Juvénal Habyarimana: Difference between revisions

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|goals = Keep the Tutsis out of the government (failed)<br>Implement the Arusha Accords (failed)

|crimes = Corruption<br>Election fraud<br>[[Authoritarianism]]<br>[[Genocide]]

|hobby =~~Contain the population eager for Genocide~~

|hobby =

}}

{{Quote|Our job is to cultivate. All the rest is good luck.|Juvénal Habyarimana}}'''Juvénal Habyarimana''' (March 8, 1937 – April 6, 1994) was the 2nd President of the Republic of Rwanda, serving from 1973 until 1994. He was nicknamed "Kinani", a Kinyarwanda word meaning "invincible". He described himself as a "Moderate Hutu" and even allowed ethnic Tutsis to start their own businesses, yet tried to keep them out of government.

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By the start of the invasion from Uganda by the army of the Rwanda Patriotic Front, a rebel army made up mostly of refugee Tutsi who had helped Uganda's Museveni seize control of the presidency, Habyarimana's supporters had shrunk down to the ''[[akazu]]'' ("little house" or "President's household"), which was mainly composed of an informal group of [[Hutu Power]] adherents from his home region, namely from the northwestern provinces of Gisenyi and Ruhengeri.

From 1975 to 1990, the MRND and the Habyarimana government were one. Local administrations simultaneously represented the official party as well as the local authority. Legal and party policies were communicated and enforced from the Head of State down through the local administrative units, especially the general policy of Umuganda where Rwandans were required to "allocate half a day's labour per week" to infrastructural projects. Habyarimana is sometimes described as a moderate though the party is said to have used right-wing [[propaganda]] methods, advanced a conservative political agenda and was anti-communist~~. He signed a decree that prohibits the return of exiles in Zaire and Uganda~~.

From 1975 to 1990, the MRND and the Habyarimana government were one. Local administrations simultaneously represented the official party as well as the local authority. Legal and party policies were communicated and enforced from the Head of State down through the local administrative units, especially the general policy of Umuganda where Rwandans were required to "allocate half a day's labour per week" to infrastructural projects. Habyarimana is sometimes described as a moderate though the party is said to have used right-wing [[propaganda]] methods, advanced a conservative political agenda and was anti-communist.

However, in 1990, before the [[Rwandan Patriotic Front]] (RPF) invasion, and because of mounting pressure from several sources—Rwanda's main ally and financial backer, France, its main funders, the IMF and the World Bank, and from its own citizens wishing for a greater voice and economic change—he agreed to allow the formation of other parties such as the Republican Democratic Movement, the Social Democratic Party, the Liberal Party and the Christian Democratic Party. In 1993, Habyarimana met with RPF leader [[Paul Kagame]] and announced he would form a coalition government with the RPF by signing the Arusha Accords~~. Habyarimana did not organize the first multiparty elections for the period 1993-1998~~.

However, in 1990, before the [[Rwandan Patriotic Front]] (RPF) invasion, and because of mounting pressure from several sources—Rwanda's main ally and financial backer, France, its main funders, the IMF and the World Bank, and from its own citizens wishing for a greater voice and economic change—he agreed to allow the formation of other parties such as the Republican Democratic Movement, the Social Democratic Party, the Liberal Party and the Christian Democratic Party. In 1993, Habyarimana met with RPF leader [[Paul Kagame]] and announced he would form a coalition government with the RPF by signing the Arusha Accords.

On April 6, 1994, he died when his plane, which also transported the president of neighboring Burundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira, was shot down over Kigali by a surface-to-air missile. His assassination ignited ethnic tensions in the region and helped spark the [[Rwandan Genocide]].

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 |goals = Keep the Tutsis out of the government (failed)<br>Implement the Arusha Accords (failed)
 |crimes = Corruption<br>Election fraud<br>[[Authoritarianism]]<br>[[Genocide]]
-|hobby =Contain the population eager for Genocide
+|hobby =
 }}
 {{Quote|Our job is to cultivate. All the rest is good luck.|Juvénal Habyarimana}}'''Juvénal Habyarimana''' (March 8, 1937 – April 6, 1994) was the 2nd President of the Republic of Rwanda, serving from 1973 until 1994. He was nicknamed "Kinani", a Kinyarwanda word meaning "invincible". He described himself as a "Moderate Hutu" and even allowed ethnic Tutsis to start their own businesses, yet tried to keep them out of government.
@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 By the start of the invasion from Uganda by the army of the Rwanda Patriotic Front, a rebel army made up mostly of refugee Tutsi who had helped Uganda's Museveni seize control of the presidency, Habyarimana's supporters had shrunk down to the ''[[akazu]]'' ("little house" or "President's household"), which was mainly composed of an informal group of [[Hutu Power]] adherents from his home region, namely from the northwestern provinces of Gisenyi and Ruhengeri.
-From 1975 to 1990, the MRND and the Habyarimana government were one. Local administrations simultaneously represented the official party as well as the local authority. Legal and party policies were communicated and enforced from the Head of State down through the local administrative units, especially the general policy of Umuganda where Rwandans were required to "allocate half a day's labour per week" to infrastructural projects. Habyarimana is sometimes described as a moderate though the party is said to have used right-wing [[propaganda]] methods, advanced a conservative political agenda and was anti-communist. He signed a decree that prohibits the return of exiles in Zaire and Uganda.
+From 1975 to 1990, the MRND and the Habyarimana government were one. Local administrations simultaneously represented the official party as well as the local authority. Legal and party policies were communicated and enforced from the Head of State down through the local administrative units, especially the general policy of Umuganda where Rwandans were required to "allocate half a day's labour per week" to infrastructural projects. Habyarimana is sometimes described as a moderate though the party is said to have used right-wing [[propaganda]] methods, advanced a conservative political agenda and was anti-communist.
-However, in 1990, before the [[Rwandan Patriotic Front]] (RPF) invasion, and because of mounting pressure from several sources—Rwanda's main ally and financial backer, France, its main funders, the IMF and the World Bank, and from its own citizens wishing for a greater voice and economic change—he agreed to allow the formation of other parties such as the Republican Democratic Movement, the Social Democratic Party, the Liberal Party and the Christian Democratic Party. In 1993, Habyarimana met with RPF leader [[Paul Kagame]] and announced he would form a coalition government with the RPF by signing the Arusha Accords. Habyarimana did not organize the first multiparty elections for the period 1993-1998.
+However, in 1990, before the [[Rwandan Patriotic Front]] (RPF) invasion, and because of mounting pressure from several sources—Rwanda's main ally and financial backer, France, its main funders, the IMF and the World Bank, and from its own citizens wishing for a greater voice and economic change—he agreed to allow the formation of other parties such as the Republican Democratic Movement, the Social Democratic Party, the Liberal Party and the Christian Democratic Party. In 1993, Habyarimana met with RPF leader [[Paul Kagame]] and announced he would form a coalition government with the RPF by signing the Arusha Accords.
 On April 6, 1994, he died when his plane, which also transported the president of neighboring Burundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira, was shot down over Kigali by a surface-to-air missile. His assassination ignited ethnic tensions in the region and helped spark the [[Rwandan Genocide]].