The persecution of Christians known as Christophobia (or Anti-Christian) can be historically traced from the first century of the Christian era to the present day. Early Christians were persecuted for their faith at the hands of both the Jews from whose religion Christianity arose and the Romans who controlled many of the lands across which early Christianity was spread. Early in the fourth century, a form of the religion was legalized by the Edict of Milan, and it eventually became the State church of the Roman Empire.
Christian missionaries as well as converts to Christianity have been the target of persecution ever since the emergence of Christianity, sometimes to the point of being martyred for their faith.
The schisms of the Middle Ages and especially the Protestant Reformation, sometimes provoked severe conflicts between Christian denominations to the point of persecuting each other.
In the 20th century, Christians were persecuted by various governments including the Islamic Ottoman Empire in the form of the Armenian Genocide, the Assyrian Genocide and the Greek Genocide, as well as by atheistic states such as the Soviet Union, Communist Albania and North Korea.
Known Anti-Christians:
Communists
- Vladimir Lenin
- Joseph Stalin
- Mao Zedong
- Pol Pot
- Kim Il-sung
- Kim Jong-il
- Kim Jong-un
- Che Guevara
- League of Militant Atheists
- Khmer Rouge
- Jim Jones
- Enver Hoxha
Atheists
- Craig Stephen Hicks
- Devin Patrick Kelley
- Pekka-Eric Auvinen
- Christopher Harper-Mercer
- Matthew Murray
Islamists
- Osama Bin Laden
- Ayman al-Zawahiri
- Anwar al-Awlaki
- Anjem Choudary
- Abu Bakr al-Baghadi
- Abdolmalek Rigi
- Al-Qaeda
- Al-Shabaab
- The Islamic State
- Boko Haram
- Abu Sayyaf
- Maute group
- Moro Islamic Liberation Front
- National Thowheeth Jama'ath