Ruhollah Khomeini: Difference between revisions
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|image = [[File:Ayatollah_Khomeni.jpg|thumb|239px]] | |image = [[File:Ayatollah_Khomeni.jpg|thumb|239px]] | ||
|fullname = Sayyid Ruhollah Mūsavi Khomeini | |fullname = Sayyid Ruhollah Mūsavi Khomeini | ||
|alias = Ayatollah Khomeini | |alias = Ayatollah Khomeini<br>Imam Khomeini | ||
|occupation = Supreme Leader of Iran (1979 - 1989) | |occupation = Supreme Leader of Iran (1979 - 1989) | ||
|origin = Khomeyn, Persia | |origin = Khomeyn, Persia | ||
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Khomeini was born in 1902 in Khomeyn, in what is now Iran's Markazi Province. His father was [[murder]]ed in 1903 when Khomeini was five months old. He began studying the Quran and the Persian language from a young age and was assisted in his religious studies by his relatives, including his mother's cousin and older brother. | Khomeini was born in 1902 in Khomeyn, in what is now Iran's Markazi Province. His father was [[murder]]ed in 1903 when Khomeini was five months old. He began studying the Quran and the Persian language from a young age and was assisted in his religious studies by his relatives, including his mother's cousin and older brother. | ||
Khomeini was a ''marja'' ("source of emulation") in Twelver Shia Islam, a Mujtahid or faqih (an expert in Sharia) and author of more than 40 books, but he is primarily known for his political activities. He spent more than 15 years in exile for his opposition to the last shah. In his writings and preachings he expanded the theory of welayat-el faqih, the "Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (clerical authority)", to include theocratic political rule by Islamic jurists. This principle (though not known to the wider public before the revolution), was appended to the new Iranian constitution after being put to a referendum. According to ''The New York Times'', Khomeini called democracy the equivalent of prostitution. Whether Khomeini's ideas are compatible with democracy and whether he intended the Islamic Republic to be democratic is disputed. | Khomeini was a ''marja'' ("source of emulation") in Twelver Shia Islam, a Mujtahid or faqih (an expert in Sharia) and author of more than 40 books, but he is primarily known for his political activities. He spent more than 15 years in exile for his opposition to the last shah. In his writings and preachings he expanded the theory of welayat-el faqih, the "Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (clerical authority)", to include theocratic political rule by Islamic jurists. This principle (though not known to the wider public before the revolution), was appended to the new Iranian constitution after being put to a referendum. According to ''The New York Times'', Khomeini called democracy the equivalent of prostitution. Whether Khomeini's ideas are compatible with democracy and whether he intended the Islamic Republic to be democratic is disputed. | ||
He was ''Time'' magazine's Man of the Year in 1979 for his international influence, and Khomeini has been described as the "virtual face of Shia Islam in Western popular culture". In 1982, he survived one military coup attempt. Khomeini was known for his support of the hostage takers during the Iran hostage crisis, his fatwa calling for the murder of British Indian novelist Salman Rushdie,and for referring to the United States as the "Great Satan" and Soviet Union as the "Lesser Satan." Khomeini has been criticized for these acts and for human rights violations of Iranians (including his ordering of execution of thousands of political prisoners, war criminals and prisoners of the Iran–Iraq War) | He was ''Time'' magazine's Man of the Year in 1979 for his international influence, and Khomeini has been described as the "virtual face of Shia Islam in Western popular culture". In 1982, he survived one military coup attempt. Khomeini was known for his support of the hostage takers during the Iran hostage crisis, his fatwa calling for the murder of British Indian novelist Salman Rushdie,and for referring to the United States as the "Great Satan" and Soviet Union as the "Lesser Satan." Khomeini has been criticized for these acts and for human rights violations of Iranians (including his ordering of execution of thousands of political prisoners, war criminals and prisoners of the Iran–Iraq War) | ||
Revision as of 04:55, 16 September 2019
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| “ | Anyone who will say that religion is separate from politics is a fool; he does not know Islam or politics. | „ |
| ~ Ruhollah Knomeini |
Sayyid Ruhollah Mūsavi Khomeini (Persian: سید روحالله موسوی خمینی [ruːhoɫˈɫɑːhe χomeiˈniː]; 24 September 1902 – 3 June 1989), known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was the Supreme Leader of Iran from 1979 to 1989. He was a religious extremist authority that enforced fundamentalist Islamic laws and was the defacto leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution that overthrew the last shah (king) of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and the end of 2,500 years of Persian monarchy.
His crimes including ordering the mass execution of thousands of Iranian citizens ranging from former prime ministers and military generals/officers from the Shah's regime to religious miniorites, especially the Bahai Faith, homosexuals, prostitutes, and numerous others.
Khomeini was born in 1902 in Khomeyn, in what is now Iran's Markazi Province. His father was murdered in 1903 when Khomeini was five months old. He began studying the Quran and the Persian language from a young age and was assisted in his religious studies by his relatives, including his mother's cousin and older brother.
Khomeini was a marja ("source of emulation") in Twelver Shia Islam, a Mujtahid or faqih (an expert in Sharia) and author of more than 40 books, but he is primarily known for his political activities. He spent more than 15 years in exile for his opposition to the last shah. In his writings and preachings he expanded the theory of welayat-el faqih, the "Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (clerical authority)", to include theocratic political rule by Islamic jurists. This principle (though not known to the wider public before the revolution), was appended to the new Iranian constitution after being put to a referendum. According to The New York Times, Khomeini called democracy the equivalent of prostitution. Whether Khomeini's ideas are compatible with democracy and whether he intended the Islamic Republic to be democratic is disputed.
He was Time magazine's Man of the Year in 1979 for his international influence, and Khomeini has been described as the "virtual face of Shia Islam in Western popular culture". In 1982, he survived one military coup attempt. Khomeini was known for his support of the hostage takers during the Iran hostage crisis, his fatwa calling for the murder of British Indian novelist Salman Rushdie,and for referring to the United States as the "Great Satan" and Soviet Union as the "Lesser Satan." Khomeini has been criticized for these acts and for human rights violations of Iranians (including his ordering of execution of thousands of political prisoners, war criminals and prisoners of the Iran–Iraq War)
While his successor, Ali Khamenei, is hardly a saint compare to him, Khomeini is certainly much worse than him. He was also the mastermind behind the 1988 Political Massacre where he secretly ordered the execution of 30,000 people which included many members of the MEK organization, the Tudeh (Communist) Party, etc. He disliked Iraqi dictator, Saddam Hussein, who disliked him back, due to Saddam being a Sunni Muslim and Khomeini being a Shia Muslim (which Saddam hated).
He has also been lauded as a "charismatic leader of immense popularity", a "champion of Islamic revival" by Shia scholars, who attempted to establish good relations between Sunnis and Shias, and a major innovator in political theory and religious-oriented populist political strategy. Khomeini held the title of Grand Ayatollah and is officially known as Imam Khomeini inside Iran and by his supporters internationally. He is generally referred to as Ayatollah Khomeini by others. In Iran, his gold-domed tomb in Tehran's Behesht-e Zahrāʾ cemetery has become a shrine for his adherents, and he is legally considered "inviolable", with Iranians regularly punished for insulting him.
Quotes
| “ | The author of The Satanic Verses book which is against Islam, the Prophet and the Qu'ran, and all involved in its publication who were aware of its content, are sentenced to death. I call on all zealous Muslims to execute them wherever they find them, so that no one will dare to insult the Islamic sanctions. Whoever is killed on this path will be regarded as a martyr, God willing. | „ |
| ~ Fatwa against Salman Rushdie. |