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Poaching
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[[File:25SCI-POACH1-superJumbo.jpg|thumb|A Thai poacher standing in front of a captured rhinoceros.]] '''Poaching''' is the act of the illegal hunting, killing or capturing of wild animals, usually associated with land use rights. Until the 20<sup>th</sup> century, mostly impoverished peasants poached for subsistence, thus supplementing a scarce diet. By contrast, stealing domestic animals such as cattle raiding is theft, not poaching. Since the 1980s, the term poaching has also been used for the illegal harvest of wild plant species. In 1998, environmental scientists from the University of Massachusetts Amherst proposed the concept of poaching as an environmental crime, defining any activity as illegal that contravenes the laws and regulations established to protect renewable natural resources including the illegal harvest of wildlife with the intention of possessing, transporting, consuming or selling it and using its body parts. They considered poaching as one of the most serious threats to the survival of plant and animal populations. Poaching is considered to have a detrimental effect on biodiversity both within and outside protected areas as wildlife populations decline, species are depleted locally, and the functionality of ecosystems is disturbed.
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