The Holocaust: Difference between revisions
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|Image=Holocaust.jpg | |||
|perpetrator= [[Nazi Party]]<br>[[Schutzstaffel]]<br>[[Sturmabteilung]]<br>[[Gestapo]]<br>[[Einsatzgruppen]]<br>[[Imperial Japan]]<br>[[Arrow Cross Party]]<br>[[Ahnenerbe]]<br>[[Ustaše]]<br>[[Sicherheitsdienst]]<br>[[Slovak People's Party]]<br>[[Italian Social Republic]]<br>[[Nasjonal Samling]]<br>[[Republican Fascist Party]]<br>[[Belarusian Central Council]]<br>[[Vichy France]]<br>[[National Legionary State]]<br>[[Iron Guard]]<br>[[Hellenic State]]<br>[[Trawnikis]]<br>[[Wehrmacht]]<br>[[Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists]]<br>[[Government of National Salvation]]<br>[[Reich Main Security Office]]<br>[[Ordnungspolizei]]<br>[[Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] | |||
|date = 1941 - May 8, 1945 | |||
|location = Nazi Germany, Greater Germanic Reich | |||
|motive = To purge Europe of Jews in order to favor the "Aryans" of Germany. | |||
|crimes = [[Genocide]]<br>[[Crimes against humanity]]<br>[[War crimes]]<br>[[Ethnic cleansing]]<br>[[Torture]]<br>Mass [[murder]] | |||
}} | |||
{{Quote|The Holocaust was the most evil crime ever committed.|Stephan Ambrose}} | {{Quote|The Holocaust was the most evil crime ever committed.|Stephan Ambrose}} | ||
'''The | '''The Holocaust''', also known as '''the Shoah''' and the '''Final Solution to the Jewish Question''' (or simply the '''Final Solution''') was a government-orchestrated mass [[genocide]] that affected approximately six million Jews or more during the final years of [[World War II]]. The Holocaust was orchestrated by the [[Nazi Party|Nazi German]] dictator, [[Adolf Hitler]], and it advocated the idea of doing away with several fragments of society. This included other groups such as: Black people (including African immigrants), LGBT people (including gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender); Slavs (including Russians, Ukrainians, Serbians, Poles, Czechs, and Slovaks), Romani, Greeks; various Christian denominations (primarily Jehovah’s Witnesses and Catholics); Brown people (including Mulattoes and Mamelukes); communists, socialists, capitalists, anarchists, feminists, and other dissidents and Allied POWs, especially Soviet POWs. | ||
The Holocaust ran concurrently alongside the Nazi Party’s two other genocide programs, the [[Porajmos]] (targeting Romani) and ''[[Generalplan Ost]]'' (targeting Slavs.) | The Holocaust ran concurrently alongside the Nazi Party’s two other genocide programs, the [[Porajmos]] (targeting Romani) and ''[[Generalplan Ost]]'' (targeting Slavs.) | ||
Though the Nazis were the primary | Though the Nazis were the primary perpetrators of the Holocaust, the wider network of regimes that comprised the [[Axis Powers]] (such as [[Benito Mussolini]]'s Italy, the Croatian [[Ustaše]], and, to a lesser extent, [[Imperial Japan]], among others) also participated in the genocide. Even the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Soviet Union]] was briefly involved. | ||
Everyone of these people was seen as "sub-humans", people that was not fit for the [[Nazi Party]]'s ideology of what they referred to as the Aryans, that was seen as the "master race" of Germany. Also that the Jews | Everyone of these people was seen as "sub-humans", people that was not fit for the [[Nazi Party]]'s ideology of what they referred to as the Aryans, that was seen as the "master race" of Germany. Also that the Jews was seen as "responsible" by the Nazis that Germany lost [[World War I]] and causing the country's economy to collapse, the so-called "Stab-in-the-back myth". | ||
responsible by the Nazis that Germany lost [[World War I]] and causing the country's economy to collapse, the so-called "Stab-in-the-back myth". | |||
==Prelude== | ==Prelude== | ||
{{Quote|We shall only talk of peace when we have won the war. The Jewish capitalist world will not survive the twentieth century.|Adolf Hitler}}The Holocaust was established through stages. At first, | {{Quote|We shall only talk of peace when we have won the war. The Jewish capitalist world will not survive the twentieth century.|Adolf Hitler}}The Holocaust was established through stages. At first, the German government passed laws that excluded Jews from social affairs, such as with the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, which stripped German Jews of their citizenship and forbade Jews to marry non-Jewish Germans. | ||
In August 1938 the German authorities announced that residence permits for foreigners were being cancelled and would have to be renewed. This included German-born Jews of foreign citizenship. Poland stated that it would renounce citizenship rights of Polish Jews living abroad for at least five years after the end of October, effectively making them stateless. | In August 1938 the German authorities announced that residence permits for foreigners were being cancelled and would have to be renewed. This included German-born Jews of foreign citizenship. Poland stated that it would renounce citizenship rights of Polish Jews living abroad for at least five years after the end of October, effectively making them stateless. | ||
The deportees were taken from their homes to railway stations and were put on trains to the Polish border, where Polish border guards sent them back into Germany. This stalemate continued for days in the pouring rain, with the Jews marching without food or shelter between the borders. Four thousand were granted entry into Poland, but the remaining 8,000 were forced to stay at the border. They waited there in harsh conditions to be allowed to enter Poland. A British newspaper told its readers that hundreds "are reported to be lying about, penniless and deserted, in little villages along the frontier near where they had been driven out by the [[Gestapo]] and left." Conditions in the refugee camps were | The deportees were taken from their homes to railway stations and were put on trains to the Polish border, where Polish border guards sent them back into Germany. This stalemate continued for days in the pouring rain, with the Jews marching without food or shelter between the borders. Four thousand were granted entry into Poland, but the remaining 8,000 were forced to stay at the border. They waited there in harsh conditions to be allowed to enter Poland. A British newspaper told its readers that hundreds "are reported to be lying about, penniless and deserted, in little villages along the frontier near where they had been driven out by the [[Gestapo]] and left." Conditions in the refugee camps "were so bad that some actually tried to escape back into Germany and were shot", recalled a British woman who was sent to help those who had been expelled. | ||
==Genocide== | |||
{{Quote|It all happened so fast. The ghetto. The deportation. The sealed cattle car. The fiery altar upon which the history of our people and the future of mankind were meant to be sacrificed.|Elie Wiesel}}The Holocaust was set off with an event known as ''[[Kristallnacht]]'', or the "Night of Broken Glass", a [[pogrom]] carried out by both the ''[[Sturmabteilung]]'' and the ''[[Schutzstaffel]]'' (the Nazi Party's two primary paramilitary forces) on November 9 and 10, 1938. Jewish homes, hospitals and schools were ransacked and [[Vandalism|vandalized]] as the attackers demolished buildings with sledgehammers. The rioters destroyed 267 synagogues throughout Germany, Austria and the Sudetenland. Over 7,000 Jewish businesses were damaged or destroyed, and 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and incarcerated in concentration camps. The whole event was overseen by Minister of Propaganda [[Joseph Goebbels]]. | |||
This event set in motion mass deportations of Jews to [[Concentration Camp|concentration camps]] over the next several years while the Nazis went from country to country, pillaging and conquering. Later on in 1941, paramilitary [[death squad]]s, dubbed the ''[[Einsatzgruppen]]'', were established, and their job was to execute civilian stragglers in conquered Nazi territories. [[Walther von Reichenau]]'s [[Severity Order]] mandated that all Jews on the Eastern Front be treated as enemy partisans and either shot or handed over to the ''Einsatzgruppen'' for execution. | |||
By the end of 1942, [[Martin Bormann]] had signed a decree that stated the Jews were to be killed rather than deported. As a result, many European Jews were forcibly taken to the various camps set up in Nazi territories on freight trains. If any Jewish person was fortunate enough to survive the trip to the death camps, they would almost always find themselves being executed in [[Gas Chamber|gas chambers]] disguised as shower rooms. Others would be put to work doing extremely difficult forced labor with little to no food, and often died from overwork or starvation. This was part of the so called "Final Solution to the Jewish Question", to exterminate all the Jews in Europe. | |||
During the genocide, SS-Hauptsturmführer [[Amon Göth]], who served as the commandant of Płaszów concentration camp in Poland from 1943 to 1944, personally executed over 500 people, arguably the most [[murder]]s committed by one man in Nazi Germany. | |||
These systematic mass murders continued until the end of WWII in 1945. | |||
==Aftermath== | ==Aftermath== |