Emílio Garrastazu Médici: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 18:47, 7 May 2020
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Emílio Garrastazu Médici (December 4, 1905 – October 9, 1985) was a Brazilian military official and politician who served as President of Brazil from 1969-1974. Prior to his presidency he served as the head of Brazil's National Intelligence Service.
His regime is widely considered to be the most brutal and extreme of the Brazilian military governments of 1964-1985 with his regime infamous for numerous human rights violations, widespread torture, censorship of men’s magazines such as Playboy, Penthouse, Lui, as well as regular magazines such as then West German magazine Der Spiegel, and executions of opponents.
Nevertheless, Médici was popular, as his term was met with the largest economic growth of any Brazilian President, the Brazilian Miracle unfolded, authored jointly by his liberal ministers ahead of the Ministério do Planejamento and Ministério da Fazenda (planning and finances) Roberto Campos and Delfim Netto, and the country won the 1970 Football World Cup. In 1971 Médici presented the First National Development Plan aimed at increasing the rate of economic growth especially in the remote Northeast and Amazon basin.
According to a declassified U.S. Department of State memo released in 2008, Médici met with U.S. President Richard Nixon and National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger, who were making efforts to over Chilean President Salvador Allende, a socialist, Nixon reportedly asked if the Chilean armed forces were capable of overthrowing Allende. Médici, who a staunch enemy of communism, expressed his belief that they could and also stated that Brazil "was working towards this end." This could suggest that Médici had a hand in Augusto Pinochet's coup d'etat (which was backed by the United States) that deposed Allende, likely as a part of Operation Condor. However, it is unknown if this is indeed the case.
Like most of Brazil’s military dictators, he has received widespread praise from current Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro.