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Mohammed Boudiaf
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==Early years in the nationalist movement== Mohamed Boudiaf was born in Ouled Madhi (now in M'Sila Province]), French Algeria, to a family of former nobility, which had lost its standing and influence during colonial times. His education was cut short after primary school by poor health (tuberculosis) and his increasing activism in the nascent nationalist movement. A member of the nationalist Parti du Peuple Algérien (PPA) of [[Messali Hadj]], he later joined the successor organization [[Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties|MTLD]] and its secret paramilitary wing, the ''[[Special Organisation (Algeria)|Organisation Spéciale]]'' (OS). Boudiaf was responsible for organizing the OS network in the Sétif region, storing arms, collecting funds and preparing guerrilla warfare forces. He was sentenced ''in absentia'' to 10 years of prison by the French authorities, but avoided arrest. When Messali decided to dissolve the OS, his rivals combined with stalwarts of the guerrilla strategy to form the CRUA, a breakout committee designed to lay the groundwork for revolutionary war. Boudiaf was among them, after falling out with Messali, whom he accused of authoritarian tendencies. The CRUA - PPA/MTLD rivalry quickly spiralled towards violence, and would continue during the [[Algerian War]] until the PPA/MTLD (then reorganized as the Mouvement national algérien, MNA) was largely destroyed. In July 1954, the CRUA-aligned Boudiaf survived an assassination attempt by his former comrades-in-arms, wounded and left for dead on an Algiers sidewalk.<ref>Jacques Duchemin, ''Histoire du F. L. N.'', Editions Mimouni, [[Algiers]] 2006</ref>
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