Real-Life Villains

Editing Muammar Gaddafi

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[[File:Gaddafi.jpg|thumb|300px]]
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{{Quote|I am a Bedouin warrior who brought glory to Libya and will die a martyr.|Muammer Gaddafi}}
{{Villain_Infobox
|Image = Muammar_Gaddafi.jpg
|fullname = Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi
|alias = Colonel Gaddafi<br>Brother Leader<br>The King of Kings<br>Guide of the Revolution<br>Mad Dog of the Middle East
|origin = Qasr Abu Hadi, Italian Libya
|occupation = Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council of Libya (1969 - 1977)<br>Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1977 - 2011)
|skills = A great charisma
|hobby = Abusing his power<br>Killing his enemies and disidents<br>Raping girls<br>Drink Camel Milk<br>Ordering and funding terrorist attacks across the world
|goals = Abolish the Libyan monarchy (successful)<br>Delude the World into thinking he was merely a symbolic leader<br>Merge Egypt and Syria with Libya to form the Federation of Arab Republics (successful, later failed)<br>Merge Tunisia with Libya to form the Arab Islamic Republic (failed)<br>Take the Aouzou Strip from Chad (failed)<br>Increase Bedouin influence<br>claim damages to Italy for its colonial past in Libya (successful)<br>Stay in power (backfired)<br>Eliminate any opposition (backfired)<br>Regain control of Libya (failed)
|crimes = [[War crimes]]<br>Oppression<br>[[Crimes against humanity]]<br>[[Torture]]<br>[[Rape]]<br>Human rights violations<br>[[Terrorism]]<br>[[Mass murder]]<br>Nepotism<br>[[Americophobia]]<br>[[Misogyny]]<br>[[Persecution of Christians]]<br>[[Anti-Semitism]]<br>[[Propaganda]]<br>[[Xenophobia]]<br>[[Arms trafficking]]
|type of villain = Hedonistic Tyrant
|fate = Captured by Libyan Rebels after a NATO strike, beaten and sodomized within an inch of his life, and then was killed by a gunshot wound to the head.
}}
{{Quote|I am a Bedouin warrior who brought glory to Libya and will die a martyr.|Muammar Gaddafi}}
'''Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar Gaddafi''' (''مُعَمَّر القَذَّافِي'' ‎''Muʿammar al-Qaḏḏāfi'' ) (June 7<sup>th</sup>, 1942 – October 20<sup>th</sup>, 2011), commonly known as '''Muammar Gaddafi''' or '''Colonel Gaddafi''', was Libya's autocratic ruler from 1969, when he seized power in a bloodless military coup<ref name = Coup>[https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/qaddafi-leads-coup-in-libya Qaddafi leads coup in Libya], ''History Channel''</ref>, until 1979, and had claimed to be the country's symbolic leader until 2011 when the [[Libyan Arab Jamahiriya]] regime he established was overthrown in a [[Civil War|civil war]] which consisted of an uprising aided by a NATO intervention. However, despite insisting he was a merely a symbolic leader, his rule was authoritarian up until the very end.<ref name = Reign>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-12532929 Gaddafi's quixotic and brutal rule], ''BBC News''</ref>


His 42-year leadership prior to the uprising made him the fourth longest-serving non-royal leader since 1900, as well as the longest-serving Arab leader. He variously styled himself as "the Brother Leader" and "Guide of the Revolution"; in 2008 a meeting of traditional African rulers bestowed on him the title "King of Kings".<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7588033.stm Gaddafi: Africa's 'king of kings'], ''BBC News''</ref>
'''Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi''' (<span lang="ar" style="line-height: 1.5em; " lang="ar">مُعَمَّر القَذَّافِي</span>‎''<span class="Unicode" style="font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Free Sans', 'Gentium Plus', 'Gentium Basic', Gentium, GentiumAlt, 'DejaVu Sans', 'DejaVu Serif', 'Free Serif', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Bitstream CyberBase', 'Doulos SIL', Code2000, Code2001; white-space: normal; text-decoration: none; " title="DIN 31635 Arabic">Muʿammar al-Qaḏḏāfī</span>'' ) (June 7, 1942 – 20 October 2011), commonly known as '''Muammar Gaddafi''' or '''Colonel Gaddafi''', was Libya's autocratic ruler from 1969, when he seized power in a bloodless military coup, until 1979, and had remained the country's symbolic leader until 2011 when the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya regime he established was overthrown in a civil war which consisted of an uprising aided by a NATO intervention. His 42-year leadership prior to the uprising made him the fourth longest-serving non-royal leader since 1900, as well as the longest-serving Arab leader. He variously styled himself as "the Brother Leader" and "Guide of the Revolution"; in 2008 a meeting of traditional African rulers bestowed on him the title "King of Kings".


Gaddafi remains an extremely polarizing figure today, with some praising him for developing Libya, his anti-imperialistic stance, and his cooperation with African countries while others criticize him for his iron grip as well as human rights violations in Libya as well as his alleged funding of terrorist attacks.
<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">After seizing power in 1969, he abolished the Libyan Constitution of 1951. He established laws based on the political ideology he had formulated, called the Third International Theory and published in ''The Green Book.'' After establishing the ''jamahiriya'' ("state of the masses") system in 1977, he officially stepped down from power in 1979 and has since then held a largely symbolic role within the country's governance. Rising oil prices and extraction in Libya led to increasing revenues. By exporting as much oil per capita as Saudi Arabia and through various welfare programs, Libya achieved the highest living standards in Africa, though not as high as similarly oil-rich Gulf countries. Early during his regime, Gaddafi and his relatives took over much of the economy. Gaddafi started several wars and acquired chemical weapons. The United Nations called Libya under Gaddafi a pariah state. In the 1980s, countries around the world imposed sanctions against Gaddafi. Six days after the capture of Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein in 2006 by United States troops, Gaddafi renounced Tripoli's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs and welcomed international inspections to verify that he would follow through on the commitment. A leading advocate for a United States of Africa, he served as Chairperson of the African Union (AU) from 2 February 2009 to 31 January 2010.</p>


==Biography==
<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;">In February 2011, following revolutions in neighbouring Egypt and Tunisia, protests against Gaddafi's rule began. These escalated into an uprising that spread across the country, with the forces opposing Gaddafi establishing a government based in Benghazi named the National Transitional Council (NTC). This led to the 2011 Libyan Civil War, which included a military intervention by a NATO-led coalition to enforce a UN Security Council Resolution 1973 calling for a no-fly zone and protection of civilians in Libya. The assets of Gaddafi and his family were frozen, and both Interpol and the International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants on 27 June for Gaddafi, his son Saif al-Islam, and his brother-in-law Abdullah al-Senussi, concerning crimes against humanity. Gaddafi and his forces lost the Battle of Tripoli in August, and on 16 September 2011 the NTC took Libya's seat at the UN, replacing Gaddafi. He retained control over parts of Libya, most notably the city of Sirte, to which it was presumed that he had fled. Although Gaddafi's forces initially held out against the NTC's advances, Gaddafi was captured alive as Sirte fell to the rebel forces on Thursday the 20 October 2011, h<span style="line-height:21px;">e was beaten and killed soon after. His death was filmed and shown on news programs. After dies, disappeared [[compulsory voting]] in Libya.</span></p>
===Early years===
Born near Sirte, Italian Libya to a poor Bedouin family, Gaddafi became an Arab nationalist while at school in Sabha, later enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi. He recalled the Italian occupation on his country. As a young man, he looked up to [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]], the father of Arab nationalism. Gaddafi was fed up that Idris I had concentrated all the wealth in Libya after oil was discovered and that there were many foreign backers.
===Leader of Libya===
On September 1, 1969, the Free Unionist Officers Movement, headed by Gaddafi, overthrew King [[Idris of Libya]]. The bloodless coup started in Benghazi and within a few days, power was seized in the capital of Tripoli.<ref name = Coup></ref> After seizing power, Gaddafi abolished the Libyan Constitution of 1951. He established laws based on the political ideology he had formulated, called the Third International Theory and published in ''The Green Book.''<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/29/books/review/what-did-qaddafis-green-book-really-say.html What Did Qaddafi’s Green Book Really Say?], ''The New York Times''</ref> After establishing the ''jamahiriya'' ("state of the masses") system in 1977, he officially stepped down from power in 1979 and was seen as publicly symbolic.<ref name = Reign></ref> On July 21, 1970, he ordered that all Italians and Jews must be expelled from Libya, a day that would remain a national holiday in Libya for over 30 years.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1970/07/22/archives/property-of-italians-and-jews-confiscated-by-libyan-regime.html Property of Italians and Jews Confiscated by Libyan Regime], ''The New York Times''</ref> He also prohibited any communist activity, declaring in 1973 that anyone who participated in communist activities would be imprisoned.
 
In 1970, Gaddafi ordered the oil in Libya to be nationalized under the National Oil Corporation (NOC; Arabic: المؤسسة الوطنية للنفط). Rising oil prices and extraction in Libya led to increasing revenues after nationalizing oil. By exporting as much oil per capita as Saudi Arabia and through various welfare programs, Libya achieved some of the highest living standards in Africa.<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/libya-oil-exports-2011-2 Everything You Need To Know About The Libyan Oil Industry], ''Business Insider''</ref>
 
Early during his regime, Gaddafi and his relatives took over much of the economy. Gaddafi started several wars with neighboring countries Egypt and Chad and acquired chemical weapons. The United Nations called Libya under Gaddafi a pariah state. During his tenure, he warned that anyone who forms a political party would be executed.
 
===Allies and enemies===
During the [[Cold War]], Gaddafi developed strong ties to the Soviet Union and cultivated alliances with [[Idi Amin]] of Uganda (with Libya supporting Uganda during their war with Tanzania) and [[Hafez al-Assad]] of Syria during this time period, though his relations with Amin would sour later on. In 1980, Gaddafi and Assad proposed a political union, with Libya promising to pay off Syria's £1 billion debt to the Soviet Union; although pressures led Assad to pull out, they remained allies. He also sided with Palestine in the ongoing conflict between Palestine and Israel and forged an alliance with Palestine Liberation Organization leader [[Yasser Arafat]]<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/1987/0325/ofat.html INTERVIEW WITH PLO CHIEF. Arafat regains Qaddafi's support. Libyan leader joins in quest for Palestinian unity], ''The Christian Science Monitor''</ref>, but this alliance later collapsed when Gaddafi came to believe that Arafat was "too moderate" towards Israel, preferring more violent action. It has been rumored that Gaddafi funded the [[Black September]] group and aided them in carrying out the [[Munich Massacre]].<ref>[https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2022-04-20/ty-article/the-libyan-connection-new-report-highlights-gadhafis-role-in-munich-massacre/00000180-655e-d5b7-a3e3-f75fd4210000 New Report Highlights Libya's Role in Munich Massacre of Israeli Athletes], ''Haaretz''</ref><ref name = Israel>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-his-last-days-gaddafi-turned-to-israel-for-help-report/ In his last days, Gaddafi reportedly turned to Israel for help, was spurned], ''The Times of Israel''</ref>
 
Libya had long supported the [[FROLINAT]] militia in neighbouring Chad, and in December 1980, re-invaded Chad at the request of the FROLINAT-controlled GUNT government to aid in the [[Civil War|civil war]]; in January 1981, Gaddafi suggested a political merger. The Organisation of African Unity (OAU) rejected this and called for a Libyan withdrawal, which came about in November 1981. The civil war resumed, and so Libya sent troops back in, clashing with French forces who supported the southern Chadian forces lead by [[Hissène Habré]].<ref name = Chad>[https://www.sealionpress.co.uk/post/forgotten-conflict-the-libyan-chadian-war Forgotten Conflicts: The Libyan-Chadian War], ''Sea Lion Press''</ref>
 
Many African nations were tired of Libya's interference in their affairs; by 1980, nine African states had severed diplomatic relations with Libya, while in 1982 the OAU cancelled its scheduled conference in Tripoli to prevent Gaddafi gaining chairmanship. Some African states, such as [[Jerry Rawlings]]' Ghana and [[Thomas Sankara]]'s Burkina Faso, nevertheless had warm relations with Libya during the 1980s. Proposing political unity with Morocco, in August 1984, Gaddafi and Moroccan monarch [[Hassan II of Morocco|Hassan II]] signed the Oujda Treaty, forming the Arab–African Union; such a union was considered surprising due to the strong political differences and longstanding enmity that existed between the two governments. Relations remained strained, particularly due to Morocco's friendly relations with the US and Israel; in August 1986, Hassan abolished the union.<ref>[https://northafricapost.com/16081-morocco-libya-gaddafi-plotted-assassinate-hassan-ii-cia-reveals.html Morocco-Libya: Gaddafi Plotted to Assassinate Hassan II, CIA Reveals], ''The North Africa Post''</ref>
 
Gaddafi was also an outspoken opponent of [[Apartheid]] and was a strong supporter of Nelson Mandela and the African National Congress. He became such a strong supporter of the ANC that Mandela later named one of his grandsons Zondwa Gaddafi Mandela.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/12/10/the-last-great-liberator-why-mandela-made-and-stayed-friends-with-dictators/ ‘The last great liberator’: Why Mandela made and stayed friends with dictators], ''The Washington Post''</ref>
 
It is also known that his regime tortured and murdered former officer [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_Muhayshi Umar Muhayshi] in January 1984 who survived more than one assassination attempt.
 
===Activities in the 1990's===
In the 1980s, the Reagan Administration implemented sanctions against Gaddafi. Several other countries would follow suit. Gaddafi also faced growing opposition within his own borders as well during this time period, mostly from [[Militant Islam|militant Islamist]] groups such as the [[Muslim Brotherhood]]. In response, security forces raided mosques believed to be centers of counter-revolutionary preaching. In October 1993, elements of the increasingly marginalized army initiated a failed coup in Misrata, while in September 1995, Islamists launched an insurgency in Benghazi, and in July 1996 an anti-Gaddafist football riot broke out in Tripoli. The Revolutionary Committees experienced a resurgence to combat these Islamists.
 
Gaddafi claimed responsibility for the [[Lockerbie bombing]] of December 1988.<ref>[https://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/2011/02/23/ex-minister-gaddafi-ordered-lockerbie Ex-Minister: Gaddafi Ordered Lockerbie], ''The Daily Beast''</ref>
 
In 1991, he met with Pakistani Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]] and demanded Pakistan sell nuclear weapons to Libya. After Sharif refused, urging economic ties, Gaddafi insulted him by calling him a "corrupt politician", prompting Sharif to remove the Libyan ambassador to Pakistan, cancelling further talks until 1993 after Sharif resigned.
 
In 1995, feeling that previous peace accords were not enough, Gaddafi decided to expel all Palestinian refugees from Libya along with several foreign workers from countries such as Sudan, Iraq, etc, believing that Israel would create a Palestinian state without Palestinians. This move was widely condemned by various organizations such as the United Nations, the Arab League, and the Palestinian Liberation Organization. This caused many Palestinian refugees to be stranded between the Libyan-Egyptian border, which only let through Palestinians coming in through Jordan or the Gaza Strip
 
Muammar Gaddafi was the intellectual author and key financier of the brutal war that left hundreds of thousands dead in Sierra Leone in West Africa in the 1990s perpetrated by [[Charles Taylor]] (currently imprisoned in Frankland). The war would not have happened in the first place had it not been for the desire of the Libyan leader to punish the rebel government of Sierra Leone.<ref name = Leone>[https://www.shout-africa.com/top-story/libya-indict-muammar-gaddafi-now-for-war-crimes-in-sierra-leone/ Libya: Indict Muammar Gaddafi now for War Crimes in Sierra Leone.], ''Shout Africa''</ref>
 
===During the 2000's===
When [[Al-Qaeda]] perpetrated the [[September 11 attacks|September 11 terrorist attacks]] on the World Trade Center in New York City, Gaddafi publicly condemned their actions and attempted to rebuild relations with the United States.<ref>[https://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1194766,00.html Why Gaddafi's Now a Good Guy], ''Time''</ref> However, with the beginning of the War on Terror and the US' subsequent invasion of both Afghanistan and Iraq, Gaddafi rescinded his attempts to reconcile with the US, believing that this was the wrong way to handle the situation. His stance on this only got stronger as the wars dragged on through the years.
 
Six days after the capture of Iraqi dictator [[Saddam Hussein]] in 2003 by United States troops, Gaddafi renounced Tripoli's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs and welcomed international inspections to verify that he would follow through on the commitment.<ref name = Reign></ref> A leading advocate for the United States of Africa<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-africa-summit-gaddafi/we-can-build-united-states-of-africa-gaddafi-says-idUSTRE66Q70620100727 We can build United States of Africa, Gaddafi says], ''Reuters''</ref>, he served as Chairperson of the African Union (AU) from February 2<sup>nd</sup>, 2009 to January 31<sup>st</sup>, 2010. In August 2010, he traveled to Italy and lectured on Islam to 500 women, giving them a copy of the Qur'an. One of the attendees said that the meeting was like a kind of catechesis and that Gaddafi told her that the first step towards Islamizing Europe was Turkey's entry into the European Union.
===Civil war and downfall===
In February 2011, following revolutions in neighboring Egypt and Tunisia, protests against Gaddafi's rule began. These escalated into an uprising that spread across the country, with the forces opposing Gaddafi establishing a government based in Benghazi named the National Transitional Council (NTC). Gaddafi and his sons responded with violence and brutality with his forces using knives and heavy weapons against unarmed protesters, mass rapes were also committed by their forces.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/program/people-power/2011/6/29/libya-war-and-rape Libya: War and rape?], ''Al Jazeera''</ref> They were also about to commit a [[genocide]] in Benghazi which caused NATO to intervene. Mohammed Nabbous, who focused on drawing international attention to the humanitarian crisis unfolding in Libya during the war, was allegedly shot in the head by a sniper shortly after covering the Gaddafi's government ceasefire declaration in March 2011.
 
The Special Court for Sierra Leone held accountable for his role as the financial perpetrator of the massacres that caused around 50,000 deaths in the country during the Sierra Leone Civil War, David M. Crane, the court's founding prosecutor , alleged that Gaddafi trained, financed weapons and sent soldiers based on his bad relationship with the country based on a boycott led by [[Siaka Stevens]], Charles Taylor ensured the participation of Colonel Libio, Crane claimed that his calls for justice were not heeded due to that the West improved its ties with Gaddafi.<ref name = Leone></ref>
 
This led to the 2011 Libyan Civil War, which included a military intervention by a NATO-led coalition to enforce a UN Security Council Resolution 1973 calling for a no-fly zone and protection of civilians in Libya. The assets of Gaddafi and his family were frozen, and both Interpol and the International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants on June 27<sup>th</sup> for Gaddafi, his son [[Saif al-Islam Gaddafi]], and his brother-in-law [[Abdullah Senussi]], concerning crimes against humanity.<ref>[https://www.icc-cpi.int/libya/gaddafi Gaddafi Case], International Criminal Court</ref>
 
[[File:Article-0-0E7B636000000578-526 634x441.jpg|thumb|Gaddafi being lynched after being wounded by a grenade]]
Gaddafi and his forces lost the Battle of Tripoli in August<ref>[https://www.thedailybeast.com/muammar-gaddafi-and-the-fate-of-libyas-rebellion-in-tripoli-the-daily-beast-reports?ref=topic Muammar Gaddafi and the Fate of Libya’s Rebellion in Tripoli: The Daily Beast Reports], ''The Daily Beast''</ref>, and on September 16<sup>th</sup>, 2011 the NTC took Libya's seat at the UN, replacing Gaddafi. He retained control over parts of Libya, most notably the city of Sirte, to which it was presumed that he had fled. Although Gaddafi's forces initially held out against the NTC's advances, Gaddafi was captured alive in a drainage tunnel as Sirte fell to the rebel forces on Thursday the October 20<sup>th</sup>, 2011 when he tried to escape from Libya. He was brutally beaten, slashed, shot several times, and sodomized to an inch of his life by enraged and vengeful rebels before finally being killed by an unidentified rebel with a gunshot to the head. It was reported that during the flogging, Gaddafi, who had once been the most feared man in Libya for over 4 decades, was pleading for mercy and begging for his life. His son Mutassim as well as Abu Bakr Yunus Jabr, the Defense Minister of Libya under him, were captured and killed alongside him. His death was filmed and shown on news programs.<ref>[https://www.theafricareport.com/138541/on-this-day-18-october-2011-libyas-muammar-gaddafi-is-killed/ On this day: 20 October 2011, Libya’s Muammar Gaddafi is killed], ''The Africa Report''</ref> After his death, their bodies were denied an Islamic funeral (which calls for the bodies to be buried within 24 hours), stored in a freezer for 5 days, and buried in unmarked graves in the Libyan desert to ensure that a shrine could not be built.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/25/gaddafi-buried-in-unmarked-grave Gaddafi buried in unmarked grave in Libya desert to avoid creating shrine], ''The Guardian''</ref>
 
Since Gaddafi's death, Libya's central government has effectively collapsed and civil war has continued to rage in Libya as various factions fight against each other to gain control of the country.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/2021/06/27/1010676961/libya-remains-unstable-nearly-a-decade-after-muammar-gaddafis-ousting Libya Remains Unstable Nearly A Decade After Muammar Gaddafi's Ousting], ''NPR''</ref> Several factions of pro-Gaddafi loyalists have been formed over the years in attempts to restore the Jamahiriya, with no success.<ref>[https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20211020-ten-years-after-gaddafi-s-death-a-libyan-town-still-yearns-for-his-rule Ten years after Gaddafi’s death, a Libyan town still yearns for his rule], ''France 24''</ref> The civil war officially came to an end in 2020, with Libya currently under the rule of the provisional Government of National Unity.
 
==Terrorist organizations funded by Gaddafi==
Gaddafi provided aid to many terrorist groups during his lifetime. These include:
*[[Irish Republican Army|Provisional IRA]]<ref>[https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/libya-gaddafi-financial-support-ira-stunned-british-intelligence Libya: Extent of Gaddafi's financial support for IRA stunned British intelligence], ''Middle East Eye''</ref>
*[[FARC]]<ref>[https://en.mercopress.com/2011/10/24/colombian-president-claims-gaddafi-supported-farc-with-money Colombian president claims Gaddafi supported FARC with money], ''MercoPress''</ref>
*[[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]]
*[[ETA]]
*[[Abu Sayyaf]]
*[[Red Army Faction]]
*[[Fatah]]
*[[Black September]]<ref name = Israel></ref>
*[[Revolutionary United Front]]
*[[Sandinista National Liberation Front]]
*[[Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine]]
*[[Japanese Red Army]]
*[[Red Brigades]]
*[[FROLINAT]]<ref name = Chad></ref>
==Videos==
<YouTube width=320 height=180>https://youtu.be/bUhZmO6P0NU</YouTube>
<YouTube width=320 height=180>https://youtu.be/JUf-CJ7ND7g</YouTube>
<YouTube width=320 height=180>https://youtu.be/S_WtZIeQbt8</YouTube>
<YouTube width=320 height=180>https://youtu.be/h3ModZ_ECXI</YouTube>


==Trivia==
==Trivia==
*He shares the same fate as former Liberian dictator [[Samuel Doe]] since they were both Africans and led a coup and died a similar state on camera.
*He was good friends with Egyptian dictator [[Hosni Mubarak]].
*He was good friends with Egyptian dictator [[Hosni Mubarak]].
*In the 1980s, he embarked in building the Great Manmade River, a water irrigation system in Libya to bring clean water to much of the desert. After the war, some of it was damaged, causing a drought in certain areas of Libya.
* [[wikipedia:Sacha Baron Cohen|Sacha Baron Cohen]]'s alter-ego General Aladeen from the 2012 film [[wikipedia:The Dictator (2012 film)|The Dictator]] is a parody of him.
*[[wikipedia:Sacha Baron Cohen|Sacha Baron Cohen]]'s alter-ego General Aladeen from the 2012 film ''[[wikipedia:The Dictator (2012 film)|The Dictator]]'' was based on him. As he was still alive at the time of production, the promotion of the film claimed it was based on a romantic novel by Saddam Hussein.
* Gaddafi trained future President of Liberia [[Charles Taylor]] as a guerrilla fighter in the early 1980s.<ref>[https://fpif.org/charles_taylor_liberia_war_crimes/ THE STRANGE CASE OF CHARLES TAYLOR], ''Foreign Policy in Focus''</ref>
*There are over 100 spelling variations of Gaddafi's name. Among these are "Muammar Qaddafi", "Mu'Ammar el-Qathafi", "Mo'ammar Gadhafi", "Muammar al-Qaddafi", "Muhammar Gheddafi", "Moammar Kazzafi", "Muammar al-Khaddafi", "Mu'ammar al-Qadhdhafi", "Moamar aI-Kadafi", and "Moammar Khadaffy", among others.<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/World/2011/0222/Gaddafi-Kadafi-Qaddafi-What-s-the-correct-spelling Gaddafi? Kadafi? Qaddafi? What's the correct spelling?], ''The Christian Science Monitor''</ref>
*He was alleged to have an admiration of U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, to the point where he kept a portrait of her.<ref>[https://www.thedailybeast.com/gaddafis-favorite-women-from-condoleezza-rice-to-safia-farkash?ref=topic Gaddafi’s Favorite Women, from Condoleezza Rice to Safia Farkash], ''The Daily Beast''</ref>
*Along with the Assads of Syria, Gaddafi has the unique distinction of being admired by individuals on both the far-left ''and'' the far-right. The far-left praised Gaddafi for his socialist-style policies (modeled after the Soviet Union) and anti-imperialistic stance, whereas the far-right praised him for his stance on Israel and his promotion of [[Anti-Semitism|anti-semitism]].
*One of the rebels who killed him later was later kidnapped and murdered by a couple regime supporters in France about a year later.
*In his later years, he advocated for a 1-state solution in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict called “Isratine”.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/ozatp-palestinians-israel-gaddafi-200901-idAFJOE50L0H420090122 Gaddafi refloats one-state idea after Gaza war], ''Reuters''</ref><ref name = Israel></ref> His conditions were:
**Creation of a binational Jewish-Palestinian state called the "Federal Republic of the Holy Land"
**Partition of the state into 5 administrative regions, with Jerusalem as a city-state
**Return of all Palestinian refugees
**Supervision by the United Nations of free and fair elections on the first and second occasions
**Removal of weapons of mass destruction from the state
**Recognition of the state by the Arab League.
*When NATO intervened in Libya in 2011, Turkey, under Prime Minister [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] was reluctant to act, only urging Gaddafi to step down months later.
==References==
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