Editing Robert Bowers

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{{Mature}}
{{Villain_Infobox
|image = Robert_Bowers.jpg
|fullname = Robert Gregory Bowers
|alias = Bob<br>Babs<br>Uncle Babs
|occupation = Truck driver
|origin = Florida, United States
|skills = Knowledge of guns<br>Expert in electronics
|type of villain = Anti-Semitic Mass Shooter
|crimes = [[Mass murder]]<br>[[Racism]]<br>[[Anti-Semitism]]<br>[[Hate Speech]]<br>[[Hate crime]]s<br>[[Terrorism]]<br>[[Xenophobia]]<br>[[Misogyny]]
|goals = Kill as many Jews as he can (partially successful)
|hobby = Making racist posts on Gab}}
{{Quote|All Jews must die!|Bowers during the shooting.}}
'''Robert Gregory Bowers''' (September 4<sup>th</sup>, 1972 - ) is an American [[White Supremacy|white supremacist]] and mass murderer who committed a [[Mass Shooting|mass shooting]] at the Tree of Life synagogue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on October 27<sup>th</sup>, 2018. Eleven people were killed and seven were injured. The shooting is considered to be the deadliest attack on the United States' Jewish community in modern American history.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2018/10/28/victims-expected-be-named-after-killed-deadliest-attack-jews-us-history/ Victims expected to be named after deadliest attack on Jews in US history], ''The Washington Post''</ref>

The full extent of the criminal charges against Bowers are still pending. He has been found guilty of 63 Federal hate crime charges<ref>[https://www.wtae.com/article/robert-bowers-pittsburgh-synagogue-shooting-verdict/44208579 Robert Bowers found guilty in Pittsburgh synagogue shooting trial], ''WTAE 4''</ref> but still awaits trial on 36 state charges of murder, attempted murder, ethnic intimidation and aggravated assault with a firearm.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/31/us/synagogue-shooting-charges-robert-bowers.html Robert Bowers Indicted on 44 Counts After Synagogue Shooting in Pittsburgh], ''The New York Times''</ref>

==Background==
===Childhood and high school years===
Bowers reportedly had a very turbulent childhood. His parents divorced when he only a year old and his father committed suicide when he was six. His mother got remarried to a Florida man when he was a toddler, and he lived with them in Florida until they separated a year after their marriage. Upon returning to Pennsylvania, Robert and his mother lived with his mother's parents in Whitehall. His grandparents took responsibility for raising him, because his mother suffered from health problems. Bowers attended Baldwin High School in the Baldwin-Whitehall School District from August 1986 to November 1989. He then dropped out of high school and worked as a trucker.

Little is known of his life between the time he dropped out of high school and the period before and during the time he committed the shooting, so it can be assumed that he kept a low profile. Neighbors described Bowers as "a ghost" and said he rarely interacted with others.

===Political and religious beliefs===
Bowers' political and religious beliefs played a large role in the massacre. He was staunchly and fanatically conservative and was a fierce white nationalist, and was also involved in the [[Christian Identity]] movement. He was a believer in [[Anti-Semitism|antisemitic]] conspiracy theories and had a profile on Gab, a social media network favored by the far-right.<ref>[https://www.vox.com/identities/2018/10/31/18034256/anti-semitism-pittsburgh-synagogue-shooting-prejudice-right Tree of Life shooting: How the rise of conspiracy theory politics emboldens anti-Semitism], ''Vox''</ref>

His posts on Gab have included many hateful things about Jews, such as "Jews are the children of Satan." He re-shared many Neo-[[Nazi Party|Nazi]] posts and made frequent use of the racial slur "kike", and there is even one recorded use of him saying "Heil [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]]!" Other posts made reference to the [[Fourteen Words]], the [[Great Replacement / White Genocide|Great Replacement]] theory, and [[Holocaust denial]].<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pennsylvania-shooting-suspect/who-is-robert-bowers-the-pittsburgh-synagogue-shooting-suspect-idUSKCN1N10S6 Who is Robert Bowers, the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting suspect?], ''Reuters''</ref> He was also known to attack African-Americans with racial slurs and images related to [[lynching]], and also attacked women who have relationships with black men.<ref>[http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/10/what-we-know-about-robert-bowers-alleged-synagogue-shooter.html What We Know About Robert Bowers, Alleged Pittsburgh Synagogue Shooter], ''New York Magazine''</ref> He also used his online accounts to post conspiracy theories regarding Jewish investor and philanthropist George Soros.<ref>[https://www.thedailybeast.com/robert-bowers-is-neo-nazi-who-posted-about-killing-jews-on-gab?via=desktop&social=Linkedin Pittsburgh Synagogue Suspect Robert Bowers Hated Trump—for Not Hating Jews], ''The Daily Beast''</ref>

Somewhat ironically, Bowers was known to ridicule supporters of [[Donald Trump]] as well as followers of [[QAnon]]. He accused Trump of being a "globalist puppet of the Jews",<ref>[https://www.newsweek.com/who-robert-bowers-suspect-identified-pittsburgh-tree-life-synagogue-shooting-1190440 Who is Robert Bowers? Suspect identified in the Pittsburgh Tree of Life Synagogue shooting], ''Newsweek''</ref> and believed that QAnon adherents were "deluded" and "being tricked."<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/oct/27/pittsburgh-shooting-suspect-antisemitism Pittsburgh shooting: suspect railed against Jews and Muslims on site used by 'alt-right'], ''The Guardian''</ref>

In the weeks before the shooting, Bowers made antisemitic posts directed at the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS) who sponsored National Refugee Shabbat of October 19–20, in which Dor Hadash and Tree of Life participated. He claimed Jews were aiding members of Central American caravans moving towards the United States border and referred to members of those caravans as "invaders".<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2018/10/27/us/pittsburgh-synagogue-active-shooter/index.html Hate crime charges filed in Pittsburgh synagogue shooting that left 11 dead], ''CNN''</ref> Shortly before the attack, in an apparent reference to immigrants to the United States, he posted on Gab that "HIAS likes to bring invaders in that kill our people. I can't sit by and watch my people get slaughtered. Screw your optics, I'm going in."<ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/10/pittsburgh-synagogue-comes-amid-surge-anti-semiticism/574180/ The Synagogue Killings Mark a Surge of Anti-Semitism], ''The Atlantic''</ref>

==The massacre==
At 9:50 AM, shortly after Tree of Life starting their early morning Shabbat service, Bowers entered the synagogue and started shooting. He was armed with a Colt AR-15 semi-automatic rifle (cited by authorities as an "assault rifle") and three Glock .357 SIG semi-automatic pistols, all four of which he fired, according to authorities. The first two fatalities occured here.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pennsylvania-shooting/at-least-four-reported-dead-12-injured-in-shooting-at-pittsburgh-synagogue-idUSKCN1N10J6 Gunman targeting Jews kills 11 in Pittsburgh synagogue], ''Reuters''</ref>

After about 20 minutes, Bowers proceeded to a downstairs area, where another group was participating in a Torah study. Three more fatalities occurred here. After this, Bowers proceeded to the main congregational chamber where the primary Shabbat service was occurring and 13 congregants had gathered. The Rabbi leading the service, Jeffrey Myers, was able to evacuate some of the congregants, but eight stayed behind, with seven ending up being killed and one being wounded.<ref>[https://people.com/crime/worshipers-in-hiding-waiting-for-death-how-the-pittsburgh-synagogue-massacre-unfolded/ Worshipers in Hiding, Waiting for Death: How the Pittsburgh Synagogue Massacre Unfolded], ''PEOPLE''</ref>

At 9:59 AM, police arrived at the synagogue. Bowers fired on police from the entryway, apparently on his way out of the building, and police returned fire, causing him to retreat back into the building. This resulted in a nearly 30-minute standoff, after which tactical teams arrived on scene and fired on Bowers, who fired back. In the exchange of gunfire two SWAT members were also wounded, one critically.<ref>[http://www.post-gazette.com/news/crime-courts/2018/10/28/TIMELINE-20-minutes-of-terror-gripped-Squirrel-Hill-during-Saturday-synagogue-attack/stories/201810280197 Timeline of terror: A moment-by-moment account of Squirrel Hill mass shooting], ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''</ref>

Bowers finally surrendered to police at 11:08 AM after being shot multiple times.<ref>[https://abc7chicago.com/watch-live-pittsburgh-synagogue-shooting-leaves-multiple-casualties-3-officers-injured;-suspect-in-custody/4565140/ Pittsburgh synagogue shooting leaves 8 dead, 4 officers injured; suspect in custody], ''ABC 7''</ref>

== Aftermath ==
Bowers was charged by the US Department of Justice with 29 federal crimes.

Bowers appeared in federal court in Pittsburgh on October 29, to hear the charges against him. His attorney was appointed by the court and Bowers was remanded to the custody of the United States Marshals Service without bail pending further hearings.

On October 31, Bowers was indicted on 44 counts by a federal grand jury. The counts included [[hate crime]]s, 11 counts of obstruction of exercise of religious beliefs resulting in death, 11 counts of use of a firearm to commit murder during a crime of violence, four counts of obstruction of exercise of religious beliefs resulting in bodily injury to a public safety officer, and three counts of use and discharge of a firearm during a crime of violence. On November 1, Bowers entered a plea of not guilty.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pittsburgh-shooting-suspect-robert-bowers-pleads-not-guilty-today-2018-11-01-live-updates/ Pittsburgh gunman pleads not guilty to synagogue massacre charges], ''CBS News''</ref>

On January 29, 2019, the grand jury indicted Bowers on an additional 19 counts, 13 of which were for hate crimes.<ref>[https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2019/01/29/pittsburgh-synagogue-shooting-robert-bowers-face-hate-crimes-charges/2716953002/ Suspected Pittsburgh synagogue shooter will face additional charges of hate crimes], ''USA Today''</ref> On February 11, 2019, Bowers was arraigned in federal court. Bowers is represented by defense attorney Judy Clarke. Federal prosecutors are seeking the death penalty.

Bowers was also charged with 36 state criminal counts, including 11 counts of criminal homicide, 6 counts of aggravated assault, 6 counts of attempted criminal homicide, and 13 counts of ethnic intimidation.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/27/us/active-shooter-pittsburgh-synagogue-shooting.html 11 Killed in Synagogue Massacre; Suspect Charged With 29 Counts], ''The New York Times''</ref>

In September 2019, prosecutors asked U.S. District judge Donetta Ambrose to set a trial date of Sep 14, 2020. On October 31, 2019, Ambrose declined to set a trial date, pending the resolution of outstanding motions. In June 2022 District Judge Robert Colville stated that he anticipated Bowers to go on trial some time between April and June 2023.

Trial proceedings ultimately came on trial for Federal hate crimes in April 2023. The trial lasted until June 16, at which point Bowers was found guilty on all counts. He faces the death penalty.<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/amp/US/pittsburgh-synagogue-mass-shooting-verdict-reached-federal-death/story?id=100104078 Pittsburgh Tree of Life synagogue mass shooter found guilty in federal death penalty trial], ''ABC News''</ref>

== Victims ==
# Joyce Fienberg - February 9, 1943 (75 years)
# Richard Gottfried - January 13, 1953 (65 years)
# Rose Mallinger - March 1, 1921 (97 years)
# Jerry Rabinowitz - November 10, 1952 (65 years)
# Cecil Rosenthal - July 20, 1959 (59 years)
# David Rosenthal - June 12, 1964 (54 years)
# Bernice Simon - August 2, 1934 (84 years)
# Sylvan Simon - June 13, 1932 (86 years)
# Daniel Stein - February 19, 1947 (71 years)
# Melvin Wax - November 23, 1930 (88 years)
# Irvin Younger - July 3, 1949 (69 years)

== Copycat attacks ==
6 months after the shooting, [[John T. Earnest]] attacked a Chabad house(Orthodox synagogue) in Poway, California, killing one before his weapon jammed.

==References==
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