Mohammad Najibullah: Difference between revisions

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|hobby =translate Peter Hopkirk's book The great game into his mother tongue }}

{{quote|I didn't want to be president, you talked me into it, insisted on it, and promised support. Now you are throwing me and the Republic of Afghanistan to its fate.|Mohammad Najibullah}}

'''Najibullah Ahmadzai''' (Pashto/Persian: نجیب ﷲ احمدزی‎; 6 August 1947 – 27 September 1996), commonly known as '''Najibullah''' or '''Dr. Najib''', was the President of Afghanistan from 1987 until 1992, when the mujahideen took over Kabul. He had previously held different careers under the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and was a graduate of Kabul University. Following the Saur Revolution and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Najibullah was a low profile bureaucrat: he was sent into exile as Ambassador to Iran during Hafizullah Amin's rise to power. He returned to Afghanistan following the Soviet intervention which toppled Amin's rule and placed Babrak Karmal as head of state, party and government. During Karmal's rule, Najibullah became head of the [[KHAD]], the Afghan equivalent of the Soviet [[KGB (Soviet Union)|KGB]]. He was a member of the Parcham faction led by Karmal.

'''Najibullah Ahmadzai''' (Pashto/Persian: نجیب ﷲ احمدزی‎; 6 August 1947 – 27 September 1996), commonly known as '''Najibullah''' or '''Dr. Najib''', was the President of Afghanistan from 1987 until 1992, when the mujahideen took over Kabul.

==Biography==

Najibullah was born in 6 august 1947 in the city of Kabul, in the Kingdom of Afghanistan. His ancestral village is located between the towns of Said Karam and Gardēz in Paktia Province, this place is known as Mehlan. He was educated at Habibia High School in Kabul, St. Joseph's School in Baramulla, India and Kabul University, where he graduated with a doctor degree in medicine in 1975. He belongs to the Ahmadzai sub-tribe of the Ghilzai Pashtun tribe in Gardiz.

He had previously held different careers under the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and was a graduate of Kabul University. Following the Saur Revolution and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Najibullah was a low profile bureaucrat: he was sent into exile as Ambassador to Iran during Hafizullah Amin's rise to power. He returned to Afghanistan following the Soviet intervention which toppled Amin's rule and placed Babrak Karmal as head of state, party and government. During Karmal's rule, Najibullah became head of the [[KHAD]], the Afghan equivalent of the Soviet [[KGB (Soviet Union)|KGB]]. He was a member of the Parcham faction led by Karmal.

During Najibullah's tenure as KHAD head, it became one of the most brutally efficient governmental organs. Because of this, he gained the attention of several leading Soviet officials, such as [[Yuri Andropov]], Dmitriy Ustinov and Boris Ponomarev. In 1981, Najibullah was appointed to the PDPA Politburo. In 1985 Najibullah stepped down as state security minister to focus on PDPA politics; he had been appointed to the PDPA Secretariat.

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 |hobby =translate Peter Hopkirk's book The great game into his mother tongue }}
 {{quote|I didn't want to be president, you talked me into it, insisted on it, and promised support. Now you are throwing me and the Republic of Afghanistan to its fate.|Mohammad Najibullah}}
-'''Najibullah Ahmadzai''' (Pashto/Persian: نجیب ﷲ احمدزی‎; 6 August 1947 – 27 September 1996), commonly known as '''Najibullah''' or '''Dr. Najib''', was the President of Afghanistan from 1987 until 1992, when the mujahideen took over Kabul. He had previously held different careers under the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and was a graduate of Kabul University. Following the Saur Revolution and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Najibullah was a low profile bureaucrat: he was sent into exile as Ambassador to Iran during Hafizullah Amin's rise to power. He returned to Afghanistan following the Soviet intervention which toppled Amin's rule and placed Babrak Karmal as head of state, party and government. During Karmal's rule, Najibullah became head of the [[KHAD]], the Afghan equivalent of the Soviet [[KGB (Soviet Union)|KGB]]. He was a member of the Parcham faction led by Karmal.
+'''Najibullah Ahmadzai''' (Pashto/Persian: نجیب ﷲ احمدزی‎; 6 August 1947 – 27 September 1996), commonly known as '''Najibullah''' or '''Dr. Najib''', was the President of Afghanistan from 1987 until 1992, when the mujahideen took over Kabul.
+==Biography==
+Najibullah was born in 6 august 1947 in the city of Kabul, in the Kingdom of Afghanistan. His ancestral village is located between the towns of Said Karam and Gardēz in Paktia Province, this place is known as Mehlan. He was educated at Habibia High School in Kabul, St. Joseph's School in Baramulla, India and Kabul University, where he graduated with a doctor degree in medicine in 1975. He belongs to the Ahmadzai sub-tribe of the Ghilzai Pashtun tribe in Gardiz.
+He had previously held different careers under the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) and was a graduate of Kabul University. Following the Saur Revolution and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Najibullah was a low profile bureaucrat: he was sent into exile as Ambassador to Iran during Hafizullah Amin's rise to power. He returned to Afghanistan following the Soviet intervention which toppled Amin's rule and placed Babrak Karmal as head of state, party and government. During Karmal's rule, Najibullah became head of the [[KHAD]], the Afghan equivalent of the Soviet [[KGB (Soviet Union)|KGB]]. He was a member of the Parcham faction led by Karmal.
 During Najibullah's tenure as KHAD head, it became one of the most brutally efficient governmental organs. Because of this, he gained the attention of several leading Soviet officials, such as [[Yuri Andropov]], Dmitriy Ustinov and Boris Ponomarev. In 1981, Najibullah was appointed to the PDPA Politburo. In 1985 Najibullah stepped down as state security minister to focus on PDPA politics; he had been appointed to the PDPA Secretariat.