Abu Nidal Organization

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The Abu Nidal Organization is a terrorist palestinian group.

Story

Foundation

After the aborted assassination attempt on Yasser Arafat and Mahmoud Abbas, on the October of 1974, Abu Nidal founds the independent Abu Nidal Organisation in Ba'athist Iraq as a result of the Rejectionist Front split in the PLO.

Structure

Committee for Revolutionary Justice

From the 1970s to the 1980s, the ANO created the "Committee for Revolutionary Justice" for torture and kill members of the organization that were accused of disloyalty. One of the torture that they would do was to hanging a man naked, whipping him until he was unconscious, reviving him with cold water and rubbing salt or chili powder into his wounds. Other examples:

• A naked prisoner would be forced into a car tyre with his legs and backside in the air and then whipped, wounded, salted and revived with cold water;
• Member's testicles might be fried in oil or melted plastic dripped onto his skin;
• Prisoners would be tied up in tiny cells. If the cells were full, they might be buried with a pipe in their mouths for air and water and if Abu Nidal wanted them dead, a bullet would be fired down the pipe;

Intelligence Directorate

This committee was created in 1985 for oversee special operations. This committe had 4 subcommittes:

• Committee for Special Missions;
• Foreign Intelligence;
• Committee Counterespionage;
• Lebanon Committee;

The directorate had in total 30–40 people overseas who looked after the ANO's arms caches in various countries. It trained staff, arranged passports and visas and reviewed security at airports and seaports. Members were not allowed to visit each other at home, and no one outside the directorate was supposed to know who was a member.

Committee for Special Missions

This committe was formed in 1982 and its purpose was to choose the targets.

Ideology

The ANO is an Anti-Zionistic organization, this means that they oppose the State of Israel and its policies (this should obvious, since this group is of Palestinian origins) and oppose any form of compromise or negotiation with Israel. It is also an palestinian nationalist organization and a secularist, wich means that they base the relationships with other peopla on a naturalistic consideration and are neutral to the religion or irreligion of the person.

Villainy

• ANO had hijacked a British Airways Vickers VC-10 to go to go Tunis (the original place of landing was Dubai). In the process, they killed one passenger. Then, the hijackers flyed to Lybia.
• They attacked and took eover of the Semiramis Hotel, Damascus, Syria.
• They attacked the Syrian embassies in Islamabad, Pakistan, and Rome, Italy.
• ANO fighters stormed the Intercontinental Hotel in Amman, Jordan, taking several hostages. Later, the hotel was stormed by Jordanaian security forces and three gunmen, two soldiers and two civilians were killed.
• ANO fighters shot and wounded Syrian foreign minister Abdul Halim Khaddam on his car in Damascus.
• ANO foiled an attack on the Syrian embassy in Istanbul.
• ANO attempted to kill Khaddam at Abu Dhabi Airport, during which the foreign minister of the United Arab Emirates Saif Ghobash was killed by accident.
• ANO assassinated the director of the Institut du Monde Arabe in Paris.
• ANO killed Said Hammami, PLO representative in London, in Great Britain.
• ANO killed Egyptian journalist Youssef al-Seba'i whilst acting as president of the Conference of the Organization for the Solidarity with the Peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America.
• ANO killed the PLO representative in Brussels, Belgium.
• ANO killed of Ali Yassin, PLO representative in Kuwait.
• ANO killed Izz al-Din al-Kalak, PLO representative along with an assistant to Paris, France.
• ANO attacked PLO offices in Islamabad, Pakistan.
• ANO killed two PLO representatives, one in Rome and one in Madrid.

• ANO killed Yussouf Mubarak, director of the Palestinian library-shop, in Paris, France.
• In Budapest, ANO fighters thrown a grenade into a car in which Abu Daoud and Abu Iyad, two high-ranking members of Fatah (and the PLO), are sitting. Both of them survive.
• ANO carried out 2 hand grenades and had carried Abu Nidal operative Said Al Nasr on group of Jewish children waiting with their families for a summer camp bus in Antwerp, Belgium. (Killing one 15-year-old bystander and seriously wounding 8).

• ANO kidnapped Hisham Muheissen, the Jordanian charge d'affairs in Beirut and killed three of his bodyguards. Mulheissen was released unharmed 67 days later.
• ANO killed councilman Heinz Nittel in Vienna, Austria.
• ANO killed of Naim Khader, the PLO's representative in Belgium.
• ANO fighters shot multiple times Fatah chief Abu Daoud in the Victoria Intercontinental Hotel in Warsaw, Poland, but survived. He later claimed the attempted assassination was carried out by a Palestinian double agent recruited by the Mossad. According to Polish sources, the suspected perpetrator was a person known as Daher Hussein. Samir Hassan Najmadeen, who was Abu Nidal's "accountant", was suspected of taking part in the operation.
• A series of bombings damaged several French banks and businesses, the Air France office and the Saudi Arabian embassy in Beirut, but no one is seriously hurt.
• Two ANO fighters attacked a Vienna synagogue with machine guns. Two civilians were killed and 23 wounded, including 3 policemen.
• ANO killed the French ambassador to Lebanon, Louis Delamare, in a Beirut street.
• ANO thrown grenades in shipping offices in Limassol and Greek Cypriots are injured.
• ANO killed the PLO PLO officer Majed Abu Sharar by a bomb hidden in his hotel room in Rome, Italy.
• A kidnap attempt on a Saudi Arabian diplomat is foiled in Beirut.

• ANO attempted to kill of Shlomo Argov, Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom in London.
• ANO killed Kuwaiti diplomat outside his home in New Delhi, India.
• ANO killed Jordanian diplomat and seriously injured another in an attack on an Athens street in Greece.
• ANO makes a gun and grenade attack on Goldenberg Restaurant in Jewish quarter of Paris, France, and leaves six dead, 22 wounded.
• Two failed assassination attempts – on the United Arab Emirates consul in Bombay and a Kuwaiti diplomat in Karachi, Pakistan.
• ANO killed PLO official in Madrid, Spain.
• ANO killed Kuwaiti diplomat Najeed Sayed al-Rafaia in Madrid, Spain when he was mistaken for the ambassador.
• ANO wounded four people when the Great Synagogue of Brussels is attacked in a "shoot and run" incident.
• Five elegantly dressed attackers threw at least three hand grenades and sprayed a crowd of people with submachine fire, as they were leaving the central synagogue in Rome, Italy. A 2-year-old toddler (Stefano Gaj Taché) was killed in the attack, and 37 people were injured.

• ANO killed a PLO dove and Arafat aide Issam Sartawi at the Socialist International conference in Albufeira, Portugal.
• ANO attacked a Jordanian ambassador to Italy, in Rome, who survives.
• ANO hijacked a French aircraft from Vienna, Austria and taken to Tehran. No one was hurt in the incident.
• Bombing of Gulf Air Flight 771. 117 people killed.
• ANO shot six times Jordanian ambassador to India in an ambush in New Delhi, but survived his injuries.
• ANO shot and wounded Jordanian ambassador to Italy, Taysir AlaEddin Toukan, along with his driver during an ambush by two gunmen in Rome. Both men survived.
• ANO attacked the Jordanian embassy in Athens, Greece. A guard is killed.
• ANO put a bomb outside a Marks and Spencers department store in London, England, which injured Two people.

• ANO killed three Jordanian ambassadors, one in India, one in Spain and one in Italy.
• ANO killed the United Arab Emirates' ambassador to France, Khalifa Al Mubarak, on a Paris street.
• ANO killed threepeople and injured nine in the bombing of a civilian bus in Ashdod, Israel.
• In Amman, a bomb was found and removed at the Intercontinental Hotel, coinciding with the visit of Queen Elizabeth II to Jordan.
• ANO killed British Cultural Attache and British Council representative Kenneth Whitty on an Athens street in Greece by a single gunman.
• ANO wounded 48 people are with a machine gun attack on a crowded shopping mall in Jerusalem, Israel.
• Bomb explodes in an Athens restaurant, no one is hurt.
• AMO attempted to kill an Israeli diplomat in Cairo, Egypt.
• ANO made a car bomb to exploded in the Israeli embassy car park in Nicosia, Cyprus. One person was hurt
• ANO killed an Israeli intelligence agent with four other people in an ambush on a Beirut street.
• ANO attempted to kill a senior UAE diplomat in Rome, Italy, and leaves him in a coma and a woman bystander dies.
• An unidentified gunman shot and killed Percy Norris, British Deputy High Commissioner in Bombay, India, as he drove through traffic.
• ANO bombed British Airways' offices in Beirut, Lebanon.
• ANO attempted to kill Jordanian diplomat in Greece.
• ANO killed a Jordanian diplomat in Bucharest, Romania.
• ANO bombed the home of veteran Fatah and PLO leader Hani al-Hassan (a.k.a. Abu Tariq, Abu al-Hassan), in Amman, Jordan.
• ANO killed former Hebron mayor and West Bank moderate Fahd Qawasma in Amman, Jordan.

• ANO kidnapped British journalist Alec Collett, working for the UN, in Beirut, Lebanon along with an Austrian who was soon released. On 23 April 1986, he was hanged in revenge for Operation El Dorado Canyon.
• ANO attacked the resort hotel in Athens, Greece. 13 people were wounded.
• ANO bombed the Royal Jordanian Airlines (ALIA) offices in Rome, Athens and Nicosia.
• ANO made a rocket attack on ALIA airliner taking off from Athens Airport. No casualties.
• ANO made a rocket attack against Jordanian embassy in Italy.
• ANO attempted to kill a Kuwaiti newspaper editor believed to be soft on Israel failed.
• ANO bombed the Frankfurt Airport in an attack that killed 3 people, including two children, and wounded 74.
• ANO bombed the British Airways office in Madrid, Spain. One person was killed, 27 wounded. Near simultaneous attack on ALIA offices nearby, with two wounded.
• ANO killed eleven people and injured 90 with two large bomb explosions in cafés in Kuwait City. Amongst the dead was the target of the bombings, the head of Kuwait's investigative branch of the police.
• ANO hijacked a yacht carrying French and Belgian Jews off the Gaza Strip and sailed to Libya with eight civilian hostages. These people are then used as "bargaining chips" in Libyan dealings with France, and Abu Nidal dealing with Belgium, until they are all released in 1990. Abu Nidal takes responsibility for this act in November 1987.
• Failed bombing of the US embassy in Egypt.
• ANO destroyed a Kuwati Airlines office in Beirut. No one was hurt.
• ANO killed Jordanian diplomat Zayed Sati in Istanbul, Turkey.
• ANO thrown grenades into a popular tourist attraction, the Cafe de Paris in Rome, Italy, wounding 38 people.
• ANO hijacked EgyptAir Flight 648 at Malta. Resolved after Egyptian commandos stormed the plane, slaying 1 of the 3 hijackers, one of which had been killed in an in-flight shootout with a sky marshal, although 58 of the 91 passengers died.
• ANO put a bomb that exploded and injured eleven people in a residential building in Jerusalem.
• ANO killed two Palestinians in Jordan by ANO because they were apparently associated with Yasser Arafat.
• A gunman held hostage various people in a courtroom in Nantes, France for several hours in a symbolic protest. No one was hurt.
• ANO attacked Israeli El Al airport counters in Rome and Vienna. 18 dead, 111 wounded.

• ANO kidnapped two professors working in Beirut, Leigh Douglas, British and Philip Padfield, American,. Both were executed on the 17th April in a reprisal for Operation El Dorado Canyon.
• ANO killed four people in the bombing of TWA Flight 840 over Corfu.
• ANO kidnapped british journalist John McCarthy in Beirut in response to Operation El Dorado Canyon. He was released in 1991.
• ANO abducted and murdered british tourist Paul Appelby in Jerusalem.
• ANO made six bombs attacks in Saudi Airlines and Pan Am offices in Karachi, Pakistan that killed one person and injured five.
• A rocket attack on the Iraqi embassy in Vienna, Austria was foiled.
• ANO hijacked the Pan Am Flight 73 in Karaci in which killed 19 people.
• Gunmen stormed the Neve Shalom synagogue in Istanbul, Turkey during the Sabbath. They shot 22 people and set fire to the building before being killed in the (possibly deliberate) detonation of a grenade.
• ANO kidnapped Syrian executive of the International Lions Club, Victor Kano, in Beirut, but later released unharmed.
• ANO shooted rockets to hit the Romanian embassies in Bahrain and Lebanon in protest at the Romanian support for the peace process. No one was hurt.

• ANO non-fatally stabbed two Israeli youths in Jerusalem, after stumbling upon some ANO operatives by accident.
• ANO abducted two Palestinian men and hanged them in Turkey on unproven "charges" of being Jordanian secret agents.

• Car bomb outside the Israeli embassy in Cyprus. Three dead.
• ANO kdnapped two Scandinavian aid workers in Beirut and released a month later.
• A man fired on a bus in Bombay, India, which was carrying an Alitalia flight crew. One person wounded. Two days later, grenades were discovered and removed from the Saudi Arabian consulate in the city.
• Simultaneous gun and grenade attacks on the Acropole Hotel and the Sudan Club in Khartoum aimed at Western diplomats and their families. Four Britons, three Americans and two Sudanese killed and 21 people wounded.
• A large truck bomb explodes close to the Israeli embassy in Nicosia, Cyprus. The driver is one of the three people killed, apparently when an accomplice remotely detonated the device early. 19 people were injured.
• A car bomb explodes prematurely at a pier in Athens, killing two ANO members. This is followed by an attack on the cruise ship "City of Poros", which leaves nine dead and 98 wounded.
• 25 people are injured in a hand grenade explosion at a shopping centre in Haifa, Israel.
• ANO kidnapped a Swiss Red Cross worker in Sidon, Lebanon, and held for a month before being released unharmed.

• ANO killed Saudi diplomat, Salah Al-Maliki and injured another man near the embassy in Bangkok, Thailand
• ANO killed two Muslim clerics that had opposed to the Salman Rushdie fatwah in a mosque in Brussels, Belgium.
• ANO killed dr. Joseph Wybran, a Belgian Jew and peace activist in Brussels.
• ANO kidnapped two Swiss Red Cross workers in Beirut. Both were released unharmed in August 1990.

• ANO wounded seriously a prominent member of the Israeli community in an assassination attempt in Lima, Peru.

• ANO killed Abu Iyad, a top-ranking Fatah leader, who was Arafat's closest aide and the PLO's second-in-command, in Tunis. Also, they killed the PLO Western (Israel) Sector commander Abu Hul and one of their bodyguards.
• ANO send a rocket to struck the US Embassy compound in Beirut. No one was hurt.

• ANO killed the PLO officer Atef Bseiso in Paris. ANO claimed credit, but PLO statement accused Mossad.
• ANO killed four PLO fighters in a co-ordinated ambush in Sidon, Lebanon.

• ANO killed a PLO official in Sidon, Lebanon.

• ANO killed Naeb Imran Maaytah, Jordanian diplomat, on a Beirut street. Jordanian authorities hinted that the ANO conducted this attack on behalf of Libya.

• ANO killed two ANO/Fatah-RC members in Lebanon over accusations of embezzlement.