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Wojciech Jaruzelski
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== Early life == Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski was born on 6 July 1923 in Kurów,<sup>[1]</sup> into a family of Polish gentry.<sup>[1][2]</sup> He was the son of Wanda (née Zaremba) and Władysław Mieczysław Jaruzelski, a Czech-educated agronomist and volunteered soldier who fought in the war against Soviet Russia in 1920and was raised on the family estate near Wysokie (in the vicinity of Białystok). From 1933 until September 1939, he was educated in a Catholic school in Warsaw where he received strict religious education.[[World War II]] commenced on 1 September 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Germany, aided by the Soviet invasion of Poland <nowiki> </nowiki>sixteen days later. These resulted in the complete defeat of Poland by October, and a partition between Soviet and German zones of control. Jaruzelski and his family fled to Lithuania to stay with some friends. However, a few months later, after Lithuania and the other Baltic states were forcibly incorporated into the Soviet Union, Jaruzelski and his family were captured by the Red Army and deported to Siberia.<sup>[1][5]</sup> <nowiki> </nowiki>In June 1941, they were deprived of all their valuable possessions and <nowiki> </nowiki>deported. In the railway station, Jaruzelski was separated from his father, who was sent directly to a labour camp. Jaruzelski and his mother were sent on a month-long journey to Biysk, Altai Krai. After that, Jaruzelski walked for 180 kilometres to Turochak where he was responsible for forest cleaning. During his labour work, he was stricken with snow blindness, suffering permanent damage to his eyes as well as to his back.<sup>[2]</sup> His eye condition forced him to wear dark sunglasses most of the time for the rest of his life, which became his trademark.<sup>[5]</sup> Jaruzelski's father died on 4 June 1942 from dysentery; his mother and sister survived the war (his mother died in 1966).
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