Amerindian Genocide: Difference between revisions

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==== [[Sand Creek Massacre]] ====

On February ~~18th,~~ 1861, a group of Cheyenne and Arapaho chiefs signed the Treaty of Fort Wise to cease much of their lands under the Fort Laramie treaty to the U.S. Government in exchange for a new reservation in eastern Colorado.

On February 18 1861, a group of Cheyenne and Arapaho chiefs signed the Treaty of Fort Wise to cease much of their lands under the Fort Laramie treaty to the U.S. Government in exchange for a new reservation in eastern Colorado.

Three years later, Colorado governor John Evans declared that any native should move to a fort to be granted protection by the U.S. Government, otherwise they will be declared hostile. A peaceful Cheyenne tribe led by the chiefs who signed the Fort Wise treaty set out to move to the fort to be granted protection and decided to camp at Sand Creek. On May 16th, the 3rd Colorado Cavalry under [[John M. Chivington]] began attacking the camp, despite the chiefs signifying that they were peaceful. Under Chivington's orders, the soldiers opened fire and attacked the camp, where they killed and mutilated over one hundred women and children. Chiefs White Antelope and Lean Bear were killed during the massacre, while Black Kettle managed to escape the camp.

Three years later, Colorado governor John Evans declared that any native should move to a fort to be granted protection by the U.S. Government, otherwise they will be declared hostile. A peaceful Cheyenne tribe led by the chiefs who signed the Fort Wise treaty set out to move to the fort to be granted protection and decided to camp at Sand Creek. On May 16th, the 3rd Colorado Cavalry under [[John Chivington]] began attacking the camp, despite the chiefs signifying that they were peaceful. Under Chivington's orders, the soldiers opened fire and attacked the camp, where they killed and mutilated over one hundred women and children. Chiefs White Antelope and Lean Bear were killed during the massacre, while Black Kettle managed to escape the camp.

==== [[Long Walk of the Navajo]] ====

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Based on the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie, the U.S. government was able to convince the Lakota tribe to move to the Great Sioux Reservation in return for less inhumane treatment. At around this time the Sioux took up the "Ghost Dance" religion, which taught that loving each other, working hard and not stealing or fighting would lead to the reunion of the living and the dead and the sweeping away of evil. White authorities, alarmed by this new religion, began arresting Lakota leaders, leading to many Lakota attempting to flee the reservation.

On December ~~19th~~, 1890, the Seventh Cavalry Unit, lead by [[James W. Forsyth]] and acting on orders from President [[Benjamin Harrison]], intercepted a group led by Chief Spotted Elk as they were fleeing the reservation. Forsyth announced that they were to surrender all their weapons, but one deaf-mute man, Black Coyote, did not understand what was going on and failed to put down his rifle. The soldiers attempted to take the rifle from him, causing it to go off. This panicked the soldiers, who opened fire on the unarmed Lakota. Women and children fled and took cover in a nearby ravine but were killed when Forsyth ordered light artillery positioned on the hill to fire on their position. It is estimated that around 300 Lakota were killed in the massacre.

On December 19, 1890, the Seventh Cavalry Unit, lead by [[James W. Forsyth]] and acting on orders from President [[Benjamin Harrison]], intercepted a group led by Chief Spotted Elk as they were fleeing the reservation. Forsyth announced that they were to surrender all their weapons, but one deaf-mute man, Black Coyote, did not understand what was going on and failed to put down his rifle. The soldiers attempted to take the rifle from him, causing it to go off. This panicked the soldiers, who opened fire on the unarmed Lakota. Women and children fled and took cover in a nearby ravine but were killed when Forsyth ordered light artillery positioned on the hill to fire on their position. It is estimated that around 300 Lakota were killed in the massacre.

====Assimilation policies====

@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 ==== [[Sand Creek Massacre]] ====
-On February 18th, 1861, a group of Cheyenne and Arapaho chiefs signed the Treaty of Fort Wise to cease much of their lands under the Fort Laramie treaty to the U.S. Government in exchange for a new reservation in eastern Colorado.
+On February 18 1861, a group of Cheyenne and Arapaho chiefs signed the Treaty of Fort Wise to cease much of their lands under the Fort Laramie treaty to the U.S. Government in exchange for a new reservation in eastern Colorado.
-Three years later, Colorado governor John Evans declared that any native should move to a fort to be granted protection by the U.S. Government, otherwise they will be declared hostile. A peaceful Cheyenne tribe led by the chiefs who signed the Fort Wise treaty set out to move to the fort to be granted protection and decided to camp at Sand Creek. On May 16th, the 3rd Colorado Cavalry under [[John M. Chivington]] began attacking the camp, despite the chiefs signifying that they were peaceful. Under Chivington's orders, the soldiers opened fire and attacked the camp, where they killed and mutilated over one hundred women and children. Chiefs White Antelope and Lean Bear were killed during the massacre, while Black Kettle managed to escape the camp.
+Three years later, Colorado governor John Evans declared that any native should move to a fort to be granted protection by the U.S. Government, otherwise they will be declared hostile. A peaceful Cheyenne tribe led by the chiefs who signed the Fort Wise treaty set out to move to the fort to be granted protection and decided to camp at Sand Creek. On May 16th, the 3rd Colorado Cavalry under [[John Chivington]] began attacking the camp, despite the chiefs signifying that they were peaceful. Under Chivington's orders, the soldiers opened fire and attacked the camp, where they killed and mutilated over one hundred women and children. Chiefs White Antelope and Lean Bear were killed during the massacre, while Black Kettle managed to escape the camp.
 ==== [[Long Walk of the Navajo]] ====
@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
 Based on the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie, the U.S. government was able to convince the Lakota tribe to move to the Great Sioux Reservation in return for less inhumane treatment. At around this time the Sioux took up the "Ghost Dance" religion, which taught that loving each other, working hard and not stealing or fighting would lead to the reunion of the living and the dead and the sweeping away of evil. White authorities, alarmed by this new religion, began arresting Lakota leaders, leading to many Lakota attempting to flee the reservation.
-On December 19th, 1890, the Seventh Cavalry Unit, lead by [[James W. Forsyth]] and acting on orders from President [[Benjamin Harrison]], intercepted a group led by Chief Spotted Elk as they were fleeing the reservation. Forsyth announced that they were to surrender all their weapons, but one deaf-mute man, Black Coyote, did not understand what was going on and failed to put down his rifle. The soldiers attempted to take the rifle from him, causing it to go off. This panicked the soldiers, who opened fire on the unarmed Lakota. Women and children fled and took cover in a nearby ravine but were killed when Forsyth ordered light artillery positioned on the hill to fire on their position. It is estimated that around 300 Lakota were killed in the massacre.
+On December 19, 1890, the Seventh Cavalry Unit, lead by [[James W. Forsyth]] and acting on orders from President [[Benjamin Harrison]], intercepted a group led by Chief Spotted Elk as they were fleeing the reservation. Forsyth announced that they were to surrender all their weapons, but one deaf-mute man, Black Coyote, did not understand what was going on and failed to put down his rifle. The soldiers attempted to take the rifle from him, causing it to go off. This panicked the soldiers, who opened fire on the unarmed Lakota. Women and children fled and took cover in a nearby ravine but were killed when Forsyth ordered light artillery positioned on the hill to fire on their position. It is estimated that around 300 Lakota were killed in the massacre.
 ====Assimilation policies====