Juvénal Habyarimana: Difference between revisions
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{{Villain_Infobox | {{Villain_Infobox | ||
| | |image = Juvenal_Habiyarmana.jpg | ||
|fullname = Juvénal Habyarimana | |fullname = Juvénal Habyarimana | ||
|alias = Kinani | |alias = Kinani | ||
|origin = Gisenyi, Ruanda-Urundi | |origin = Gisenyi, Ruanda-Urundi | ||
|occupation = President of Rwanda (1973 - 1994) | |occupation = President of Rwanda (1973 - 1994) | ||
|type of villain = | |type of villain = Xenophobic Dictator | ||
|goals = Keep the Tutsis out of the government (failed)<br>Implement the Arusha Accords (failed) | |goals = Keep the Tutsis out of the government (failed)<br>Implement the Arusha Accords (failed) | ||
|crimes = Corruption<br> | |crimes = Corruption<br>[[Xenophobia]]<br>[[Authoritarianism]]<br>[[Genocide]]<br>Mass [[murder]]<br>[[War crimes]]<br>[[Ethnic cleansing]] | ||
|hobby = }}{{Quote|Our job is to cultivate. All the rest is good luck.|Juvénal Habyarimana}}'''Juvénal Habyarimana''' (March 8, 1937 – April 6, 1994) was the 2nd President of the Republic of Rwanda, serving from 1973 until 1994. He was nicknamed "Kinani", a Kinyarwanda word meaning "invincible". He described himself as a "Moderate Hutu" and even allowed ethnic Tutsis to start their own businesses, yet tried to keep them out of government. | |hobby = Sign decrees that prohibit the return of insurgents | ||
}} | |||
{{Quote|Our job is to cultivate. All the rest is good luck.|Juvénal Habyarimana}}'''Juvénal Habyarimana''' (March 8, 1937 – April 6, 1994) was the 2nd President of the Republic of Rwanda, serving from 1973 until 1994. He was nicknamed "Kinani", a Kinyarwanda word meaning "invincible". He described himself as a "Moderate Hutu" and even allowed ethnic Tutsis to start their own businesses, yet tried to keep them out of government. | |||
==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
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On July 5, 1973, while serving as Army Chief of Staff, Habyarimana seized power in a ''coup d'état'' against the incumbent President [[Grégoire Kayibanda]] and ousting Kayibanda's ruling [[Parmehutu]] party. In 1975, he created the [[MRND]] as the country's only legal party. The government stayed almost entirely in military hands until 1978, when a new constitution was approved in a referendum. At the same time, Habyarimana was elected to a five-year term as president. He was reelected in single-candidate elections in 1983 and 1988. | On July 5, 1973, while serving as Army Chief of Staff, Habyarimana seized power in a ''coup d'état'' against the incumbent President [[Grégoire Kayibanda]] and ousting Kayibanda's ruling [[Parmehutu]] party. In 1975, he created the [[MRND]] as the country's only legal party. The government stayed almost entirely in military hands until 1978, when a new constitution was approved in a referendum. At the same time, Habyarimana was elected to a five-year term as president. He was reelected in single-candidate elections in 1983 and 1988. | ||
Habyarimana was a dictator, and electoral fraud was suspected for his unopposed re-elections: 98.99% of the vote on 24 December 1978, 99.97% of the vote on 19 December 1983, and 99.98% of the vote on 19 December 1988. During his rule, Rwanda became a [[fascist]] totalitarian order in which his MRND-party enforcers required people to chant and dance in adulation of the President at mass pageants of political "animation". While the country as a whole had become slightly less impoverished during Habyarimana's tenure, the great majority of Rwandans remained in circumstances of extreme poverty. | Habyarimana was a dictator, and electoral fraud was suspected for his unopposed re-elections: 98.99% of the vote on 24 December 1978, 99.97% of the vote on 19 December 1983, and 99.98% of the vote on 19 December 1988 but they did not organize free elections which were held in 1993 after legalizing opposition parties, after multy-party auge. During his rule, Rwanda became a [[fascist]] totalitarian order in which his MRND-party enforcers required people to chant and dance in adulation of the President at mass pageants of political "animation". While the country as a whole had become slightly less impoverished during Habyarimana's tenure, the great majority of Rwandans remained in circumstances of extreme poverty. | ||
A Hutu himself, he initially won favor among both Hutu and Tutsi groups given his administration's reluctance to implement policies that catered to his primarily Hutu supporters. This restraint did not last and Habyarimana eventually began to oversee a government that mirrored the policies of Kayibanda. Quotas were once again applied to jobs for "universities and government services" which intentionally disadvantaged Tutsis. As Habyarimana continued to favor a smaller and smaller coterie of supporters, the more Hutu groups —slighted by the nation's leader— cooperated with Tutsis to weaken his leadership. | A Hutu himself, he initially won favor among both Hutu and Tutsi groups given his administration's reluctance to implement policies that catered to his primarily Hutu supporters. This restraint did not last and Habyarimana eventually began to oversee a government that mirrored the policies of Kayibanda. Quotas were once again applied to jobs for "universities and government services" which intentionally disadvantaged Tutsis. As Habyarimana continued to favor a smaller and smaller coterie of supporters, the more Hutu groups —slighted by the nation's leader— cooperated with Tutsis to weaken his leadership. | ||
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On April 6, 1994, he died when his plane, which also transported the president of neighboring Burundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira, was shot down over Kigali by a surface-to-air missile. His assassination ignited ethnic tensions in the region and helped spark the [[Rwandan Genocide]]. | On April 6, 1994, he died when his plane, which also transported the president of neighboring Burundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira, was shot down over Kigali by a surface-to-air missile. His assassination ignited ethnic tensions in the region and helped spark the [[Rwandan Genocide]]. | ||
To this day, it is unknown who fired the missile that shot down Habyarimana's plane. Some believe that it was the RPF acting on orders from Paul Kagame, while others believe that it was [[Hutu Power]] followers within the Rwandan Army (possibly acting on orders from Colonel [[Théoneste Bagosora]].) | To this day, it is unknown who fired the missile that shot down Habyarimana's plane. Some believe that it was the RPF acting on orders from Paul Kagame, while others believe that it was [[Hutu Power]] followers within the Rwandan Army (possibly acting on orders from Colonel [[Théoneste Bagosora]].) When Juvénal Habyarimana signs a power-sharing peace agreement with the RPF, Hutu extremists begin to wonder if the president has not become a "traitor". In December 1993, the extremist magazine Kangura headlined "Habyarimana will die in March 1994", claiming that the killers were Hutus bought by the "cockroaches" (members of the RPF). | ||
After his death, his remains somehow ended up in the hands of [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], the president of neighboring Zaire. Mobutu kept Habyarimana's remains in a private mausoleum in Gbadolite. Mobutu promised Habyarimana's family that his body would eventually be given a proper burial in Rwanda. However, once the First Congo War got under way, this never came to fruition, and Mobutu would eventually flee the country all together. What exactly happened to Habyarimana's remains after this is unknown, though it is widely believed that they were burned and buried somewhere in Kinasha. | After his death, his remains somehow ended up in the hands of [[Mobutu Sese Seko]], the president of neighboring Zaire. Mobutu kept Habyarimana's remains in a private mausoleum in Gbadolite. Mobutu promised Habyarimana's family that his body would eventually be given a proper burial in Rwanda. However, once the First Congo War got under way, this never came to fruition, and Mobutu would eventually flee the country all together. What exactly happened to Habyarimana's remains after this is unknown, though it is widely believed that they were burned and buried somewhere in Kinasha. | ||
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[[Category:Presidents]] | [[Category:Presidents]] | ||
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[[Category:Evil vs Evil]] | [[Category:Evil vs. Evil]] | ||
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[[Category:Rwanda]] | [[Category:Rwanda]] | ||
[[Category:Christianity]] | |||
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[[Category:Affably Evil]] | |||
[[Category:Neutral Evil]] | |||
[[Category:Cult Leader]] | |||
[[Category:Totalitarians]] | |||
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[[Category:Misogynists]] | |||
[[Category:Anti-LGBT]] | |||
[[Category:Mass Murderers]] | |||