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===Defend Europa/Defend Europe (Phrase)===
===Defend Europa/Defend Europe (Phrase)===
[[File:DefendEuropa.jpg|thumb|center|A Fashwave image with the phrase "Defend Europa"]]
Defend Europa, or Defend Europe, is a slogan of the transnational far-right “Identitarian” movement, a traditionally Euro-centric ideological movement developed by French ultranationalists and white nationalists. In youth-oriented international groups across many countries, including those outside Europe, the ideologies and the branding of European identitarian groups overlap with alt-right culture.
 
Traditionally rallying cries for hatred to immigrants and non-white Europeans, ‘Defend Europe/Europa’ has become popular in a variety of different white nationalist and white supremacist movements, even in countries outside of Europe.[[File:DefendEuropa.jpg|thumb|center|A Fashwave image with the phrase "Defend Europa". In the image, you can see asylum seekers on a raft, with an orca lunging at them. In the background is a sonnenrad.]]
===[[Derek Chauvin]] (Symbol)===
===[[Derek Chauvin]] (Symbol)===
 
Derek Chauvin is an ex-law enforcement officer who was convicted of killing George Floyd, an unarmed Black man, on May 25, 2020. Images of the incident, which were captured on camera, became the object of memes made by white nationalists which praise Chauvin for killing a Black man. His likeness, as well as the chokehold in which he held Floyd leading to his death, are referenced in memes making light of the situation, or expressing sentiments of domination over various groups.[[File:Chauvin-murder-floyd.png|center|thumb|A photograph of Derek Chauvin kneeling on George Floyd]]
[[File:Chauvin-murder-floyd.png|center|thumb|A photograph of Derek Chauvin kneeling on George Floyd]]


===Dindu Nuffin (Phrase)===
===Dindu Nuffin (Phrase)===
[[File:DinduNuffin.jpg|thumb|center|A fake movie poster with "Dindu Nuffin" as the title]]
Dindu Nuffin' is a racist expression used to depict Black people as criminalistic, violent or predatorial. Originating from ''4chan''<nowiki/>'s infamous ''/pol/'' board, known for the virulent racism of its members, the expression is derived from a stereotypically racist phonetic spelling of the phrase "I didn't do nothing" which mocks AAVE speakers.[[File:DinduNuffin.jpg|thumb|center|A fake movie poster with "Dindu Nuffin" as the title]]
 
===Diversity = White Genocide (Phrase/Conspiracy)===


[[File:DiversityEqualsWhiteGenocide.jpg|center|thumb|The text above the comic strip says "I know this is the last White area on the planet left, but maybe diversity will work this time?". The comic depicts the Trojan Horse passing a brick wall, with two Roman soldiers gawking at it. The heads popping out of the sides of the horse are filled in to be of different skin colors, the horse is painted with rainbow colors on the front, and a sign on it says "Diversity". One of the men in the horse says "Aww...let us in". Underneath is the text "Don't be stupid lieutenant, diversity is a codeword for White Genocide."]]
===Diversity = [[Great Replacement|White Genocide]] (Phrase/Conspiracy)===
A slogan used by white nationalists and other white supremacist movements, typically in arguments alleging that diversity and immigration are part of a conspiracy to replace the white population of Western countries, otherwise known as the Great Replacement conspiracy theory.[[File:DiversityEqualsWhiteGenocide.jpg|center|thumb|The text above the comic strip says "I know this is the last White area on the planet left, but maybe diversity will work this time?". The comic depicts the Trojan Horse passing a brick wall, with two Roman soldiers gawking at it. The heads popping out of the sides of the horse are filled in to be of different skin colors, the horse is painted with rainbow colors on the front, and a sign on it says "Diversity". One of the men in the horse says "Aww...let us in". Underneath is the text "Don't be stupid lieutenant, diversity is a codeword for White Genocide."]]


===[[Dylann Roof]] (Symbol)===
===[[Dylann Roof]] (Symbol)===
[[File:Dylann Roof mugshot.jpg|center|thumb|Dylann Roof]]
Born in 1994, Dylann Roof is an American white supremacist domestic terrorist, who shot and killed 9 congregants of a Black Baptist church in Charleston, South Carolina. Since the shooting, Roof has become a revered figure within neo-Nazi and other supremacist spaces. He was notably cited by Christchurch shooter Brenton Tarrant as a source of inspiration. Like many other white supremacist mass killers, some neo-Nazis hail Roof as a "saint" for their cause.[[File:Dylann Roof mugshot.jpg|center|thumb|Dylann Roof]]
===[[Emperor Hirohito]] (Symbol)===
===[[Emperor Hirohito]] (Symbol)===
Emperor Hirohito was the 124th Emperor of Japan, reigning from December 1926 to his death in 1989. He was the longest reigning Emperor in Japanese history, ruling for 63 years. He made up one-third of the Axis Powers during World War II alongside Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini.
Hirohito himself was known for his cruelty during his earlier years as Emperor. He was known for his hatred towards other Asian groups; some estimate he may have been the mastermind behind the deaths of 10,000,000 people (mostly Koreans and Filipinos). He particularly enjoyed impaling them with sharp pieces of bamboos with swords and his forces also forced prisoners to watch their families being raped.


[[File:Hirohito_in_dress_uniform.jpg|center|thumb|Hirohito]]
Although his regime would calm down significantly after WWII, he has been considered a brutal dictator, and his likeness is sometimes praised by the Far-Right.[[File:Hirohito_in_dress_uniform.jpg|center|thumb|Hirohito]]


===Erika (Song)===
===Erika (Song)===
[[File:ErikaSheetMusic.svg|thumb|center|Erika Sheet Music]]
"Erika" is a marching song, known primarily as one of the most popular songs chanted by Wehrmacht soldiers during World War II. While the song itself contains no explicitly racist lyrics, it is often used by neo-Nazis in propaganda videos, as a discrete nod to the true nature of a given movement's ideology.[[File:ErikaSheetMusic.svg|thumb|center|Erika Sheet Music]]
===Europa: The Last Battle (Film)===
===Europa: The Last Battle (Film)===
[[File:EuropaTheLastBattle.jpg|thumb|center|The Poster for Europa: The Last Battle]]
Europa: The Last Battle is a neo-Nazi propaganda film. It is usually presented as a serious and sometimes unbiased long-form historical documentary on the Holocaust and the Second World War. In reality, it promotes Holocaust revisionism and sympathizes with Nazi Germany. The film's popularity has led to the phrase "Watch Europa" being adapted as a neo-Nazi catchphrase and a dog whistle for Holocaust revisionism.[[File:EuropaTheLastBattle.jpg|thumb|center|The Poster for Europa: The Last Battle]]
===Feminazi (Term)===
===Feminazi (Term)===
[[File:FeminaziGame.jpg|thumb|center|A game that uses "Feminazi" in the title]]
[[File:FeminaziGame.jpg|thumb|center|A game that uses "Feminazi" in the title]]

Revision as of 16:21, 19 January 2023

This list is for symbols that are associated with hate. Each symbol is defined as either a Visual Symbol, Phrase, Meme, Term, Concept, Dogwhistle, Song, or Conspiracy Theory.

When adding entries, the list must stay in alphabetical order. And all entries are provided with an example image.

Explicit Hate Symbols

Symbols, Terms, Phrases, Memes, etc. whose appearance are unambiguously linked to hate. They are almost exclusively limited to the promotion of hate.

109 Countries (Numeric/Conspiracy)

"109 Countries" refers to an antisemitic myth that Jews have been historically expelled from 109 countries. The myth is persistent in conspiratorial antisemitic groups, and the idea that malicious Jewish conduct has lead to worldwide rejection is used to promote the narrative that Jewish genocide/expulsion are necessary.

109 Countries is sometimes censored on social media for hate speech and disinformation, however, references to the concept that use coded language, such as referencing “the 110th country” in future tense can be more difficult to moderate

File:Expelled109.png
A meme of a teacher looking into a student’s record of how many times he was expelled, and the teacher says that he was expelled 109 times, and the student’s mother says that it’s because the schools were persecuting him for no reason, and on the shirt of the student, you can see the Star of David.

13/50 (Numeric)

"13/50" refers to a racist myth that African Americans are responsible for 50% of all the crime in the US. This meme is used to perpetrate a stereotype about blacks being prone to crime, or violence. They can sometimes appear in similar numbers like 14% or 51% respectively, and sometimes, it may come in the form of "13/90", which says they are responsible for 90% of the crime. Since they are coded, they can appear in posts that do not appear to be hateful to those unfamiliar with them.

File:1350.jpg
A 13/50 meme about a mathemetician saying that 13% commit 50% of the crime no matter how he calculates it.

6 Gorillion (Meme)

"Six Gorillion" is mocking reference to the six million Jews killed by Nazi Germany in the Holocaust. This term exists to emphasize an antisemitic narrative that the number 6 million was fabricated, and that Jews use that figure as a rhetorical shield and justification for alleged machinations. It is used in antisemitic memes to deny, distort, or mock the Holocaust and the memorial culture that surrounds it, including the victims, and the descendants of the victims

File:6Gorillion.png
An edited Yugioh card called "Muh 6 Gorillion". On the card, it says that "when played: your opponent cannot attack this turn"

6 Million? (Phrase)

"6 Million?" is a phrase that calls into question the number of Jews that were killed during the Holocaust. Some Holocaust deniers/distorters will concede that the Jews were killed by the Nazi regime and their collaborators, but will attempt to use sophistry and disinformation to undermine widely documented and historical facts.

File:MaybeItHappenedBut6Million.jpg
A meme of General Grievous conceding the Jews died in the Holocaust, but undermines the death toll by questioning the number of deaths.

6 Million Wasn't Enough (Phrase)

“Six Million Wasn’t Enough” (also acronymized as 6MWE) is an antisemitic slogan known for its use by the Proud Boys. The phrase plays off of tropes in modern Holocaust celebration, lamenting that the 6 million Jews killed in the Holocaust was only part of an incomplete solution and that more Jews need to die in addition to those who perished in the Holocaust.

File:6MWE.png
A Proud Boys member wearing a shirt with the acronym "6MWE", which stands for the antisemitic phrase "Six Million Wasn't Enough".

Adolf Hitler (Symbol)

Adolf Hitler was the dictator of Germany from 1933, to 1945. Hitler was known for his antisemitism and was responsible for the deaths of millions of Jews, totalling up to 6 million. Even after his death in 1945, he is praised by the Alt-Right and Neo-Nazis for his racist and antisemitic views, and he would also be the inspiration for the aformentioned groups.

Adolf Hitler

Alphabet People (Term)

A term used in online hate when used by Anti-LGBT people, it is used to refer to and dehumanize 2SLGBTQA+ people. The term pokes fun at the length of the acronym which is used to include non-heterosexual and non-cisgender identities.

File:AlphabetPeople.jpg
A meme of a screenshot from the "Futurama" TV show, and the text on the meme says "When the alphabet people come up with a new gender", and the captions say "I believe that qualifies as ill"

Amerimutt (Meme)

Amerimutt is a meme character originating from the 4chan board "/pol/", which appears frequently in memes mocking multiculturalism, ethnic diversity, and so-called "race-mixing". It it sometimes used by ethnonationalists to ridicule nationalists whose politics are less extreme than theirs, on the basis that they are not really "white".

File:Amerimutt.png
Amerimutt

Anders Breivik (Symbol)

Anders Behring Breivik is a Norwegian neo-Nazi domestic terrorist and the perpetrator of two attacks that killed 77 people in 2011. He is currently serving a 21 year sentence in prison for these actions. Since the attacks, Breivik has become a symbol for neo-Nazis, some of whom hail him as a Saint alongside other white supremacist mass killers. He was notably cited by the Christchurch shooter Brenton Tarrant as a source of inspiration.

File:AndersBreivik.jpg
Anders Breivik

Anudda Shoah (Meme/Phrase)

The phrase “anudda Shoah” (sometimes spelled “anuddah Shoah”) is an anti-Semitic phrase that became popular among white supremacists in 2014 and increasingly thereafter, particularly among adherents of the alt right segment of the white supremacist movement.

“Shoah” is a Hebrew word meaning “catastrophe” and is one of the most common terms used to refer to the Holocaust.  White supremacists use the phrase “anudda Shoah” to mock both Jews and the Holocaust, intending the phrase to be understood as spoken by a Jewish person with a heavy Yiddish accent comparing the Holocaust to virtually anything they may be unhappy about.

Common examples of this usage include language such as “Oy vey! It’s anudda Shoah!” or “It’s like anudda Shoah!” or “It’s literally anudda Shoah!”  This language is usually used as a response to something trivial, to imply that Jews will bring up the Holocaust over practically any issue, as in this example: “Oy vey, they made us play soccer. It’s like anudda shoah!”

When used as a meme, “Anudda Shoah” is often combined with The Happy Merchant.

File:AnuddaShoah.jpg
A Happy Merchant meme where he says “Oy Vey! It’s Anudda Shoah!”

Anti-Antifa (Dogwhistle)

"Anti-antifa" is a common dogwhistle for the promotion of fascism. Antifa stands for "Anti-fascist", implicating the double negative suffix "anti-antifa" as "fascist".

Antifa is also a loosely used term associated with anti-fascist and sometimes broader anti-racist groups. As most antifascist groups and activists are politically leftist, "anti-antifa" branding is sometimes marketed as anti-leftist, rather than pro-fascist. This strategy has been used historically to push neofascist movements to mainstream appeal, such as the explicitly neo-Nazi Rock Against Communism movement that positioned white power rock music as though it was primarily anti-communist rather than white supremacist.

Anti-Antifa

Anti-Racist Is A Code For Anti-White (Phrase)

"Anti-Racist is a Code Word for Anti-White" is a racist slogan that became popular among white supremacists in the mid-2000s. It is derived from a short essay commonly referred to as "The Mantra," popularized by long-time white supremacist Bob Whitaker. "The Mantra" attempts to rebut accusations of racism by claiming that people who profess to be anti-racist are actually trying to destroy the white race and that the term "anti-racist" is equivalent to "anti-white." Whitaker's followers have convinced themselves that if they simply repeat The Mantra, or the slogan derived from it, that they can somehow capture or reframe debates about racism. They frequently exhibit the slogan on signs and banners.

They are often used in the context of references to the Great Replacement conspiracy theory, which alleges that whites are being oppressed and ultimately replaced in Western countries through immigration. The term aims to create the perception that there exists a global threat against whiteness, as well as to downplay racism against marginalized communities.

File:AntiRacistAntiWhite.jpg
A sign saying "Anti-Racist is a code word for Anti-White".

Apache Attack Helicopter (Meme)

"Apache Attack Helicopter" refers to oft-repeated jokes used by transphobes to invalidate the identity of transgender people, by comparing their identification with a given gender as equally frivolous to identifying as an inanimate object.

File:AttackHelicopterTrans.jpg
An Attack Helicopter Meme.

Apartheid South Africa Flag (Symbol)

South Africa had a history of racism, from 1948 to 1994 (Even during the colonial period), and during that time, the indigenous Africans were discriminated against in the form of segregation, despite making the majority, while Whites and Northeast/Southeast Asians despite them making a minority, had access to everything. Even after the Apartheid era, it would still be used by racists/white nationalists as this was a symbol of segregationism. It’s not as widely used outside South Africa, and some people may miss/not notice the flag and the hateful meaning behind it

Apartheid South African Flag

Arbeit Macht Frei/Work Sets You Free (Phrase)

Arbeit Mach Frei translates to "Work sets you free". The phrase is known for its placement at the entrances to Holocaust concentration camps, including at Auschwitz-Birkenau. It is referenced in Holocaust denial memes as evidence that concentration camps like Auschwitz-Birkenau were only meant as slave labour, not as places intended for extermination. This relies on a false idea that the expression was used by Nazi Germany earnestly and that Jews, Roma, and Sinti people in concentration camps were intended to be set free after a set amount of work was performed.

The expression also appears in memes celebrating the Holocaust, most often intended to shock or intimidate viewers while promoting extreme antisemitism.

An Arbeit Macht Frei sign

Arrow Cross (Symbol)

The Arrow Cross was the symbol of Hungary's Arrow Cross Party, a fascist, ethnonationalist party installed by Nazi Germany to govern Hungary in 1944. Under Arrow Party rule, Hungary assisted Nazi Germany with mass killings and enslavement of at least tens of thousands of Jewish and Romani Hungarians. Though not necessarily as common as other fascist symbols, it has been used in some neo-Nazi movements since.

File:1200px-ArrowCross.svg.png
Arrow Cross

At least we're not speaking german (Phrase)

"At least we're not speaking German" is used as a sarcastic expression by Axis sympathizers that is intended to mischaracterize the actions of Nazi Germany. This narrative minimizes or denies the Holocaust and other actions taken by Axis forces during the Second World War, boiling the conflict down to simply a preference of languages.

It is often used to critique what is considered a symptom of the modern global West that Nazi sympathizers believe would not exist under Nazi German rule.

File:NotSpeakingGerman.png
An image of a burning church, with text below it saying “At least we are not speaking German”

Augusto Pinochet (Symbol)

Augusto José Ramon Pinochet Ugarte (1915-2006) was a dictator who ruled over Chile from 1973 to 1990. Brought to power after a military coup, Pinochet's rule was marked by allegations of human rights abuses, in particular forced disapperances through so-called 'death flights' during which political enemies would be thrown from flying helicopters. Pinochet's authoriarianism and violent treatment of left-wing dissidents has made him a revered icon within some hateful online spaces.

File:Augusto-pinochet-64e8c543-f3a3-4880-9ac9-48b2b64aff2-resize-750.jpeg
Augusto Pinochet

Auschwitz Swimming Pool (Meme)

Memes referencing the so-called Auschwitz swimming pool promote Holocaust denialism by implying or stating that the presence of a swimming pool in the camps proves that their objective was not to exterminate Jews and that Jewish prisoners were treated well. There indeed was a swimming pool in the Auschwitz camps, which doubled as a water tank in case of fire. However, its use was limited to German officers, as well as some non-Jewish inmates.

File:AuschwitzSwimmingPoolHolocaustDistortion.jpg
A meme about the Auschwitz Swimming Pool that distorts the Holocaust

Benito Mussolini (Symbol)

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (1883-1945) was a fascist dictator who ruled over Italy from 1922 until his death in 1945. Sometimes referred to as 'Il Duce', Mussolini is often credited as one of the first explicitly fascist world leader. Because Mussolini's antisemitism and racism were less pronounced than those of counterparts like Hitler, some fascists use his likeness as a more socially acceptable symbol of fascism.

File:Hith-mussolini-92424342-1-2.jpg
Benito Mussolini

Biology is Hate Speech (Phrase)

"Biology is hate speech" is a phrase used to excuse transphobic rhetoric as though it is only an expression of scientific fact. The phrase was popularized in trans-exclusionary (self-described) feminist spaces as a means of rebranding messaging excluding trans women as women, but is also used in other transphobic spaces.

File:BiologyIsHateSpeech.jpg
A screenshot from the anime "The Brave Fighter of Sun Fighbird", Yutaro Katori labeled "Trans people" in the meme pointing to a butterfly labeled "Biology" and asking "Is this hate speech?"

Black Sun/Sonnenrad

The Black Sun is a symbol based on Zierscheibe (Ornamental Disks) of the European Iron-Age. SS (Schutzstaffel) head Heinrich Himmler had the symbol installed as a floor mosaic in Wewelsburg Castle which was envisioned as the main centre for the SS. Today, the Black Sun is used in place of the Swastika as a symbol of National Socialism. It is also treated as a pseudo-historical symbol of Norse or "Aryan" heritage. It can also represent elements of Occultism/Satanism which can be found within some neo-Nazi movements. Because the Black Sun isn’t as well known as the Swastika, it can be occasionally missed and broadcast by journalists and organizations.

File:BlackSun.png
Black Sun

Blut und Boden/Blood and Soil (Phrase)

"Blut und Boden" (english translation: Blood and Soil") is an expression used by Nazi Germany to propagandize the relationship between "Aryan" people and German land. It is a common slogan in white supremacist movements.

Logo of the Reich Ministry of Food and Agriculture, and on the logo says 'Blut und Boden".

Blut und Ehre/Blood and Honer (Phrase)

"Blut und Ehre" is a German phrase that translates into "Blood and Honor". It was popularized by the Nazi Party (as a Hitler Youth slogan and elsewhere). Since World War II, this German phrase (and even more so for its English translation) has commonly been used by white supremacists in Europe, the United States, and elsewhere, most notably as the name of an international racist skinhead group.

File:BloodAndHonerHoodie.png
A hoodie with the phrase "Blood and Honor".

Brenton Tarrant (Symbol)

On 15 March 2019 white supremacist Brenton Harrison Tarrant killed 51 Muslim people in a shooting spree in Christchurch, New Zealand. Tarrant, who was heavily influenced by online far-right media, covered his equipment in references to internet memes and neo-Nazi symbols and videotaped his killing spree on a mounted camera for online distribution. Though mainstream social media platforms heavily moderated the video's spread, it was seen widely in extreme spaces.

Tarrant is idolized and deified in white supremacist accelerationist spaces, where adherents look to his actions for inspiration. His likeness, his manifesto, and memes incorporating footage from his video are used to incite hate-based violence, especially violence towards Muslims.

Brenton Tarrant

By God We'll Have Our Home Again (Song)

By God We'll Have Our Home Again is a white nationalist song sung to the tune of Rolling Down to Old Maui, a 19th century sea shanty. Its lyrics are most often credited to a U.S. fraternal neo-Nazi group. It was adapted as "the official theme song" of the Canadian Diagolon movement.

File:ByGodWe’llHaveOurHomeAgain.jpg
An upload of the song on YouTube, posted by the song composer Mannerbünd (through Pine Tree Riots)

Charles Manson (Symbol)

Charles Manson (1934-2017) was an American cult leader who was found guilty of orchestrating a series of murders in Los Angeles in 1969. Manson's teachings merged new age hippie beliefs, Christianity and racism. He believed a race war was imminent, and that it should be accelerated in order to ensure that he and his cult could rule the world as the world's last white people. From his jail cell, Manson became a figure of inspiration and eventually a figurehead for neo-Nazi accelerationist groups.

Charles Manson

Confederate Flag (Symbol)

The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War’s battle flag, commonly known as the Confederate Flag became a widely-used symbol of the slaveholding South after their defeat, and the pseudohistorical "Lost Cause" mythos that followed. The flag was often used to express racial animus during moments of widespread civil rights and labour activism, and is often associated with a variety of racist and far-right views. The flag, which is sometimes used as a symbol of rural identity, has a history of being flown outside the US, and appeared alongside other extreme symbols at the January 6th insurrection, and at the 2022 Freedom Convoy in Ottawa.

File:Confederate Rebel Flag.png
The Confederate Flag

Conquered, Not Stolen (Phrase)

“Conquered, Not Stolen” is an anti-indigenous phrase that celebrates the colonial system and genocide implemented by European settlers. The phrase proposes that land should belong to a race or culture that last fought to conquer it. “Conquered, Not Stolen” is a chauvinistic statement intended to push back upon attempts by settler societies to push back upon attempts by settlers to confront, and reconcile with their colonial history by promoting genocide celebration and white nationalist interperetations of history. The phrase is also used to articulate the support for maintaining the privileged societal position of white European colonizers. It is used by the US American white nationalist/supremacist group “Patriot Front” in their propaganda.

The irony of whenever people use this is the fact that they don’t realize “conquered” is worse as people’s land is taken over, and conquering is basically the same thing as stealing.

File:ConqueredNotStolen.png
A "Conquered, Not Stolen" propaganda poster by the Patriot Front

Cuckservative (Term)

"Cuckservative" is a term that typically mocks conservatives from an extreme right-wing position. It includes the language of "cuck", a popular insult in far-right spaces that attempts to demasculate primarily male targets. Though broadly used, it often accompanies grievances that conservativism as it's commonly understood is ineffective and that conservatives should embrace the more extreme politics of fascism.

File:CuckservatismFakeAndGay.jpg
A picture of Erin O'Toole crudely photoshopped on a Pride flag. Above and below, the captions read "cuckservatism is fake and gay!"

Cultural Marxism (Dogwhistle/Conspiracy)

"Cultural Marxism" refers to an antisemitic conspiracy theory that alleges the continued existence of Marxist theory is part of a sinister Jewish plot. It appears commonly as an antisemitic dogwhistle.

Far Right users would encourage people to "Smash Cultural Marxism". The catchphrase uses "Cultural Marxism" as a placeholder for perceived Jewish control of culture.

File:SmashCulturalMarxism.png
Smash Cultural Marxism

Dancing Israelis (Conspiracy)

Dancing Israelis is an antisemitic term that refers to conspiracy theories involving 5 Israeli men who were detained for displaying “puzzling behavior” during the 9/11 attacks. The term implies that Israelis were involved in, or masterminded the 9/11 attacks. Its use in hateful online spaces gained prominence after white nationalist Nicholas J. Fuentes directed his followers to reference it in public stunts.

File:DancingIsraeli.gif
A gif of a person dancing with an Israeli flag, with captions telling people to look up “Dancing Israelis”

Day of the Rope (Phrase)

"Day of the Rope" is a call for violence taken from the 1978 white nationalist propaganda novel The Turner Diaries written by Neo-Nazi William Luther Pierce, which depicts a fictional overthrow of the US government and ensuring a race war. Pierce’s book was influential among white supremacists/nationalists including Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh, who was found with pages after the attack. In the book, this phrase refers to a scene in the book where “race traitors” and enemies are executed en masse. Subsequent works by white supremacists have referenced the Day of the Rope. There are numerous explicit and implicit posts referencing "Day of the Rope", which is sometimes referenced through noose related imagery.

File:DayOfTheRope.png
An image of a noose, with captions saying “The Day of the Rope is nigh”

Defend Europa/Defend Europe (Phrase)

Defend Europa, or Defend Europe, is a slogan of the transnational far-right “Identitarian” movement, a traditionally Euro-centric ideological movement developed by French ultranationalists and white nationalists. In youth-oriented international groups across many countries, including those outside Europe, the ideologies and the branding of European identitarian groups overlap with alt-right culture.

Traditionally rallying cries for hatred to immigrants and non-white Europeans, ‘Defend Europe/Europa’ has become popular in a variety of different white nationalist and white supremacist movements, even in countries outside of Europe.

File:DefendEuropa.jpg
A Fashwave image with the phrase "Defend Europa". In the image, you can see asylum seekers on a raft, with an orca lunging at them. In the background is a sonnenrad.

Derek Chauvin (Symbol)

Derek Chauvin is an ex-law enforcement officer who was convicted of killing George Floyd, an unarmed Black man, on May 25, 2020. Images of the incident, which were captured on camera, became the object of memes made by white nationalists which praise Chauvin for killing a Black man. His likeness, as well as the chokehold in which he held Floyd leading to his death, are referenced in memes making light of the situation, or expressing sentiments of domination over various groups.

File:Chauvin-murder-floyd.png
A photograph of Derek Chauvin kneeling on George Floyd

Dindu Nuffin (Phrase)

Dindu Nuffin' is a racist expression used to depict Black people as criminalistic, violent or predatorial. Originating from 4chan's infamous /pol/ board, known for the virulent racism of its members, the expression is derived from a stereotypically racist phonetic spelling of the phrase "I didn't do nothing" which mocks AAVE speakers.

File:DinduNuffin.jpg
A fake movie poster with "Dindu Nuffin" as the title

Diversity = White Genocide (Phrase/Conspiracy)

A slogan used by white nationalists and other white supremacist movements, typically in arguments alleging that diversity and immigration are part of a conspiracy to replace the white population of Western countries, otherwise known as the Great Replacement conspiracy theory.

File:DiversityEqualsWhiteGenocide.jpg
The text above the comic strip says "I know this is the last White area on the planet left, but maybe diversity will work this time?". The comic depicts the Trojan Horse passing a brick wall, with two Roman soldiers gawking at it. The heads popping out of the sides of the horse are filled in to be of different skin colors, the horse is painted with rainbow colors on the front, and a sign on it says "Diversity". One of the men in the horse says "Aww...let us in". Underneath is the text "Don't be stupid lieutenant, diversity is a codeword for White Genocide."

Dylann Roof (Symbol)

Born in 1994, Dylann Roof is an American white supremacist domestic terrorist, who shot and killed 9 congregants of a Black Baptist church in Charleston, South Carolina. Since the shooting, Roof has become a revered figure within neo-Nazi and other supremacist spaces. He was notably cited by Christchurch shooter Brenton Tarrant as a source of inspiration. Like many other white supremacist mass killers, some neo-Nazis hail Roof as a "saint" for their cause.

File:Dylann Roof mugshot.jpg
Dylann Roof

Emperor Hirohito (Symbol)

Emperor Hirohito was the 124th Emperor of Japan, reigning from December 1926 to his death in 1989. He was the longest reigning Emperor in Japanese history, ruling for 63 years. He made up one-third of the Axis Powers during World War II alongside Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini.

Hirohito himself was known for his cruelty during his earlier years as Emperor. He was known for his hatred towards other Asian groups; some estimate he may have been the mastermind behind the deaths of 10,000,000 people (mostly Koreans and Filipinos). He particularly enjoyed impaling them with sharp pieces of bamboos with swords and his forces also forced prisoners to watch their families being raped.

Although his regime would calm down significantly after WWII, he has been considered a brutal dictator, and his likeness is sometimes praised by the Far-Right.

Hirohito

Erika (Song)

"Erika" is a marching song, known primarily as one of the most popular songs chanted by Wehrmacht soldiers during World War II. While the song itself contains no explicitly racist lyrics, it is often used by neo-Nazis in propaganda videos, as a discrete nod to the true nature of a given movement's ideology.

File:ErikaSheetMusic.svg
Erika Sheet Music

Europa: The Last Battle (Film)

Europa: The Last Battle is a neo-Nazi propaganda film. It is usually presented as a serious and sometimes unbiased long-form historical documentary on the Holocaust and the Second World War. In reality, it promotes Holocaust revisionism and sympathizes with Nazi Germany. The film's popularity has led to the phrase "Watch Europa" being adapted as a neo-Nazi catchphrase and a dog whistle for Holocaust revisionism.

File:EuropaTheLastBattle.jpg
The Poster for Europa: The Last Battle

Feminazi (Term)

File:FeminaziGame.jpg
A game that uses "Feminazi" in the title

Femoid (Term)

File:Femoid.png
A post by an incel. The post continuously uses the term "Femoid"

Fourteen Words (Phrase)

File:Screen-Shot-2018-10-04-at-3.14.32-PM.png
The Fourteen Words quote itself as coined by David Lane.

Fuck You, Make Me/FYMM (Phrase)

File:FYMMShirt.jpg
Photograph of two shirts on a Diagolon flag. On the left is a shirt with a parody artwork of the videogame DOOM. It features FYMM (Fuck You Make Me), a slogan of Diagolon, and an illustration of a ram where Doom's Doomslayer would be. On the right is a Diagolon flag with a ram's head in front of it.

Gas The K*kes, Race War Now (Phrase)

File:GTKRWN.png
Neon lights spelling out "Gas the K*kes, race war now"

George Lincoln Rockwell (Symbol)

George Lincoln Rockwell

Globohomo (Term)

File:Globohomo.png
An Illustration of a girl put in the "Indoctrination Machine", and the person who is indoctrinating the woman is a cloaked person with the term "globohomo" written on his cloak, a man with "Chud" written on his shirt is punching the glass window, all angry.

Glowie/Glown*gger (Term)

File:Glowie.jpg
A meme mocking “Glowies”. In the center is the Amerimutt as a CIA agent, and around him are sentences with offensive language

Great Replacement/White Genocide (Conspiracy)

File:GreatReplacementInFilm.jpg
An A. Wyatt Man cartoon that claims "Jews are pushing race mixing in film". This cartoon promotes a variant of the Great Replacement.

(By) Gun or (By) Rope (Phrase)

File:GunsOrRopes.jpg
Close up of a t-shirt that has a parody of the rock band Guns 'N' Roses logo. The logo reads "GUNS OR ROPES".

GypsyCrusader (Meme)

File:Paul Nicholas Miller.jpg
GypsyCrusader

Happy Merchant/Shlomo Shekelstein (Meme)

File:HappyMerchant.jpg
Happy Merchant

Heil Hitler/HH (Phrase)

File:HHHulkHogan.jpg
A "for the better" meme showing Hulk Hogan as Anakin, saying "HH Brother", to which Padmé responds "You mean Hulk Hogan right?".

Hideki Tojo (Symbol)

Hideki Tojo

Hooked Nose (Symbol)

File:HookedNosePoster.jpg
A poster with the hooked nose

I Love JK Rowling (Phrase)

File:ILoveJKRowling.jpg
A sign saying "I Love JK Rowling".

Imperial Japan/Rising Sun Flag (Symbol)

Imperial Japan was a regime that led Japan during World War II, and as a member of the Axis Powers, allied with Nazi Germany. Imperial Japan would even occupy other parts of Northeast and Southeast Asia and commit war crimes in those areas, and even in Japan itself. Even after the fall of Imperial rule in Japan, far-right groups both in and outside (mainly inside) Japan have adopted the symbol, most notably by Zaitokukai, and Netto-Uyoku, and other far-right groups in Japan. It is also used within anti-woke/anti-SJW sectors in the Anime Community. Because it is not as widely used outside Japan, it can occasionally be missed by people fighting against hate, similar case with the Apartheid South Africa Flag.

File:1200px-War flag of the Imperial Japanese Army (1868–1945).svg.png
The Imperial Japanese Flag

It's okay to be white (Phrase/Dogwhistle)

A poster put on a wooden telephone pole saying "It's okay to be white".

James Mason (Symbol)

File:20200928 045911.jpg
James Mason

Jewbook and Jewtube (Terms)

File:JewTube.jpg
JewTube
File:JewBook.jpg
Jewbook

Jewish Slavery (Conspiracy)

File:JewishSlaveryConspiracy.jpg
A post stating that 78% of the slave owners in the US were ethnic Jews

Ku Klux Klan Robes (Symbol)

The Ku Klux Klan have a uniform that consists of a robe and hood (mainly white), they may sometimes come in different colors (also pictured). The Ku Klux Klan is a hate group known for the lynching and persecution of African Americans, as well as other minorities.

File:Kkk-robe-l.jpg
A Ku Klux Klan robe.

Love Your Race (Dogwhistle/Phrase)

File:LoveYourRace.png
A poster saying "Love Your Race"

Loxism (Term)

File:Loxism.png
An antisemitic meme attacking "Loxists". "Loxist" is an antisemitic slur.

Manosphere (Term)

File:Manosphere.png
Cover of the book "The Manosphere!: How The Red Pill, Game And The Internet Are Revalorizing Masculinity For The 21st Century!".

Master Race (Concept)

File:RaceChartNazi.jpg
A racial chart from Nazi Germany. This is used to propose that white, or “Aryan” people are superior to other races

Meine Ehre Heisst Treue/My Honor Is Loyalty (Phrase)

File:Meine Ehre Heisst Treue dagger.jpg
A dagger with “Meine Ehre Heisst Treue” on the blade

Muh Holocaust (Phrase)

“Muh Holocaust” is an anti-Semitic meme invented by white supremacists to depict Jews as “whining” about the Holocaust, particularly when confronted with ostensible criticism.

The word “muh” in the phrase stands for the word “my.” The phrase evolved from a broader meme on forums such as 4chan depicting people of different backgrounds or political persuasions spouting off on various subjects—with the rants simply replaced with the shorthand phrase “Muh X,” as in “Muh heritage,” “Muh freedoms,” “Muh guns,” etc.

White supremacists quickly appropriated the meme for anti-Semitic purposes, making “Muh Holocaust” one of the most popular of the “Muh” memes. The phrase has become shorthand for the anti-Semitic claim that Jews routinely use the Holocaust to deflect attention from any unwelcome subject, or simply to gain attention.

In graphic images, the phrase “Muh Holocaust” is often combined with use of the Happy Merchant cartoon.

File:NoMuhHolocaust.png
An image of two Happy Merchants. The first one says “Muh Holocaust”, and then the other says “No, Muh Holocaust”.

N-Chain (Meme)

File:NChain.jpg
A tweet from a user saying that he broke the N-Word chain

Nathan Phillips Square Blackface Guy (Meme)

File:NathanPhillipsSquareBlackFaceGuy.png
A photograph of the blackface incident with the guy in blackface at the Nathan Phillips Square in Toronto

National Socialist Black Metal/NSBM (Songs)

File:ARYANHAMMER.jpg
Example of a National Socialist Black Metal band. (Aryan Hammer, Finland)

Nazi salute/Roman salute/Sieg Heil (Symbol/Phrase)

File:RomanSalute.jpg
Italian Neo-Nazis doing the Roman Salute.

Nazi Swastika (Symbol)

File:NaziSwastika.png
Nazi Swastika

No More Brother(s) Wars (Phrase)

File:NoMoreBrotherWars.jpg
An image of white people from other countries, and in the middle of image says "No More Brother Wars"

Open Borders For Israel (Phrase)

File:Open-borders-for-israel-.png
A poster saying "Open Borders For Israel"

Oswald Mosley (Symbol)

Oswald Mosley

Race Traitor (Term)

File:KillTraitorBeforeEnemy.jpg
A still image from the television show Jimmy Neutron, showing Hugh Neutron eating breakfast. Below, the text reads "I tell you Jimbo, those kooky third-world ooga-boogas might seem like the worst thing ever, but without all the liberal cuck-a-ducks none of them would even be here in the first place. Always kill a traitor before an enemy, Jim Jam".

Racial Question (Term)

File:JQTweet.jpg
A Tweet saying “Wendell red pilling a Jew on the JQ?”. JQ Stands for Jewish Question.

Rapefugees/Rapeugees (Term)

File:RapefugeesNotWelcome.png
An illustration saying "Rapefugees not welcome", an anti-immigrant slogan. The illustration is based on an incident where a woman is raped by a Guinean asylum seeker.

Reclaim Your Foreskin (Phrase/Dogwhistle)

File:ReclaimYourForeskin.jpg
A Fashwave meme with the phrase “Reclaim Your Foreskin”

Remove Kebab (Song/Meme)

File:RemoveKebab.jpg
Remove Kebab

Revolt Against The Modern World (Book/Phrase)

File:RevoltAgainstTheModernWorld.png
A picture of Jesus overlayed with fashwave aesthetics, with text that reads "Revolt Against the Modern World. Not because it is modern, but because it is evil."

Rhodesia Flag (Symbol)

Rhodesia Flag

Right Wing Death Squad/RWDS (Term)

File:RWDSFashwave.png
A Fashwave image with the text saying “Right Wing Death Squad”

Rock Against Communism (Songs)

File:RockAgainstCommunism.png
Rock Against Communism

Sheeeit Guy/Tyrone (Meme)

File:ShieeetGuy.png
Shieeet Guy/Tyrone

Shitskin (Term)

File:YaFuckingShitSkin.jpg
A meme of King Leonidas from the movie “300”. The text on the image reads “Ya Fucking Shit Skin”

SIEGE (Book)

File:JM Siege.jpg
SEIGE

Soyboy (Term)

File:SoyBoyBook.jpg
A book claiming "Soyboys/Beta Males" are ruining society

Sperg (Term)

File:NotTodaySperg.png
A still image of Buzz Lightyear from the Toy Story films. The text on the image reads "Not Today Sperg"

SS Bolts (Symbol)

SS Bolts

SS Totenkopf (Symbol)

File:SS Totenkopf.png
SS Totenkopf

Stonetoss (Meme)

File:Stonetoss.jpg
Stonetoss' Profile Picture.

Straight Pride (Phrase)

File:StraightPride.jpg
An image saying that Straight Pride is "Natural, and worked for thousands of years". It is used to trivialize the importance of LGBT people.

SuperStraight And Variations (Meme)

File:SuperStraight.jpg
The SuperStraight flag.

Synagogue of Satan (Term)

File:SynagogueofSatan.jpg
An image showing a butchered version of a bible verse. This butchered interpretation mentions the "Synagogue of Satan"

Terrorwave (Meme)

File:BrentonTerrorwave.jpg
An example of Terrorwave. This Terrorwave image contains images of Brenton Tarrant and other things related to him.

The Goyim Know(s) (Phrase)

File:MonikaGoyim.png
An image of Monika from the DDLC game, with captions saying "The Goyim Know, Shut It Down"

The Turner Diaries (Book)

File:TurnerDiaries.png
The Turner Diaries book cover

The Wrong Side Won (Phrase)

File:TheWrongSideWon.jpg
A 'We did it Patrick, We saved the city' meme, with Spongebob's head replaced by Churchill's, and Patrick's by FDR. In the background is a map of a divided Europe, with half of it marked in red showing areas within the USSR's sphere of influence. Next to FDR is a Soviet flag. The text below reads 'We did it Franklin! We saved Europe!'. The meme presents the idea by the far-right that the Allied Forces are the wrong side and shouldn't have won and allege that an Axis victory should've happened.

Thot Patrol (Meme)

File:BegonThots.jpg
A “Begon Thot” meme where a guy shoots a girl labeled “thots” with his tank labeled “Thot Patrol”.

Timothy McVeigh (Symbol)

File:20200928 113621.jpg
Timothy McVeigh

Troon (Term)

File:InsultingTransphobicReply.jpg
A transphobic reply that calls transgenders "Troons"

Ursula Haverbeck (Symbol)

File:UrsulaHaverbeck.jpg
Ursula Haverbeck

Varg Vikernes/Burzum (Symbol/Songs)

File:Varg vikernes-sol austan mani vestan.jpg
Varg Vikernes

Waffen Shield (Symbol)

File:WaffenShielfVariants.jpg
Different variants of the Waffen Shield

We Wuz Kangz (Phrase)

“We Wuz Kangs” is a racist catchphrase and collection of memes directed at African-Americans and other people of sub-Saharan African descent. Originating in 2015 and popularized by the website 4chan, the phrase is a racist shorthand reference to discredited but popular Afrocentric theories that claimed sub-Saharan Africans were descended from ancient Egyptians.

The phrase and meme are intended to mock the Afrocentric theories and, by extension, anyone who might believe in them. Users employ phrases such as “We Wuz Kangs,” “We Wuz Kings,” and “Kings N Shiet,” featuring mock black American dialect that is intended to portray blacks as ignorant and a contrast to the ostensibly more civilized ancient Egyptians. Meme versions of the phrase similarly tend to feature images with racist stereotypes of black people, often contrasted with images of Egyptian pharaohs. The overall intent is to portray blacks as crude, ignorant and uncivilized.

Memes featuring the phrase often include an image of an African leader taken from The African Kingdoms expansion of the video game Age of Empires II, which debuted around the time the meme was created in 2015. Usage of the meme seemed to increase with the release of the popular movie Black Panther in 2018.

File:WeWuzKangz.jpg
A meme showing a black guy and a pharaoh looking face to face, with text saying “We Wuz Kangz”

What kind of books did the Nazis burn? (Phrase)

File:WhatBooksDidTheNazisBurn.jpg
A teenager coming across articles about transgender-related items, then researching 'What books did the Nazis burn', only to realize the books burned were those of the Institut fur Sexualwissenschaft, founded by 'transgender pioneer' Magnus Hirschfeld, who was Jewish.

White Lives Matter (Phrase)

File:KanyeCandaceWhiteLivesMatterShirts.png
Candace Owens and Kanye West wearing shirts saying “White Lives Matter”

White Pride (Phrase)

File:WhitePrideWorldWide.png
A banner saying “White Pride World Wide”, and in the center is a Celtic Cross. This slogan is also used for the Stormfront website.

White Unity At Every Opportunity (Phrase)

File:WhiteAtEveryOpportunity.jpg
A post saying “White Unity At Every Opportunity”

You Deserve What You Tolerate (Dogwhistle/Phrase)

File:YouDeserveWhatYouTolerate.jpg
A wooden sign saying "You Deserve What You Tolerate"

You Will Not Replace Us/Jews Will Not Replace Us (Phrase/Dogwhistle)

File:You-will-not-replace-us.png
Identitarians holding a banner saying "You Will Not Replace Us"

ZOG/JOG (Conspiracy)

File:End-Zog.jpg
Cutouts spelling "END ZOG" on a wooden floor, with the O stylized as the Star of David with the Celtic Cross in the middle. Antisemitic phrases are also written on the letter cutouts.

Contextual Hate Symbols

Symbols, Terms, Phrases, Memes, etc. that have been co-opted by hate-promoting groups and ascribed with contextual meaning.

/// (Symbol)

1488 (Numeric

18 (Numeric)

4/20 (Numeric)

41% (Numeric)

Accelerationism (Term)

AGP/Autogynephilia (Term)

American History X (Film)

Based (Term)

Boogaloo (Term)

Bowlcut (Symbol)

Burger King Crown (Symbol)

Canadian Red Ensign (Symbol)

Carillon Sacré-Coeur

Celtic Cross

Chaos Star

Chug (Term)

Clasped Hands (Symbol)

Critical Race Theory (Dogwhistle)

Crusader

Cuck

Cultural Enrichment (Term/Dogwhistle)

Day of Action (Meme)

Death Rune

Deus Vult

Digital Soldier

Division (Term/Suffix)

Drag Queen Story Hour (Dogwhistle)

Drop of Blood (Term)

Dyed Hair (Symbol/Dogwhistle)

Early Life (Meme)

Fasces (Symbol)

Female Pride (Phrase)

For XX (Phrase/Dogwhistle)

Fred Perry Polo (Symbol)

Gadsden Flag/Don't Tread On Me (Symbol/Phrase)

Gamers Rise Up (Phrase/Meme)

George Soros (Conspiracies)

Hard Times Create Strong Men (Meme)

Hawaiian Shirts (Symbol)

Helicopter Rides (Symbol/Dogwhistle)

Honk Honk (Meme)

I Support The Current Thing (Phrase/Meme)

If you only knew how bad things really are (Phrase)

Iron Cross (Symbol)

Islam is right about... (Phrase)

Islamo-leftism/Islamo-gauchisme (Term)

Jera Rune (Symbol)

Jogger (Term)

File:JoggerCard.png
A Family Guy Race Card meme mocking Ahmed Arbery, and on the card, anyone pale is a “Burglar” while anyone dark is considered an “Innocent Jogger”.

Jude Star (Symbol)

Kalergi Plan

Kali Yuga

Kek

Kill the Bankers (Phrase)

Kolovrat (Symbol)

Large Cities (Term)

Laser Eyes (Meme)

LGB (Term)

Life Rune (Symbol)

Lionel Groulx (Symbol)

Mail Bomb Memes (Meme)

Minor Attracted Person (Term)

Mjölnir (Symbol)

Naming Them (Concept)

Natives should have total control over their homeland (Phrase)

No Russian (Meme)

Noose (Symbol)

Nuremberg 2.0 (Concept)

o7 (Symbol)

Odal Rune (Symbol)

Okay Groomer (Phrase)

Optics (Concept/Term)

Our Great Ally/Israel is Our Greatest Ally (Phrase)

Padlock Law (Concept)

Patriotes Flag (Symbol)

Pattern noticer (Term)

Pills (Meme)

Pit Vipers (Symbol)

Political Solution (Term)

Pornography Websites (Meme)

Qui? (Phrase/Meme)

Real Men/Real Women

REEE (Meme/Phrase)

Reject Modernity, Embrace Tradition (Meme/Phrase)

Religion of Peace (Term)

Roman Statues (Symbol)

Rothschilds (Conspiracies/Dogwhistle)

Sainthood (Term)

Sex-based rights

Shaniqua (Term)

Sheeple (Term)

File:SheepleMask.jpg
An anti-mask sticker calling people who wear masks “Sheep”

Shekels (Term)

File:ShekelsIntensify.jpg
“Shekels Intensify”

Sigma Male/Sigma Rules (Term)

Skull Mask (Symbol)

Small Hat/Tiny Hat (Term)

Ted Kaczynski/The Unabomber (Symbol)

The Industrial Revolution and its Consequences (Phrase)

The world you were raised in no longer exists (Phrase)

Tiki Torches (Symbol)

File:AltRightTikiTorchMob.jpg
A rally of white nationalists holding Tiki Torches

Triple Parenthesis (Meme)

Triskele/Triskelion (Symbol)

Tyr Rune (Symbol)

USS Liberty Incident (Conspiracies)

Valknut (Symbol)

Valknut

Waffen (Term)

Was/Were Pronouns (Meme)

Weimar Germany (Term)

Which way, Western Man? (Meme/Phrase)

White Boy Summer (Phrase/Song)

White Families (Symbol)

White Powerade (Meme/Dogwhistle)

Woke (Term/Dogwhistle)

Wolfsangel (Symbol)

File:Wolfsangel.png
Wolfsangel

Wooden Doors (Term)

Yoke & Arrows (Symbol)

Characters With Hateful Uses

Characters that aren't inherently hateful, but are sometimes used to spread hatred online, and often have origins in hateful spaces.

Anton Chigurh

Art Hoe Wojak

Brainlet

Chads and Stacies

Coomer

Day of the Rake/The Leaf

Doomer

Gigachad

Joker

K-On Characters

Lord Humungous

Mac Tonight/Moon Man

Mommy E-Thot

NPC

Patrick Bateman

Pepe the Frog and Variants

Smuggie

Soyjak

The Riddler

Tradwife

Trollface

Wojak

Yes Chad

Contemporary or Active Hate Group Logos

Hate groups that are known to be active or recently active.

Historical or Defunct Hate Group Logos

Hate groups that are no longer active today, but their symbolism and likeness can appear in hate material.