Amerindian Genocide: Difference between revisions
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{{Act of Villainy | {{Act of Villainy | ||
|Image = California skulls.jpg | |Image = California skulls.jpg | ||
|perpetrator = Spanish Empire<br>Portuguese Empire<br>British Empire<br>French Empire<br>Mexican government<br>Canadian government<br>United States government<br>[[Paxton Boys]] | |perpetrator = Spanish Empire<br>Portuguese Empire<br>British Empire<br>French Empire<br>Russian Empire<br>Mexican government<br>Canadian government<br>United States government<br>Argentine government<br>Chilean government<br>Brazilian government<br>Paraguayan government<br>[[Paxton Boys]] | ||
|date = 1494 - 1996 | |date = 1494 - 1996 | ||
|location = North and South America | |location = North and South America | ||
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The 1890 Yaqui Uprising against President [[Porfirio Díaz]] was crushed by the Mexican and United States armies. A peace treaty was signed in 1897, but this was later broken and another war was started, continuing into the 20th Century. By 1903, President Díaz had decided to resolve the Yaqui Wars once and for all by deporting all the Yaqui. Organized manhunts were carried out by the government to capture all Yaqui. 15, 000 Yaqui were enslaved, and 60, 000 died during deportation. The genocide came to an end when President Díaz was overthrown in 1911, although minor skirmishes continued until 1929. | The 1890 Yaqui Uprising against President [[Porfirio Díaz]] was crushed by the Mexican and United States armies. A peace treaty was signed in 1897, but this was later broken and another war was started, continuing into the 20th Century. By 1903, President Díaz had decided to resolve the Yaqui Wars once and for all by deporting all the Yaqui. Organized manhunts were carried out by the government to capture all Yaqui. 15, 000 Yaqui were enslaved, and 60, 000 died during deportation. The genocide came to an end when President Díaz was overthrown in 1911, although minor skirmishes continued until 1929. | ||
=== [[Selk'nam Genocide]] === | |||
Due to continuous attacks by Selk'nam warriors on miners and farmers, the settlers decided to put an end to the attacks by attempting to completely eradicate the Selk'nam population. Most of the massacres took place under the orders of explorer [[Julius Popper]]. Many of the victims were raped and mutilated and others were captured to be sold to concentration camps and human zoos. The extermination policy remained in place until the early 20th century to which the last full-blooded Selk'nam, Angela Loji died in 1974. | |||
===Genocide in USA and Canada=== | ===Genocide in USA and Canada=== | ||
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====[[The Trail of Tears]]==== | ====[[The Trail of Tears]]==== | ||
On 28 May 1830, President [[Andrew Jackson]] signed into law the [[Indian Removal Act]], which authorized the US government to confiscate Native American land. The Act was strongly enforced under Jackson’s | On 28 May 1830, President [[Andrew Jackson]] signed into law the [[Indian Removal Act]], which authorized the US government to confiscate Native American land. The Act was strongly enforced under Jackson’s presidency and that of his successor [[Martin Van Buren]]. | ||
Under the Indian Removal Act, the government had a mandate to remove 50, 000 Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole and Chickasaw people from their homeland and seize it for themselves. No means of transportation were provided after the Natives were removed, meaning they were forced to walk 2, 200 miles to Indian reservations. 4,000 deaths were reported on one march alone, and estimates of the total death toll range from 5,000 to 25, 000. Others Natives were herded into [[concentration camp]]s until new land was found for then to settle on, but this was generally used as a last resort. | Under the Indian Removal Act, the government had a mandate to remove 50, 000 Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole and Chickasaw people from their homeland and seize it for themselves. No means of transportation were provided after the Natives were removed, meaning they were forced to walk 2, 200 miles to Indian reservations. 4,000 deaths were reported on one march alone, and estimates of the total death toll range from 5,000 to 25, 000. Others Natives were herded into [[concentration camp]]s until new land was found for then to settle on, but this was generally used as a last resort. | ||
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Even when the massacres ended in 1873, violence was still rife and thousands continued to die from starvation and illnesses introduced by the settlers. | Even when the massacres ended in 1873, violence was still rife and thousands continued to die from starvation and illnesses introduced by the settlers. | ||
==== [[Sand Creek Massacre]] ==== | |||
On February 18th, 1861, a group of Cheyenne and Arapaho chiefs signed the Treaty of Fort Wise to cease much of their lands under the Fort Laramie treaty to the U.S. Government in exchange for a new reservation in eastern Colorado. | |||
Three years later, Colorado governor John Evans declared that any native should move to a fort to be granted protection by the U.S. Government, otherwise they will be declared hostile. A peaceful Cheyenne tribe led by the chiefs who signed the Fort Wise treaty set out to move to the fort to be granted protection and decided to camp at Sand Creek. On May 16th, the 3rd Colorado Cavalry under [[John M. Chivington]] began attacking the camp, despite the chiefs signifying that they were peaceful. Under Chivington's orders, the soldiers opened fire and attacked the camp, where they killed and mutilated over one hundred women and children. Chiefs White Antelope and Lean Bear were killed during the massacre, while Black Kettle managed to escape the camp. | |||
====[[Wounded Knee Massacre]]==== | ====[[Wounded Knee Massacre]]==== | ||
Based on the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie, the U.S. government was able to convince the Lakota tribe to move to the Great Sioux Reservation in return for less inhumane treatment. At around this time the Sioux took up the "Ghost Dance" religion, which taught that loving each other, working hard and not stealing for fighting would lead to the reunion of the living and the dead and the sweeping away of evil. White authorities, alarmed by this new religion, began arresting Lakota leaders, leading to many Lakota attempting to flee the reservation. | Based on the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie, the U.S. government was able to convince the Lakota tribe to move to the Great Sioux Reservation in return for less inhumane treatment. At around this time the Sioux took up the "Ghost Dance" religion, which taught that loving each other, working hard and not stealing for fighting would lead to the reunion of the living and the dead and the sweeping away of evil. White authorities, alarmed by this new religion, began arresting Lakota leaders, leading to many Lakota attempting to flee the reservation. | ||
On | On December 19th, 1890, the Seventh Cavalry Unit, lead by [[James W. Forsyth]], intercepted a group led by Chief Spotted Elk as they were fleeing the reservation. Forsyth announced that they were to surrender all their weapons, but one deaf-mute man, Black Coyote, did not understand what was going on and failed to put down his rifle. The soldiers attempted to take the rifle from him, causing it to go off. This panicked the soldiers, who opened fire on the unarmed Lakota. Women and children fled and took cover in a nearby ravine but were killed when Forsyth ordered light artillery positioned on the hill to fire on their position. It is estimated that around 300 Lakota were killed in the massacre. | ||
====Assimilation policies==== | ====Assimilation policies==== | ||