Editing Omar al-Bashir (section)

===Civil wars and Darfur conflict===
In October 2004, al-Bashir's government negotiated an end to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War Second Sudanese Civil War], one of the longest-running and deadliest wars of the 20th century, by granting limited autonomy to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Sudan Southern Sudan] dominated by the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Army Sudan People's Liberation Army] (SPLA). Since then, however, there has been a violent [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Darfur conflict in Darfur] that has resulted in death tolls between 200,000 and 400,000. During his presidency, there have been several violent struggles between the Janjaweed militia and rebel groups such the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_Liberation_Movement/Army Sudanese Liberation Army] (SLA) and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Equality_Movement Justice and Equality Movement] (JEM) in the form of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare guerrilla warfare] in the Darfur region. The [[Civil War|civil war]] has resulted in over 2.5 million [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displaced_person people being displaced], and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93Sudan_relations diplomatic relations] between Sudan and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad Chad] being at a crisis level.<ref name = Darfur>[https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/in-remote-sudan-the-darfur-war-remains-present In remote Sudan, the Darfur war remains present], ''PBS Newshour''</ref>

Al-Bashir is controversial figure both in Sudan and worldwide. In July 2008, the prosecutor of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court International Criminal Court] (ICC), [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Moreno_Ocampo Luis Moreno Ocampo], accused al-Bashir of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide genocide], [[crimes against humanity]] and war crimes in Darfur. The court issued an arrest warrant for al-Bashir on 4 March 2009 on counts of war crimes and crimes against humanity, but ruled that there was insufficient evidence to prosecute him for genocide.<ref>[https://www.coalitionfortheicc.org/cases/omar-albashir Omar al-Bashir], Coalition for the International Criminal Court</ref><ref>[https://www.icc-cpi.int/darfur/albashir ''The Prosecutor v. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir''], International Criminal Court</ref>

Since February 2003, Bashir’s [[Darfur Genocide|campaign of ethnic and religious persecution]] has killed at least 180,000 civilians in Darfur in western Sudan and driven 2 million people from their homes.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna23848444 Death toll of 200,000 disputed in Darfur], ''NBC News''</ref> The good news is that Bashir’s army and the [[Janjaweed]] militia that he supports have all but stopped burning down villages in Darfur. The bad news is why they’ve stopped: there are few villages left to burn. The attacks now are aimed at refugee camps, most of which are situated along Sudan's border with Chad.<ref name = Darfur></ref><ref>[https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/news/latest/2006/6/4485a8e54/unhcr-concerned-janjaweed-militia-attacks-eastern-chad.html UNHCR concerned about janjaweed militia attacks in eastern Chad], United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</ref>

While the media have called these actions “a humanitarian tragedy,” Bashir himself has escaped major condemnation. In 2005, Bashir signed a peace agreement with the largest rebel group in non-Islamic southern Sudan and allowed its leader, John Garang, to become the nation’s vice president. But Garang died in July in a helicopter crash, and Bashir’s troops still occupy the south. On 9 July 2011, following a referendum, the region of Southern Sudan separated into an independent country known as South Sudan.