Vladimir Lenin: Difference between revisions
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===Early life=== | ===Early life=== | ||
===Childhood: 1870–1887=== | ===Childhood: 1870–1887=== | ||
Lenin's | Lenin's father was the fourth child of impoverished tailor Nikolai Vassilievich Ulyanov who lived in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrakhan Astrakhan]. Ilya escaped poverty by studying physics and mathematics at a University before gaining a teaching job at the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Nobles Penza Institute for the Nobility] in 1854. Introduced to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Alexandrovna_Ulyanova Maria Alexandrovna Blank] (1835–1916), they married in the summer of 1863.From a relatively prosperous background, Mariya was the daughter of a Russian-Jewish physician, Alexander Dmitrievich Blank, and his German-Swedish wife, Anna Ivanovna Grosschopf. Dr Blank had insisted on providing his children with a good education, ensuring that Mariya learned Russian, German, English and French, and that she was well versed in Russian literature.Soon after their wedding, Ilya obtained a job in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizhni_Novgorod Nizhni Novgorod], rising to become Director of Primary Schools in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbirsk Simbirsk] district six years later. Five years after that, he was promoted to Director of Public Schools for the province, overseeing the foundation of over 450 schools as a part of the government's plans for modernisation. Awarded the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_St._Vladimir Order of St. Vladimir], he became a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_nobility hereditary nobleman]. | ||
The middle-class couple had two children, Anna (born 1864) and Alexander (born 1868) before the birth of their third child, Vladimir "Volodya" Ilyich ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language Russian]: Владимир Ильич Ульянов), on 10 April 1870, baptised in St Nicholas Cathedral several days later. They would be followed by three more children, Olga (born 1871), Dmitry (born 1874) and Mariya (born 1878). Another brother, Nikolai, had died several days after birth in 1873. Ilya was a devout member of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church Russian Orthodox Church] and baptised his children into it, although Mariya – a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranism Lutheran] – was largely indifferent to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity Christianity], a view that influenced her children. Both parents were [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchism monarchists] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_conservatism liberal conservatives], being committed to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_reform_of_1861 Emancipation reform of 1861] introduced by the reformist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia Tsar Alexander II]; they avoided political radicals and there is no evidence that the Tsarist police ever put them under surveillance for subversive thought. | The middle-class couple had two children, Anna (born 1864) and Alexander (born 1868) before the birth of their third child, Vladimir "Volodya" Ilyich ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language Russian]: Владимир Ильич Ульянов), on 10 April 1870, baptised in St Nicholas Cathedral several days later. They would be followed by three more children, Olga (born 1871), Dmitry (born 1874) and Mariya (born 1878). Another brother, Nikolai, had died several days after birth in 1873. Ilya was a devout member of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church Russian Orthodox Church] and baptised his children into it, although Mariya – a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranism Lutheran] – was largely indifferent to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity Christianity], a view that influenced her children. Both parents were [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchism monarchists] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_conservatism liberal conservatives], being committed to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_reform_of_1861 Emancipation reform of 1861] introduced by the reformist [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_II_of_Russia Tsar Alexander II]; they avoided political radicals and there is no evidence that the Tsarist police ever put them under surveillance for subversive thought. | ||
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Lenin died at 18.50 hrs, Moscow time, on 21 January 1924, aged 53, at his estate at Gorki settlement (later renamed [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorki_Leninskiye Gorki Leninskiye]). In the four days that the Bolshevik Leader Vladimir Ilyich Lenin [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lying_in_state lay in state], more than 900,000 mourners viewed his body in the Hall of Columns; among the statesmen who expressed condolences to the Soviet Union was Chinese premier [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen Sun Yat-sen], who said: | Lenin died at 18.50 hrs, Moscow time, on 21 January 1924, aged 53, at his estate at Gorki settlement (later renamed [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorki_Leninskiye Gorki Leninskiye]). In the four days that the Bolshevik Leader Vladimir Ilyich Lenin [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lying_in_state lay in state], more than 900,000 mourners viewed his body in the Hall of Columns; among the statesmen who expressed condolences to the Soviet Union was Chinese premier [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen Sun Yat-sen], who said: | ||
Through the ages of world history, thousands of leaders and scholars appeared who spoke eloquent words, but these remained words. You, Lenin, were an exception. You not only spoke and taught us, but translated your words into deeds. You created a new country. You showed us the road of joint struggle... You, great man that you are, will live on in the memories of the oppressed people through the centuries. | Through the ages of world history, thousands of leaders and scholars appeared who spoke eloquent words, but these remained words. You, Lenin, were an exception. You not only spoke and taught us, but translated your words into deeds. You created a new country. You showed us the road of joint struggle... You, great man that you are, will live on in the memories of the oppressed people through the centuries. [http://real-life-heroes-and-good-guys.wikia.com/wiki/Winston_Churchill Winston Churchill], who encouraged British intervention against the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Revolution_%281917%29 Russian Revolution], in league with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Movement White Movement], to destroy the Bolsheviks and Bolshevism, said: He alone could have found the way back to the causeway... The Russian people were left floundering in the bog. Their worst misfortune was his birth... their next worst his death. | ||
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He alone could have found the way back to the causeway... The Russian people were left floundering in the bog. Their worst misfortune was his birth... their next worst his death. | |||
===Funeral=== | ===Funeral=== | ||
The Soviet government publicly announced Lenin's death the following day, with head of State [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Kalinin Mikhail Kalinin] tearfully reading an official statement to delegates of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets at 11am, the same time that a team of physicians began a postmortem of the body. On 23 January, mourners from the Communist Party Central Committee, the Moscow party organisation, the trade unions and the soviets began to assemble at his house, with the body being removed from his home at about 10am the following day, being carried aloft in a red coffin by Kamenev, Zinoviev, Stalin, Bukharin, Bubhov and Krasin. Transported by train to Moscow, mourners gathered at every station along the way, and upon arriving in the city, a funerary procession carried the coffin for five miles to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Trade_Unions House of Trade Unions], where the body lay in state. | The Soviet government publicly announced Lenin's death the following day, with head of State [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Kalinin Mikhail Kalinin] tearfully reading an official statement to delegates of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets at 11am, the same time that a team of physicians began a postmortem of the body. On 23 January, mourners from the Communist Party Central Committee, the Moscow party organisation, the trade unions and the soviets began to assemble at his house, with the body being removed from his home at about 10am the following day, being carried aloft in a red coffin by Kamenev, Zinoviev, Stalin, Bukharin, Bubhov and Krasin. Transported by train to Moscow, mourners gathered at every station along the way, and upon arriving in the city, a funerary procession carried the coffin for five miles to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Trade_Unions House of Trade Unions], where the body lay in state. | ||
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Despite the official diagnosis of death from stroke consequences, the Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov reported that Lenin died of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosyphilis neurosyphilis], according to a publication by V. Lerner and colleagues in the ''European Journal of Neurology'' in 2004. The authors also note that "It is possible that future DNA technology applied to Lenin's preserved brain material could ultimately establish or disprove neurosyphilis as the primary cause of Lenin's death." | Despite the official diagnosis of death from stroke consequences, the Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov reported that Lenin died of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosyphilis neurosyphilis], according to a publication by V. Lerner and colleagues in the ''European Journal of Neurology'' in 2004. The authors also note that "It is possible that future DNA technology applied to Lenin's preserved brain material could ultimately establish or disprove neurosyphilis as the primary cause of Lenin's death." | ||
[[Category:List]] | [[Category:List]] | ||
[[Category:Male Villains]] | [[Category:Male Villains]] | ||