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Alexandre de Moraes (born 13 September 1968), also known as Xandão, is one of the eleven current justices of Brazil's Supreme Federal Court.[1] He is known for his authoritarian censorship of what he calls "fake news", an act that he claims to perform in the name of democracy but that many others see as political persecution. Moraes has ordered a magazine to take down an article criticizing a fellow court member,[2][3] sent Brazil's Federal Police to investigate pró-Bolsonaro businesspeople and influencers with search warrants,[4] and forced the software Telegram to comply with his demands under the threat of taking it down nationally.[5] He was also involved in many processes related to the defence of Transcooper, a company allegedly linked to Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC), a major criminal gang in Brazil,[6] not to mention the accusations of plagiarism in his books.[7][8] His term expires in 2043.
He was a member of the PSDB (Brazilian Social Democracy Party) from 2015 to 2017.
Life and career edit
Moraes was born on 13 September 1968 in São Paulo, the largest and wealthiest city in Brazil. His parents are Leon Lima de Moraes and Glaucia de Almeida Moraes. He is married to Viviane Barci de Moraes and has three children, Gabriela, Giuliana and Alexandre. He is a Roman Catholic.[9]
Moraes studied law at the University of São Paulo (USP), the most prestigious in the country, where he graduated in 1990, aged 21 or 22. In 1997, he began giving preparatory courses for civil service examinations and authored his first book, Direito Constitucional ("Constitutional Right"), now considered a best-seller with, according to Moraes himself, over 500,000 copies sold as of 2009.[10]
In 2000, he wrote his doctoral thesis, Jurisdição constitucional e tribunais constitucionais - garantia suprema da Constituição ("Constitutional jurisdiction and constitutional courts - supreme guarantee of the Constitution"), under the guidance of Professor Dalmo Dallari.[11] He began teaching at USP the following year, after writing another thesis, Teoria geral do direito constitucional administrativo - perfil constitucional da administração pública ("General theory of administrative constitutional right - constitutional profile of public administration").[12]
In 2002, he was appointed Secretary of Justice of his state under the administration of Geraldo Alckmin, a post that he exercised until 2005, when he became a member of the National Justice Council.[13] In 2007, he left the Council and became Secretary of Transportation of the city of São Paulo, under the administration of mayor Gilberto Kassab.
In 2010, he founded his own office, where he worked as a laywer until late 2014, when he was appointed Secretary of Public Security in São Paulo, again by Geraldo Alckmin.[13] He exercised the post until May 2016, when president-in-exercise Michel Temer appointed him as the federal Minister of Justice and Public Security. Finally, in March 2017, Temer, now president, appointed Moraes as Justice of the Supreme Federal Court to succeed minister Teori Zavascki, who had died on 19 January 2017 in a plane crash.[14]
As Justice of the Supreme Court edit
to be written
References edit
- ↑ Temer indica ministro Alexandre de Moraes para vaga de Teori no STF. G1. 6 February 2017. In Portuguese.
- ↑ O amigo do amigo de meu pai': publicamos a reportagem da Crusoé que o STF censurou. The Intercept. 16 April 2019. In Portuguese.
- ↑ 'Não houve mordaça nem censura', diz Toffoli sobre tirar reportagem do ar. Correio Braziliense. 19 April 2019. In Portuguese.
- ↑ Polícia Federal faz buscas em endereços de Roberto Jefferson, Luciano Hang e blogueiros. G1. 27 May 2020. In Portuguese.
- ↑ Brazil's Supreme Court suspends Telegram, a key Bolsonaro platform. Reuters. 19 March 2022.
- ↑ Cunha, PCC e repressão policial: o passado polêmico de Alexandre de Moraes, novo ministro da Justiça e Cidadania. 12 May 2016. Extra. In Portuguese. Archive.
- ↑ Obra de Alexandre de Moraes tem trechos copiados de livro espanhol. Folha de S.Paulo. 9 February 2017. In Portuguese.
- ↑ Docente da UFMG acusa Alexandre de Moraes de plágio Jornalistas Livres. 2 August 2017. In Portuguese.
- ↑ Brésil : Le juge Alexandre de Moraes, bête noire de Bolsonaro. Le Monde. 15 October 2021. In French.
- ↑ Planos para frear os congestionamento VEJA São Paulo. 18 September 2009. In Portuguese.
- ↑ Jurisdição constitucional e tribunais constitucionais: garantia suprema da Constituição. Alexandre de Moraes. 2000. In Portuguese.
- ↑ Alexandre de Moraes CPDOC - Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil. In Portuguese.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Senado aprova Alexandre de Moraes para vaga de Teori no Supremo Tribunal Federal. G1. 22 February 2017. In Portuguese.
- ↑ Alexandre de Moraes toma posse no próximo dia 22 de março, informa STF. Renan Ramalho, G1. 22 February 2017. In Portuguese.