Editing Rudolf Hess
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In autumn 1919 Hess enrolled in the University of Munich, where he studied geopolitics under [[Karl Haushofer]], a proponent of the concept of ''Lebensraum'' ("living space"), which later became one of the pillars of the [[Nazi Party]] (National Socialist German Workers Party; NSDAP) ideology. Hess joined the NSDAP on July 1<sup>st</sup>, 1920 as a member of the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' and was at Hitler's side on 8 November 1923 for the [[Beer Hall Putsch]], a failed Nazi attempt to seize control of the government of Germany. Whilst serving time in jail for this attempted coup, Hess helped Hitler write his opus, ''Mein Kampf'', which became a foundation of the political platform of the NSDAP. | In autumn 1919 Hess enrolled in the University of Munich, where he studied geopolitics under [[Karl Haushofer]], a proponent of the concept of ''Lebensraum'' ("living space"), which later became one of the pillars of the [[Nazi Party]] (National Socialist German Workers Party; NSDAP) ideology. Hess joined the NSDAP on July 1<sup>st</sup>, 1920 as a member of the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' and was at Hitler's side on 8 November 1923 for the [[Beer Hall Putsch]], a failed Nazi attempt to seize control of the government of Germany. Whilst serving time in jail for this attempted coup, Hess helped Hitler write his opus, ''Mein Kampf'', which became a foundation of the political platform of the NSDAP. | ||
After the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, Hess was appointed ''Stellvertreter des Führers'' (Deputy to the Leader) of the NSDAP and shortly received a post in Hitler's cabinet as Minister without Portfolio. He was also appointed in 1938 to the Cabinet Council and in 1939 to the Council of Ministers for Defense of the Reich. Hitler decreed in 1939 that [[Hermann Göring]] was his official successor, and named Hess as next in line. In addition to appearing on Hitler's behalf at speaking engagements and rallies, Hess signed into law much of the legislation, including the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, which stripped the Jews of Germany of their rights in the lead-up to [[the Holocaust | After the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, Hess was appointed ''Stellvertreter des Führers'' (Deputy to the Leader) of the NSDAP and shortly received a post in Hitler's cabinet as Minister without Portfolio. He was also appointed in 1938 to the Cabinet Council and in 1939 to the Council of Ministers for Defense of the Reich. Hitler decreed in 1939 that [[Hermann Göring]] was his official successor, and named Hess as next in line. In addition to appearing on Hitler's behalf at speaking engagements and rallies, Hess signed into law much of the legislation, including the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, which stripped the Jews of Germany of their rights in the lead-up to [[the Holocaust]]. Hess later become second-in-command to [[Heinrich Himmler]] in national command of the ''[[Schutzstaffel]]''. Hess also served as Hitler's personal secretary, but he would later be replaced in this position by [[Martin Bormann]]. | ||
Hess continued to be interested in aviation, learning to fly the more advanced aircraft that were coming into development at the start of World War II. On May 10<sup>th</sup>, 1941 he undertook a solo flight to Scotland, where he hoped to arrange peace talks with Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton, whom he believed was prominent in opposition to the British government. Hess was immediately arrested on his arrival and was held in British custody until the end of the war, when he was returned to Germany to stand trial in the Nuremberg Trials of major war criminals in 1946. Throughout much of the trial, he claimed to be suffering from amnesia, but later admitted this was a ruse. Hess was convicted of crimes against peace and conspiracy with other German leaders to commit crimes and was transferred to Spandau Prison in 1947, where he served a life sentence. | Hess continued to be interested in aviation, learning to fly the more advanced aircraft that were coming into development at the start of World War II. On May 10<sup>th</sup>, 1941 he undertook a solo flight to Scotland, where he hoped to arrange peace talks with Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton, whom he believed was prominent in opposition to the British government. Hess was immediately arrested on his arrival and was held in British custody until the end of the war, when he was returned to Germany to stand trial in the Nuremberg Trials of major war criminals in 1946. Throughout much of the trial, he claimed to be suffering from amnesia, but later admitted this was a ruse. Hess was convicted of crimes against peace and conspiracy with other German leaders to commit crimes and was transferred to Spandau Prison in 1947, where he served a life sentence. | ||