Recep Tayyip Erdoğan: Difference between revisions

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{{Villain_Infobox|image = Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (June 2015).jpg|fullname = Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|alias = None|occupation = Dictator, President of Turkey|skills = Using the religion to make the people sleep|hobby = Planning on how to bring of presidential system|goals = Bring of presidential system and Becoming sultan|type of villain = Dictator and monarch}}'''Recep Tayyip Erdoğan''' (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who has been the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey President of Turkey] since 2014. He previously served as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey Prime Minister of Turkey] from 2003 to 2014 and as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Istanbul Mayor of Istanbul] from 1994 to 1998. He founded the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey) Justice and Development Party] (AKP) in 2001 and led it to three general election victories in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2002 2002], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2007 2007] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2011 2011] before standing down as leader upon his [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_presidential_election,_2014 election as President] in 2014. Originating from an[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism Islamist] political background and as a self-described [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_democracy conservative democrat], his administration has overseen [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_conservatism social conservative] and[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalism liberal economic] policies. His political agenda and ideals are often referred to as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fanism Erdoğanism].

{{Villain_Infobox|image = Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (June 2015).jpg|fullname = Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|alias = None|occupation = Dictator, President of Turkey|skills = Using the religion to make the people sleep|hobby = Planning on how to bring of presidential system|goals = Bring of presidential system, Return to the Ottoman Empire and Becoming sultan|type of villain = Dictator, Provocateur and monarch}}'''Recep Tayyip Erdoğan''' (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who has been the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey President of Turkey] since 2014. He previously served as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey Prime Minister of Turkey] from 2003 to 2014 and as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Istanbul Mayor of Istanbul] from 1994 to 1998. He founded the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey) Justice and Development Party] (AKP) in 2001 and led it to three general election victories in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2002 2002], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2007 2007] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2011 2011] before standing down as leader upon his [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_presidential_election,_2014 election as President] in 2014. Originating from an [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism Islamist] political background and as a self-described [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_democracy conservative democrat], his administration has overseen [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_conservatism social conservative] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalism liberal economic] policies. His political agenda and ideals are often referred to as [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fanism Erdoğanism].

Erdoğan was a semi-professional [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football footballer] playing for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kas%C4%B1mpa%C5%9Fa_S.K. Kasımpaşa] before being [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_local_elections,_1994 elected] as the Mayor of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul Istanbul] from the Islamist[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_Party Welfare Party] in 1994. He was stripped and banned from office and imprisoned for 4 months for the recitation of a poem in a political speech in 1998 after which he abandoned openly Islamist politics and established the moderate conservative AKP in 2001. The AKP won a landslide victory in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2002 2002 general election], with the party's co-founder [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl Abdullah Gül] becoming Prime Minister until [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_G%C3%BCl his government] annulled Erdoğan's ban from political office. Erdoğan subsequently became Prime Minister in March 2003 after winning a seat in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirt_Province_by-election,_2003 by-election] held in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirt_(electoral_district) Siirt].

Erdoğan was a semi-professional [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football footballer] playing for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kas%C4%B1mpa%C5%9Fa_S.K. Kasımpaşa] before being [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_local_elections,_1994 elected] as the Mayor of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul Istanbul] from the Islamist [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_Party Welfare Party] in 1994. He was stripped and banned from office and imprisoned for 4 months for the recitation of a poem in a political speech in 1998 after which he abandoned openly Islamist politics and established the moderate conservative AKP in 2001. The AKP won a landslide victory in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2002 2002 general election], with the party's co-founder [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl Abdullah Gül] becoming Prime Minister until [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_G%C3%BCl his government] annulled Erdoğan's ban from political office. Erdoğan subsequently became Prime Minister in March 2003 after winning a seat in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirt_Province_by-election,_2003 by-election] held in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirt_(electoral_district) Siirt].

As part of his '[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_vision 2023 vision]' for the centenary of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkey Turkish Republic], Erdoğan's government oversaw [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union accession negotiations for Turkey's membership] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union European Union], an economic recovery following a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Turkish_economic_crisis financial crash in 2001], two successful constitutional referendums in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_constitutional_referendum,_2007 2007] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_constitutional_referendum,_2010 2010], a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_process Solution process] with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party Kurdish militants], an allegedly [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism Neo-Ottoman] foreign policy and investments in infrastructure that included new [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highways_in_Turkey roads], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Turkey airports] and a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Turkey high-speed train network]. With the help of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethullah_G%C3%BClen Fethullah Gülen]'s [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BClen_movement Cemaat Movement], Erdoğan was able to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%E2%80%93military_relations_during_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_government curb the political power] of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces military] through the controversial ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sledgehammer_(coup_plan) Sledgehammer]'' and ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergenekon_trials Ergenekon]'' court cases. In late 2012, his government began [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_process peace negotiations] with the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers_Party Kurdistan Workers Party] (PKK) to end the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present) ongoing PKK insurgency] that began in 1978. The ceasefire broke down in 2015, leading to a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(2015%E2%80%93present) renewed escalation in conflict]. In 2016, a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt coup d'état was unsuccessfully attempted] against Erdoğan and Turkish state institutions. This was followed by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Turkish_purges purges] and an ongoing state of emergency.

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-{{Villain_Infobox|image = Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (June 2015).jpg|fullname = Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|alias = None|occupation = Dictator, President of Turkey|skills = Using the religion to make the people sleep|hobby = Planning on how to bring of presidential system|goals = Bring of presidential system and Becoming sultan|type of villain = Dictator and monarch}}'''Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'''<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> (</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who has been the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey President of Turkey]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> since 2014. He previously served as the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey Prime Minister of Turkey]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> from 2003 to 2014 and as the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Istanbul Mayor of Istanbul]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> from 1994 to 1998. He founded the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey) Justice and Development Party]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> (AKP) in 2001 and led it to three general election victories in </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2002 2002]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2007 2007]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> and </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2011 2011]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> before standing down as leader upon his </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_presidential_election,_2014 election as President]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> in 2014. Originating from an</span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism Islamist]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> political background and as a self-described </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_democracy conservative democrat]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, his administration has overseen </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_conservatism social conservative]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> and</span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalism liberal economic]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> policies.</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> His political agenda and ideals are often referred to as </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fanism Erdoğanism]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">.</span>
+{{Villain_Infobox|image = Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (June 2015).jpg|fullname = Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|alias = None|occupation = Dictator, President of Turkey|skills = Using the religion to make the people sleep|hobby = Planning on how to bring of presidential system|goals = Bring of presidential system, Return to the Ottoman Empire and Becoming sultan|type of villain = Dictator, Provocateur and monarch}}'''Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'''<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> (</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who has been the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey President of Turkey]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> since 2014. He previously served as the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey Prime Minister of Turkey]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> from 2003 to 2014 and as the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Istanbul Mayor of Istanbul]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> from 1994 to 1998. He founded the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey) Justice and Development Party]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> (AKP) in 2001 and led it to three general election victories in </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2002 2002]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2007 2007]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> and </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2011 2011]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> before standing down as leader upon his </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_presidential_election,_2014 election as President]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> in 2014. Originating from an </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism Islamist]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> political background and as a self-described </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_democracy conservative democrat]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, his administration has overseen </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_conservatism social conservative]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> and </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalism liberal economic]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> policies.</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> His political agenda and ideals are often referred to as </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdo%C4%9Fanism Erdoğanism]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">.</span>
-<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">Erdoğan was a semi-professional </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football footballer]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> playing for </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kas%C4%B1mpa%C5%9Fa_S.K. Kasımpaşa]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> before being </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_local_elections,_1994 elected]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> as the Mayor of </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul Istanbul]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> from the Islamist</span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_Party Welfare Party]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> in 1994. He was stripped and banned from office and imprisoned for 4 months for the recitation of a poem in a political speech in 1998</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> after which he abandoned openly Islamist politics and established the moderate conservative AKP in 2001. The AKP won a landslide victory in the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2002 2002 general election]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, with the party's co-founder </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl Abdullah Gül]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> becoming Prime Minister until </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_G%C3%BCl his government]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> annulled Erdoğan's ban from political office. Erdoğan subsequently became Prime Minister in March 2003 after winning a seat in a </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirt_Province_by-election,_2003 by-election]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> held in </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirt_(electoral_district) Siirt]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">.</span>
+<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">Erdoğan was a semi-professional </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football footballer]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> playing for </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kas%C4%B1mpa%C5%9Fa_S.K. Kasımpaşa]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> before being </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_local_elections,_1994 elected]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> as the Mayor of </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul Istanbul]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> from the Islamist </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_Party Welfare Party]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> in 1994. He was stripped and banned from office and imprisoned for 4 months for the recitation of a poem in a political speech in 1998</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> after which he abandoned openly Islamist politics and established the moderate conservative AKP in 2001. The AKP won a landslide victory in the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_general_election,_2002 2002 general election]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, with the party's co-founder </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_G%C3%BCl Abdullah Gül]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> becoming Prime Minister until </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_G%C3%BCl his government]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> annulled Erdoğan's ban from political office. Erdoğan subsequently became Prime Minister in March 2003 after winning a seat in a </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirt_Province_by-election,_2003 by-election]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> held in </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirt_(electoral_district) Siirt]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">.</span>
 <span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">As part of his '</span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_vision 2023 vision]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">' for the centenary of the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkey Turkish Republic]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, Erdoğan's government oversaw </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union accession negotiations for Turkey's membership]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> of the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union European Union]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, an economic recovery following a </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Turkish_economic_crisis financial crash in 2001]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, two successful constitutional referendums in </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_constitutional_referendum,_2007 2007]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> and </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_constitutional_referendum,_2010 2010]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, a </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_process Solution process]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> with </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party Kurdish militants]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, an allegedly </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism Neo-Ottoman]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> foreign policy and investments in infrastructure that included new </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highways_in_Turkey roads]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Turkey airports]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> and a </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Turkey high-speed train network]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">.</span><span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> With the help of </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethullah_G%C3%BClen Fethullah Gülen]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">'s </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BClen_movement Cemaat Movement]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">, Erdoğan was able to </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%E2%80%93military_relations_during_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_government curb the political power]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> of the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces military]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> through the controversial </span>''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sledgehammer_(coup_plan) Sledgehammer]''<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> and </span>''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergenekon_trials Ergenekon]''<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> court cases. In late 2012, his government began </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_process peace negotiations]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> with the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers_Party Kurdistan Workers Party]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> (PKK) to end the </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present) ongoing PKK insurgency]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> that began in 1978. The ceasefire broke down in 2015, leading to a </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(2015%E2%80%93present) renewed escalation in conflict]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;">. In 2016, a </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt coup d'état was unsuccessfully attempted]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> against Erdoğan and Turkish state institutions. This was followed by </span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Turkish_purges purges]<span style="color:rgb(37,37,37);font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:22.4px;"> and an ongoing state of emergency.</span>