Osama bin Laden
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“ | I am not afraid of the American threats against me. As long as I am alive there will be no rest for the enemies of Islam. I will continue my mission against them. | „ |
~ Osama bin Laden |
Osama bin Laden (born Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden; March 10, 1957 – May 2, 2011) was a Saudi-born Militant Islamist terrorist leader who was one of the founders and leaders of Al-Qaeda. He is best known for being the mastermind behind the infamous and tragic September 11 attacks - which resulted in one of the largest losses of civilian life during peacetime on American soil.[1] He had also been responsible for the creation of a vast international terrorist network that champions jihad and the destruction of Western democracy in favor of Islamic law.
On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed by Navy SEALs in his compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, and was buried at sea. After President Obama had made the announcement, U.S. citizens gathered around the White House and celebrated Osama's death. Afterward, sometime in June 2011, al-Qaeda announced that Ayman al-Zawahiri was elected as the new leader; plus, they vowed to get revenge on the United States to avenge Osama bin Laden.[2]
History edit
Early life and career edit
Bin Laden was born Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden as a Saudi Arabian in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia on March 10, 1957, to Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden and Hamida al-Attas, according to a 1998 interview on Al Jazeera. He was of Yemeni descent on his father's side and Syrian descent on his mother's side.
After Osama was born, Mohammed and Hamida divorced, and Hamida was recommended to Mohammed al-Attas. During the late 1950s or early 1960, Hamid married al-Attas, and today, they are still together.
In 1967 when Osama was 10 years old, Mohammed died in an airplane accident. From 1968 to 1976, Osama attended Al-Thager Model School, a secondary school in Jeddah. He married Najwa Ghanem, a Syrian who was his cousin in 1974, the first of his 5 wives. From 1979 to 1981, bin Laden attended King Abdulaziz University, where he studied economics and business administration. During the Soviet-Afghan War, he fought against the communist government, joining the mujaheddin.[3]
He was mentored by Palestinian scholar and militiant Abdullah Yusuf Azzam. They established the Maktab al-Khidamat to raise funds and recruit foreign mujaheddin. The MAK remained close to the Pakistani ISI and the Saudi intelligence agency, Al Mukhabarat Al A'Amah funneled money through it. The MAK also remained close with the Peshawar Seven, an alliance of Afghan mujaheddin parties.[4]
After the Soviet Union withdrew from Afghanistan in 1989, bin Laden returned to Saudi Arabia with a hero's welcome. However, he would often engage in opposition movements against the Saudi government while working for his family's business. After the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait put the Saudi ruling family in jeopardy, Bin Laden advised King Fahd and Defense Minister Sultan to not cooperate with the United States, preferring to defend the kingdom through Muslim help, arguing that the holy cities of Mecca and Medina should only be defended by Muslims. His remarks were rebuffed, with the Saudi government attempting to silence him. He was eventually expelled from Saudi Arabia and moved to Afghanistan and then to Sudan, where he was sheltered personally by President Omar al-Bashir.[3]
Villainy edit
Bin Laden had been in hiding for years and there had been doubts as to whether or not the mastermind was even still alive - but every now and then, Osama released a videotape of himself trying to intimidate the Western world with threats of further violence: Because of the nature of Islamic fundamentalism, it is argued that bin Laden and his followers were amongst the most dangerous terrorists in modern-times.
However, unlike many of his followers, bin Laden hadn't shown himself to be fanatical enough to risk his own life; in fact, he had gone to great lengths to ensure his own survival, despite encouraging others to commit suicide bombings and other atrocities in defense of his cause. After escaping Afghanistan during the Battle of Tora Bora, he fled to neighboring Pakistan. When his compound was finally discovered, he used one of his own wives as a human shield and was gunned down attempting to flee and save his own life.
Bin Laden was a strong believer in Sharia law and believed that all other ideologies must be opposed violently and without mercy - he also believed that civilians (even women and children) are legitimate targets in his war against the unbeliever, he often viewed America and Israel as imperialistic nations that must be destroyed or convinced into merging with Islam, he had often urged America and the Western world, in general, to abandon such vices as music, sex, and liberalism: He was also anti-semitic and believed that Jews are a dangerous enemy of Islam and must be treated as such.[5][6]
Osama's violent criticism of the world was not limited to the Western world as he also believed almost all current Muslim nations had failed in their responsibilities as Muslim nations, he once believed that the Taliban-controlled Afghanistan was the only true Muslim nation in the world.
In 2010, bin Laden threatened in a new audio message with killing French citizens in retaliation for France's support for the United States in the War in Afghanistan and because the European country will ban women from the use of the Muslim veil.[7]
Death edit
Over time, bin Laden settled into a compound near Abbottabad, Pakistan. Eventually, the Americans learned of bin Laden's whereabouts, and a strike team was assembled to go after him.[8]
The CIA launched a mission, "Operation Neptune Spear", where United States Special Operation forces raided bin Laden's hideout compound.[9] At around 01:00 Pakistan Standard Time, 2 May 2011 (UTC 20:00, 1 May), bin Laden was killed by bullets to the chest and head. DNA confirmed that it was his body. Additionally, photographs were taken of the body to confirm that it was Osama to senior officials, these photographs were not released to the public in order to keep from inflaming sentiment against the US. In order to keep bin Laden's burial site from becoming a place of pilgrimage for extremists, bin Laden was buried at sea within a few hours of his death.[2]
Videos edit
Trivia edit
- Osama bin Laden and September 11 attacks were responsible for various media being recalled and/or banned.
- The Pokémon episodes "The Tower of Terror" (due to the title) and "Tentacool and Tentacruel" (due to Tentacruel smashing a skyscraper), though it was included in the Season 2 DVD release while the ban on the Pokémon episodes were eventually lifted. The episode "A Scare in the Air" was temporarily renamed to "Spirits in the Sky" due to the title too.
- The 29th episode of The Amanda Show due to the Lucklesses' house being hit by a meteor.
- Grand Theft Auto III is set in Liberty City, which was inspired by New York City. It was set to be released in 2001, but the release was delayed, and the developers removed destructible planes, the counterpart of the World Trade Center, and changed the color schemes of police outfits and cars. The overall graphic violence was also toned down (although it still is quite violent).
- The 2001 video game: Spider-Man 2: Enter Electro had cutscenes of a plane exploding as well as a scene during the final showdown with Electro where Spider-Man says the line: "Where would you go to be on the top of the world?" after finding the former on the Twin Towers. Speaking of the Twin Towers, that’s where the boss fight just so happened to take place on. After the 9/11 terrorist attack, the game would be re-released with said cutscenes being edited out of the game and the Twin Towers would be replaced with one singular tower for the boss fight.
- Many radio stations made a lists of songs with "morally questionable lyrics", with some songs being outright banned.
- His full name Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden means "Osama, son of Mohammed, son of Awad, son of Laden".
- It was believed that Osama really liked playing video games and watching movies and shows such as Bible Black, Antz, Cars, Chicken Little and Tom & Jerry. It was stated that he had quite a few hobbies while in exile.
- Osama Bin Laden was said to have had an obsession with pop singer Whitney Houston, and allegedly even wanted to kidnap her.[10]
- One of his sons, Omar bin Laden denounced his father's activities and accused him of beating him for smiling too widely.
- Bin Laden was surprisingly advocated for action against climate change, and criticized the United States for not joining the Kyoto Protocol, even writing a letter regarding this.[11]
References edit
- ↑ Osama Bin Laden: Profile of a Terror Leader, ABC News
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Al-Qaida Confirms Bin Laden's Death; Vows To Continue Attacks, NPR
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Who Is Bin Laden? - Chronology - Hunting for bin Laden, PBS Frontline
- ↑ Osama bin Laden, Federal Bureau of Investigation
- ↑ In final days, Bin Laden urged followers to kill Jews, The Times of Israel
- ↑ OSAMA BIN LADEN: ANTI-SEMITIC CONSPIRACY THEORIST, The Foundation for Defense of Democracies
- ↑ Analysis - Bin Laden, burqa ban put France in Qaeda crosshairs, Reuters
- ↑ The Last Days of Osama bin Laden, The Wall Street Journal
- ↑ Operation Neptune Spear, 9/11 Memorial & Museum
- ↑ Whitney Houston and Osama Bin Laden: The Little-Known Connection, Reuters
- ↑ Bin Laden called for Americans to rise up over climate change, Reuters