Trail of Tears: Difference between revisions
imported>TheAlitaFan No edit summary |
imported>Rangerkid51 No edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Important}}{{Act of Villainy| | {{Important}}{{Act of Villainy|Image = Routes-statistics-events-Trail-of-Tears.jpg|perpetrator = [[Andrew Jackson]]|crimes = Genocide|date = 1831-1838|location = Southeastern parts of the United States|motive = Clear up 25 million acres of land for White Settlers}}The '''Trail of Tears''' is a name given to the forced relocation and [[ethnic cleansing]] of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States Native American] nations from southeastern parts of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States United States] following the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Removal_Act_of_1830 Indian Removal Act of 1830]. The removal included many members of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee Cherokee], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscogee_%28Creek%29 Muscogee (Creek)], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seminole Seminole], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickasaw Chickasaw], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choctaw Choctaw] nations, among others in the United States, from their homelands to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Territory Indian Territory] (eastern sections of the present-day state of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma Oklahoma]). The phrase originated from a description of the removal of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choctaw Choctaw] Nation in 1831. | ||
Many Native Americans suffered from exposure, disease and starvation on route to their destinations. Many died, including 4,000 of the 13,000 relocated Cherokee, intermarried and accompanying European-Americans, and the 2,000 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American African-American] free blacks and slaves owned by the Cherokee they took with them. European Americans and African American freedmen and slaves also participated in the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee Creek and Seminole forced relocations. | Many Native Americans suffered from exposure, disease and starvation on route to their destinations. Many died, including 4,000 of the 13,000 relocated Cherokee, intermarried and accompanying European-Americans, and the 2,000 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American African-American] free blacks and slaves owned by the Cherokee they took with them. European Americans and African American freedmen and slaves also participated in the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee Creek and Seminole forced relocations. | ||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
In 1831 the Choctaw were the first to be removed, and they became the model for all other removals. After the Choctaw, the Seminole were removed in 1832, the Creek in 1834, then the Chickas | In 1831 the Choctaw were the first to be removed, and they became the model for all other removals. After the Choctaw, the Seminole were removed in 1832, the Creek in 1834, then the Chickas | ||
aw in 1837, and finally the Cherokee in 1838.After removal, some Native Americans remained in their ancient homelands - the Choctaw are found in Mississippi, the Seminole in Florida, the Creek in Alabama, and the Cherokee in North Carolina. | aw in 1837, and finally the Cherokee in 1838.After removal, some Native Americans remained in their ancient homelands - the Choctaw are found in Mississippi, the Seminole in Florida, the Creek in Alabama, and the Cherokee in North Carolina. Other groups were rounded up and forced into [[concentration camps]] until new land was found for them to settle on. | ||
The fixed boundaries of these autonomous [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federally_recognized_tribe tribal nations], comprising large areas of the United States, were subject to continual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cession cession] and annexation prior to 1830, in part due to pressure from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squatter squatters] and the threat of military force in the newly declared U.S. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States territories] -- federally administered regions whose boundaries supervened upon the Native treaty claims. As these territories became [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._states U.S. states], state governments sought to dissolve the boundaries of the Indian nations within their borders, which were independent of state jurisdiction, and to expropriate the land therein. These pressures were magnified by U.S. population growth and the expansion of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery slavery] in the South. | A limited number of non-native Americans (including African-Americans - usually as slaves) also accompanied the Native American nations on the trek westward.By 1837, 46,000 Native Americans from these southeastern states had been removed from their homelands thereby opening 25 million acres (100,000 km<sup>2</sup>) for predominantly white settlement. | ||
The fixed boundaries of these autonomous [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federally_recognized_tribe tribal nations], comprising large areas of the United States, were subject to continual [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cession cession] and annexation prior to 1830, in part due to pressure from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squatter squatters] and the threat of military force in the newly declared U.S. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States territories] -- federally administered regions whose boundaries supervened upon the Native treaty claims. As these territories became [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._states U.S. states], state governments sought to dissolve the boundaries of the Indian nations within their borders, which were independent of state jurisdiction, and to expropriate the land therein. These pressures were magnified by U.S. population growth and the expansion of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery slavery] in the South. | |||
==Videos== | ==Videos== | ||
Revision as of 20:29, 20 October 2020
The Trail of Tears is a name given to the forced relocation and ethnic cleansing of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The removal included many members of the Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek), Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations, among others in the United States, from their homelands to Indian Territory (eastern sections of the present-day state of Oklahoma). The phrase originated from a description of the removal of the Choctaw Nation in 1831.
Many Native Americans suffered from exposure, disease and starvation on route to their destinations. Many died, including 4,000 of the 13,000 relocated Cherokee, intermarried and accompanying European-Americans, and the 2,000 African-American free blacks and slaves owned by the Cherokee they took with them. European Americans and African American freedmen and slaves also participated in the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee Creek and Seminole forced relocations.
In 1831, the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee Creek, and Seminole (sometimes collectively referred to as the Five Civilized Tribes) were living as autonomous nations in what would be called the American Deep South. The process of cultural transformation (proposed by George Washington and Henry Knox) was gaining momentum, especially among the Cherokee and Choctaw. US President Andrew Jackson continued and renewed the political and military effort for the removal of the Native Americans from these lands with the passage of the Indian Removal Act of 1830.
In 1831 the Choctaw were the first to be removed, and they became the model for all other removals. After the Choctaw, the Seminole were removed in 1832, the Creek in 1834, then the Chickas aw in 1837, and finally the Cherokee in 1838.After removal, some Native Americans remained in their ancient homelands - the Choctaw are found in Mississippi, the Seminole in Florida, the Creek in Alabama, and the Cherokee in North Carolina. Other groups were rounded up and forced into concentration camps until new land was found for them to settle on.
A limited number of non-native Americans (including African-Americans - usually as slaves) also accompanied the Native American nations on the trek westward.By 1837, 46,000 Native Americans from these southeastern states had been removed from their homelands thereby opening 25 million acres (100,000 km2) for predominantly white settlement.
The fixed boundaries of these autonomous tribal nations, comprising large areas of the United States, were subject to continual cession and annexation prior to 1830, in part due to pressure from squatters and the threat of military force in the newly declared U.S. territories -- federally administered regions whose boundaries supervened upon the Native treaty claims. As these territories became U.S. states, state governments sought to dissolve the boundaries of the Indian nations within their borders, which were independent of state jurisdiction, and to expropriate the land therein. These pressures were magnified by U.S. population growth and the expansion of slavery in the South.