Mohammad Najibullah: Difference between revisions

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The 1990 constitution declared that Afghanistan was an Islamic state, and the last references to communism were eliminated. Article 1 of the 1990 Constitution said that Afghanistan was an "independent, unitary and Islamic state."

Throughout his tenure, he tried to build support for his government via the National Reconciliation reforms by distancing from communism in favor of Afghan nationalism, abolishing the one-party state and letting non-communists join the government. He remained open to dialogue with the mujahideen and other groups, made Islam an official religion, and invited exiled businessmen back to re-take their properties. In the 1990 constitution all references to communism were removed and Islam became the state religion. These changes, coupled with others, did not win Najibullah any significant support due to his role at KHAD. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991, Najibullah was left without foreign aid. This, coupled with the internal collapse of his government, led to his resignation in April 1992.

Until 1996, in Kabul and other cities the slogan "Long live Najibulá!" This was due to the chaos prevailing in those years, which reminded people of the relative peace of the previous government. The former president's situation at the UN headquarters prompted several attempts at normalization, but no agreement was reached, he continued to live there. Najibulá took the opportunity to work on the translation of the book ''The Great Game'' , which talks about the struggle between Imperial Russia and Great Britain for influence in 19th-century Afghanistan.

[[File:Scagegoat Najibullah.jpg|left|thumb|Najibullah cruel end]]

After a failed attempt to flee to India, Najibullah remained in Kabul living in the United Nations headquarters until 1996, when the [[Taliban]] movement took Kabul. ~~The~~ Taliban abducted Najibullah and his brother from UN custody in the early morning hours of 27 September, they were taken to a house dependent on the Pakistani ISI, where they offered him the post of president of the new regime in exchange for signing a treaty to recognize the southern border of Afghanistan, the "Durand line". This was not recognized by Afghans as the legitimate border and signing that treaty would have been a serious betrayal, eventually their ideals rejected the option and then was severely beaten [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYGp_5gt00s&has_verified=1 was severely beaten and castrated too later tie him o a truck], his brother received a more lenient treatment, there they tied Najibullah to the back of a van where it was exhibited until it was taken to a public square where they were hanged both there bastardized the body of najibullah by placing cigarettes and bills in their hands.

After a failed attempt to flee to India, Najibullah remained in Kabul living in the United Nations headquarters until 1996, when the [[Taliban]] movement took Kabul. On September 26, 1996, after the takeover of Kabul by the Taliban extremists, the UN building was stormed by them and Najibulá and his brother were kidnapped, the Taliban abducted Najibullah and his brother from UN custody in the early morning hours of 27 September, they were taken to a house dependent on the Pakistani ISI, where they offered him the post of president of the new regime in exchange for signing a treaty to recognize the southern border of Afghanistan, the "Durand line". This was not recognized by Afghans as the legitimate border and signing that treaty would have been a serious betrayal, eventually their ideals rejected the option and then was severely beaten [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYGp_5gt00s&has_verified=1 was severely beaten and castrated too later tie him o a truck], his brother received a more lenient treatment, there they tied Najibullah to the back of a van where it was exhibited until it was taken to a public square where they were hanged both there bastardized the body of najibullah by placing cigarettes and bills in their hands. The Mullah [[Mohammed Omar]], the new head of the Kabul shura, declared that Najibullah was a communist and a murderer and that he had been sentenced to death by the Taliban; it was pointed out that mutilation of the body was inadmissible under any Islamic law, while the absence of a fair trial and the public exposure of the corpse aroused the aversion of many Kabulians. His body was transported to the provinces of Gardez and Paktia and then buried alongside the other members of his tribe.

By the 21st century however, public opinion turned positive and he is now seen to have been a strong and patriotic leader with a "normal" regime compared to his PDPA predecessors and the mayhem that happened after his ousting. In 2017 a pro-Najibist Watan Party was created as a continuation of Najibullah's party.

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 The 1990 constitution declared that Afghanistan was an Islamic state, and the last references to communism were eliminated. Article 1 of the 1990 Constitution said that Afghanistan was an "independent, unitary and Islamic state."
 Throughout his tenure, he tried to build support for his government via the National Reconciliation reforms by distancing from communism in favor of Afghan nationalism, abolishing the one-party state and letting non-communists join the government. He remained open to dialogue with the mujahideen and other groups, made Islam an official religion, and invited exiled businessmen back to re-take their properties. In the 1990 constitution all references to communism were removed and Islam became the state religion. These changes, coupled with others, did not win Najibullah any significant support due to his role at KHAD. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991, Najibullah was left without foreign aid. This, coupled with the internal collapse of his government, led to his resignation in April 1992.
+Until 1996, in Kabul and other cities the slogan "Long live Najibulá!" This was due to the chaos prevailing in those years, which reminded people of the relative peace of the previous government.  The former president's situation at the UN headquarters prompted several attempts at normalization, but no agreement was reached, he continued to live there. Najibulá took the opportunity to work on the translation of the book ''The Great Game'' , which talks about the struggle between Imperial Russia and Great Britain for influence in 19th-century Afghanistan.
 [[File:Scagegoat Najibullah.jpg|left|thumb|Najibullah cruel end]]
-After a failed attempt to flee to India, Najibullah remained in Kabul living in the United Nations headquarters until 1996, when the [[Taliban]] movement took Kabul. The Taliban abducted Najibullah and his brother from UN custody in the early morning hours of 27 September, they were taken to a house dependent on the Pakistani ISI, where they offered him the post of president of the new regime in exchange for signing a treaty to recognize the southern border of Afghanistan, the "Durand line". This was not recognized by Afghans as the legitimate border and signing that treaty would have been a serious betrayal, eventually their ideals rejected the option and then was severely beaten [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYGp_5gt00s&has_verified=1 was severely beaten and castrated too later tie him o a truck], his brother received a more lenient treatment, there they tied Najibullah to the back of a van where it was exhibited until it was taken to a public square where they were hanged both there bastardized the body of najibullah by placing cigarettes and bills in their hands.
+After a failed attempt to flee to India, Najibullah remained in Kabul living in the United Nations headquarters until 1996, when the [[Taliban]] movement took Kabul. On September 26, 1996, after the takeover of Kabul by the Taliban extremists, the UN building was stormed by them and Najibulá and his brother were kidnapped, the Taliban abducted Najibullah and his brother from UN custody in the early morning hours of 27 September, they were taken to a house dependent on the Pakistani ISI, where they offered him the post of president of the new regime in exchange for signing a treaty to recognize the southern border of Afghanistan, the "Durand line". This was not recognized by Afghans as the legitimate border and signing that treaty would have been a serious betrayal, eventually their ideals rejected the option and then was severely beaten [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYGp_5gt00s&has_verified=1 was severely beaten and castrated too later tie him o a truck], his brother received a more lenient treatment, there they tied Najibullah to the back of a van where it was exhibited until it was taken to a public square where they were hanged both there bastardized the body of najibullah by placing cigarettes and bills in their hands. The Mullah [[Mohammed Omar]], the new head of the Kabul shura, declared that Najibullah was a communist and a murderer and that he had been sentenced to death by the Taliban; it was pointed out that mutilation of the body was inadmissible under any Islamic law, while the absence of a fair trial and the public exposure of the corpse aroused the aversion of many Kabulians. His body was transported to the provinces of Gardez and Paktia and then buried alongside the other members of his tribe.
 By the 21st century however, public opinion turned positive and he is now seen to have been a strong and patriotic leader with a "normal" regime compared to his PDPA predecessors and the mayhem that happened after his ousting. In 2017 a pro-Najibist Watan Party was created as a continuation of Najibullah's party.