ample time to escape the scene and avoid arrest. In
<nowiki> </nowiki>addition, his gunmen reportedly carried surface-to-air missiles that 
may bring down aircraft in the area.<sup>[120]</sup>

=== Second arrest: 2014 ===
Although
<nowiki> </nowiki>Guzmán had long hidden successfully in remote areas of the Sierra Madre
<nowiki> </nowiki>mountains, the arrested members of his security team told the military 
he had begun venturing out to Culiacán and the beach town of Mazatlán.<sup>[96]</sup> A week before his capture, Guzmán and Zambada were reported to have attended a family reunion in Sinaloa.<sup>[122]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The Mexican military followed the bodyguards' tips to Guzmán’s former 
wife's house, but they had trouble ramming the steel-reinforced front 
door, which allowed Guzmán to escape through a system of secret tunnels 
that connected six houses, eventually moving south to Mazatlán.<sup>[96]</sup> He had planned to stay a few days in Mazatlán to see his twin baby daughters before retreating to the mountains.<sup>[123]</sup>

On 22 February 2014, at around 6:40 a.m.,<sup>[124]</sup> Mexican authorities arrested Guzmán at a hotel in a beachfront area in Mazatlán, following an operation by the Mexican Navy, with joint intelligence from the DEA and the U.S. Marshals Service.<sup>[111][125]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>A few days before his capture, Mexican authorities had been raiding 
several properties owned by members of the Sinaloa Cartel who were close
<nowiki> </nowiki>to Guzmán throughout the state of Sinaloa.<sup>[126][127][128]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The operation that led to his capture started at 3:45 a.m., when ten 
pickup trucks of the Mexican Navy carrying over 65 marines made their 
way to the resort area. Guzmán was hiding at the Miramar condominiums, 
located at #608 on Avenida de Mar.<sup>[129][130]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>Mexican and U.S. federal agents had leads that the drug lord had been 
at that location for at least two days, and that he was staying on the 
condominium's fourth floor, in Room 401. When the Mexican authorities 
arrived at the location, they quickly subdued Carlos Manuel Hoo Ramírez,
<nowiki> </nowiki>one of Guzmán's bodyguards, before quietly making their way to the 
fourth floor by the elevators and stairs. Once they were at Guzmán's 
front door, they broke into the apartment and stormed the two rooms it 
had. In one of the rooms was Guzmán, lying in bed with his wife (former 
beauty queen Emma Coronel Aispuro).<sup>[130][131]</sup> Their two daughters were reported to have been at the condominium during the arrest.<sup>[132]</sup> Guzmán tried to resist arrest physically,<sup>[130]</sup> but he did not attempt to grab a rifle he had close to him.<sup>[133][134]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>Amid the quarrel with the marines, the drug lord was hit four times. By
<nowiki> </nowiki>6:40 a.m., he was arrested, taken to the ground floor, and walked to 
the condominium's parking lot, where the first photos of his capture 
were taken.<sup>[130][135]</sup> His identity was confirmed through a fingerprint examination immediately following his capture.<sup>[136]</sup> He was then flown to Mexico City, the country's capital, for formal identification.<sup>[137]</sup> According to the Mexican government, no shots were fired during the operation.<sup>[126][138]</sup>

Guzmán was presented in front of cameras during a press conference at the Mexico City International Airport that afternoon,<sup>[139]</sup> and then he was transferred to the Federal Social Readaptation Center No. 1, a maximum-security prison in Almoloya de Juárez, State of Mexico, on a Federal Police Black Hawk helicopter. The helicopter was escorted by two Navy helicopters and one from the Mexican Air Force.<sup>[140][141]</sup> Surveillance inside the penitentiary and surrounding areas was increased by a large contingent of law enforcement.<sup>[142]</sup>

==== Reactions ====
Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto confirmed the arrest through Twitter and congratulated the Secretariat of National Defense (SEDENA), Secretariat of the Navy (SEMAR), Office of the General Prosecutor (PGR), the Federal Police, and the Centro de Investigación y Seguridad Nacional (CISEN) for Guzmán's capture.<sup>[16][143][144]</sup> In the United States, Attorney General Eric Holder
<nowiki> </nowiki>said Guzmán had caused "death and destruction of millions of lives 
across the globe" and called the arrest "a landmark achievement, and a 
victory for the citizens of both Mexico and the United States".<sup>[111]</sup> Colombia's President Juan Manuel Santos
<nowiki> </nowiki>telephoned Peña Nieto and congratulated him for the arrest of Guzmán, 
highlighting its importance in the international efforts against drug 
trafficking.<sup>[145]</sup> Colombia's Defense Minister, Juan Carlos Pinzón, congratulated Mexico on Guzmán's arrest and stated that his capture "contributes to eradicate this crime (drug trafficking) in the region".<sup>[146]</sup> The Guatemalan President Otto Pérez Molina congratulated the Mexican government for the arrest.<sup>[147]</sup> Costa Rica's President Laura Chinchilla congratulated the Mexican government through Twitter for the capture too.<sup>[148]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The French government extended its congratulations on 24 February and 
supported the Mexican security forces in their combat against organized 
crime.<sup>[149]</sup> News of Guzmán's capture made it to the headlines of many news outlets across the U.S., Latin America, and Europe.<sup>[150][151]</sup> On Twitter, Mexico and Guzmán's capture were trending topics throughout most of 22 February 2014.<sup>[152]</sup>

Bob Nardoza, a spokesman for the U.S. attorney's office for the District Court for the Eastern District of New York,
<nowiki> </nowiki>announced that U.S. authorities plan to seek the extradition of Guzmán 
for several cases pending against him in New York and other United 
States jurisdictions.<sup>[153]</sup>

==== Charges and imprisonment ====
Guzmán was imprisoned in area #20, Hallway #1, on 22 February 2014.<sup>[154]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The area where he lived was highly restricted; the cells do not have 
any windows, inmates are not allowed to interact with one another, and 
they are not permitted to contact their family members.<sup>[155]</sup> His cell was close to those of José Jorge Balderas (''alias'' "El JJ"), former lieutenant of the Beltrán Leyva Cartel, and Jaime González Durán (''alias'' "El Hummer"), a former leader of Los Zetas drug cartel. Miguel Ángel Guzmán Loera, one of his brothers, was in one of the other units.<sup>[156][157]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>Guzmán was alone in his cell, and had one bed, one shower, and a single
<nowiki> </nowiki>toilet. His lawyer was Óscar Quirarte. Guzmán was allowed to receive 
visits from his family members every nine days from 9:00 a.m. to 
5:00 p.m. (if approved by a judge), and was granted by law to receive 
MXN$638 (about US$48) every month to buy products for personal hygiene.<sup>[156][158]</sup> He lived under 23 hours of solitary confinement
<nowiki> </nowiki>with one hour of outdoor exposure. He was only allowed to speak with 
people during his judicial hearings (the prison guards that secured his 
cell were not allowed to speak with him). Unlike the other inmates, 
Guzmán was prohibited from practicing sport or cultural activities. 
These conditions were court-approved and could only be changed if a 
federal judge decided to amend them.<sup>[158]</sup>

On 24 February, the Mexican government formally charged Guzmán for 
drug trafficking, a process that slowed down his possible extradition to
<nowiki> </nowiki>the U.S. The decision to initially file only one charge against him 
showed that the Mexican government was working on gathering more formal 
charges against Guzmán, and possibly including the charges he faced 
before his escape from prison in 2001. The kingpin also faces charges in
<nowiki> </nowiki>at least seven U.S. jurisdictions, and U.S. officials filed for his 
extradition.<sup>[159][160]</sup> Guzmán was initially granted an injunction preventing immediate extradition to the United States.<sup>[161]</sup> On 25 February, a Mexican federal judge set the trial in motion for drug-related and organized crime charges,<sup>[162]</sup> On 4 March 2014, a Mexican federal court issued a formal charge against Guzmán for his involvement in organized crime.<sup>[163][164]</sup>

On 5 March 2014, a Mexico City federal court rejected Guzmán's 
injunction against extradition to the U.S. on the grounds that the U.S. 
officials had not formally requested his extradition from Mexico. The 
court said that if the U.S. files a request in the future, Guzmán can 
petition for another injunction.<sup>[165]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The court had until 9 April 2014 to issue a formal declaration of the 
injunction's rejection, and Guzmán's lawyers could appeal the court's 
decision in the meantime.<sup>[166]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The same day that the injunction was rejected, another federal court 
issued formal charges against Guzmán, totaling up to five different 
Mexican federal courts where he is wanted for drug trafficking and 
organized crime charges.<sup>[167]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The court explained that although Guzmán faces charges in several 
different courts, he cannot be sentenced for the same crime twice 
because that would violate Article 23 of the Constitution of Mexico.<sup>[168]</sup>

On 17 April 2014, the Attorney General of Mexico, Jesús Murillo Karam,
<nowiki> </nowiki>said that Mexico had no intention of extraditing Guzmán to the U.S. 
even if a formal request were to be presented. He said he wished to see 
Guzmán face charges in Mexico, and expressed his disagreement with how 
the U.S. cuts deals with extradited Mexican criminals by reducing their 
sentences (as in Vicente Zambada Niebla's case) in exchange for information.<sup>[169]</sup>

On 16 July 2014, Guzmán reportedly helped organize a five-day hunger 
strike in the prison in cooperation with inmate and former drug lord Edgar Valdez Villarreal (''alias''
<nowiki> </nowiki>"La Barbie"). Over 1,000 prisoners reportedly participated in the 
protest and complained of the prison's poor hygiene, food, and medical 
treatment. The Mexican government confirmed that the strike took place 
and that the prisoners' demands were satisfied, but denied that Guzmán 
or Valdez Villarreal were involved in it given their status as prisoners
<nowiki> </nowiki>in solitary confinement.<sup>[170][171]</sup>

On 25 September 2014, Guzmán and his former business partner Zambada were indicted by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York in Brooklyn.<sup>[172]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>According to the court documents, both of them conspired to kill 
Mexican law enforcement officers, government officials, and members of 
the Mexican Armed Forces. Among the people killed under the alleged 
orders of Guzmán were Roberto Velasco Bravo (2008), the chief of 
Mexico's organized crime investigatory division; Rafael Ramírez Jaime 
(2008), the chief of the arrest division of the Attorney General's 
Office; Rodolfo Carrillo Fuentes (2004), former leader of the Juárez 
Cartel, among other criminals from the Tijuana, Los Zetas, Beltrán 
Leyva, and Juárez crime syndicates.<sup>[173]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The court alleged that Guzmán used professional assassins to carry out 
"... hundreds of acts of violence, including murders, assaults, 
kidnappings, assassinations and acts of torture".<sup>[174]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>In addition, it alleged that he oversaw a drug-trafficking empire that 
transported multi-ton shipments of narcotics from South America, through
<nowiki> </nowiki>Central America and Mexico, and then to the U.S., and that his network 
was facilitated by corrupt law enforcement and public officials.<sup>[173]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>It also alleged that Guzmán laundered more than US$14 billion in drug 
proceeds along with several other high-ranking drug lords.<sup>[175]</sup>

On 11 November 2014, a federal court in Sinaloa granted Guzmán an 
injunction for weaponry charges after the judge determined that the 
arrest was not carried out the way the Mexican Navy reported it.<sup>[176]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>According to law enforcement, the Navy apprehended Guzmán after they 
received an anonymous tip on an armed individual in the hotel where he 
was staying. However, no evidence of the anonymous tip was provided. The
<nowiki> </nowiki>judge also determined that the investigations leading to his arrest 
were not presented in court. He determined that law enforcement's 
version of the arrest had several irregularities because the Navy did 
not have a raid warrant when they entered the premises and arrested 
Guzmán (when he was not the subject matter of the anonymous tip in the 
first place).<sup>[177]</sup>

On 20 January 2015, Guzmán requested another injunction through his 
lawyer Andrés Granados Flores to prevent his extradition to the U.S.<sup>[178]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>His defense argued that if he were to be extradited and judged in a 
foreign court, his constitutional rights would be violated as expressed 
in Articles 1, 14, 16, 17, 18 and 20 of the Constitution of Mexico.<sup>[179]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>The decision of his defense was made after Attorney General Murillo 
Karam said at a press conference that the U.S. was pushing to formally 
request his extradition.<sup>[180]</sup> The PGR and Mexico's Secretariat of Foreign Affairs
<nowiki> </nowiki>stated that Guzmán had a provisional arrest with extradition purposes 
from the U.S. government since 17 February 2001, but that the formal 
proceedings to officiate the extradition were not realized because 
investigators considered that the request was outdated and believed it 
would have been difficult to gather potential witnesses.<sup>[181]</sup> Murillo Karam said that the Mexican government would process the request when they deemed it appropriate.<sup>[182]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>He asked for a second injunction preventing his extradition on 26 
January. Mexico City federal judge Fabricio Villegas asked federal 
authorities to confirm in 24 hours if there was a pending extradition 
request against Guzmán.<sup>[183]</sup>
<nowiki> </nowiki>In a press conference the following day, Murillo Karam said that he was
<nowiki> </nowiki>expecting a request from Washington, but said that they would not 
extradite him until he faces charges and completes his sentences in 
Mexico. If all the charges are added up, Guzmán may receive a sentence 
between 300 and 400 years.<sup>[184][185]</sup>