Mass shooting
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A mass shooting is an incident involving multiple victims of firearms-related violence. The United States'
acknowledges that there is not a broadly accepted definition, and defines a "public mass shooting" as one in which four or more people selected indiscriminately, not including the perpetrator, are killed or injured, echoing the FBI definition of the term "Going Postal". However, according to the Investigative Assistance for Violent Crimes Act of 2012, signed into law on Jan 2013, a mass shooting is defined as a shooting resulting in at least 3 victims, excluding the perpetrator. Another unofficial definition of a mass shooting is an event involving the shooting (not necessarily resulting in death) of five or more people (sometimes four) with no cooling-off period. A sub-type of a mass shooting is a school shooting, which is a mass shooting that takes place on a school or college campus and makes up a majority of mass shootings.
A mass shooting may be committed by individuals or organizations in public or non-public places. in recent
times have used the tactic of mass shootings to fulfill their political aims. Individuals who commit mass shootings may fall into any of a number of categories, including killer of family, of coworkers , of students , and of random strangers. Individuals' motives for shooting vary.
Responses to mass shootings take a variety of forms, depending on the context: number of casualties, the country and political climate, among other factors. The news media and other types of media cover mass shootings extensively, and, often, sensationally, and the effect of that coverage has been examined. Countries such as the United Kingdom and Australia have changed their gun laws in the wake of mass shootings. In contrast, the United States' constitution prohibits laws which disallow firearm ownership outright. There are more mass shootings and more guns in the United States than any other nation in the world, and about half of the world's mass shootings occur in the U.S., which averages one mass shooting a day (using the definition of four people injured) and owns about half of the world's guns.
Examples
| Perpetrator(s) | Place | Type of Massacre | Date | Location | Fatalities | Injuries | Suicide |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patrick Sherrill | Edmond Post Office | Workplace | August 20, 1986 | Edmond, Oklahoma | 15 | 6 | Y |
| Omar Mateen | Pulse Nightclub | Domestic Terrorism | June 12, 2016 | Orlando, Florida | 50 | 53 | N |
| Stephen Paddock | Route 91 Harvest Festival | Festival Massacre | October 1, 2017 | Las Vegas, Nevada | 59 | 851 | Y |
| James Oliver Huberty | McDonald's | Restaurant Shooting | July 18, 1984 | San Diego, California | 22 | 19 | N |
| George Hennard | Luby's Cafeteria | Hate Crime | October 16, 1991 | Killeen, Texas | 24 | 20 | Y |
| Devin Patrick Kelley | First Baptist Church | Hate Crime | November 5, 2017 | Sutherland Springs, Texas | 27 | 20 | Y |
| Aaron Alexis | Washington Navy Yard | Army Base | September 16, 2013 | Washington D.C., USA | 13 | 8 | N |
| Nidal Malik Hassan | Fort Hood Navy Base | Army Base | November 9, 2009 | Fort Hood, Texas | 13 | 30 | N |
| Robert Bowers | Tree of Life Synagogue | Hate Crime | October 27, 2018 | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | 11 | 7 | N |
| Dylann Roof | Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church | Hate Crime | June 17, 2015 | Charleston, South Carolina | 9 | 1 | N |
| Randy Stair | Weis Markets Supermarket | Workplace | June 8, 2017 | Eaton Township, Pennsylvania | 3 | 0 | Y |
| DeWayne Craddock | Virginia Beach Municipal Center | Workplace | May 31, 2019 | Virginia Beach, Virginia | 12 | 5 | N |
| Jared Lee Loughner | Safeway Supermarket | Political Terrorism | January 8, 2011 | Tucson, Arizona | 6 | 13 | N |
| David Katz | Jacksonville Landing | Festival Massacre | August 26, 2018 | Jacksonville, Florida | 2 | 11 | Y |
| Martin Bryant | Port Arthur | Spree Shooting | April 28-29, 1996 | Port Arthur, Tasmania, Australia | 35 | 24 | N |
| Ian David Long | Borderline Bar and Grill | Nightclub Attack | November 7, 2018 | Thousand Oaks, California | 13 | 10 | Y |
| Patrick Crusius | Walmart Supercenter | Hate Crime | August 3, 2019 | El Paso, Texas | 22 | 24 | N |
| Brenton Tarrant | Al Noor Mosque & Linwood Islamic Center | Hate Crime | March 15, 2019 | Christchurch, New Zealand | 51 | 49 | N |
| Baruch Goldstein | Cave of the Patriarchs | Religious Terrorism | February 25, 1994 | Hebron, West Bank | 30 | 125 | N |
| James Holmes | Century 16 Movie Theater | Movie Theater Shooting | July 20, 2012 | Aurora, Colorado | 12 | 70 | N |
| Anders Behring Breivik | Regjeringskvartalet & AUF Youth Camp | Political Terrorism | July 22, 2011 | Oslo. Norway | 77 | 319 | N |
| Derrick Bird | Various locations | Spree Shooting | June 2, 2010 | Cumbria, England | 13 | 11 | Y |
| Alexandre Bissonnette | Islamic Cultural Centre of Quebec City | Hate Crime | January 29, 2017 | Quebec City, Quebec, Canada | 6 | 19 | N |
| Howard Unruh | River Road | Spree Shooting | September 6, 1949 | Camden, New Jersey | 13 | 3 | N |
| Wade Michael Page | Sikh Temple of Wisconsin | Hate Crime | August 5, 2012 | Oak Creek, Wisconsin | 7 | 4 | Y |