Juan Perón: Difference between revisions
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{{Important}} | {{Important}} | ||
{{Villain_Infobox | {{Villain_Infobox | ||
|Image = | |Image =Juan Perón.jpg | ||
|fullname = Juan Domingo Perón | |fullname = Juan Domingo Perón | ||
|alias = El Viejo<br>Pocho | |alias = El Viejo<br>Pocho<br> | ||
|origin =Lobos, Buenos Aires, Argentina | |origin =Lobos, Buenos Aires, Argentina | ||
|occupation =President of Argentina (1946 - 1955, 1973 - 1974) | |occupation =President of Argentina (1946 - 1955, 1973 - 1974) | ||
|type of villain = Populist Dictator | |type of villain = Populist Dictator | ||
|goals = Hold absolute power in Argentina (successful) | |goals = Hold absolute power in Argentina (successful) | ||
|crimes = Mass repression<br>Mass [[murder]]<br>[[Torture]]<br>[[Censorship]]<br>[[Genocide]]<br>[[Pedophilia]]<br>Statutory [[rape]]<br>[[Propaganda]]<br>Human rights violations<br>[[Crimes against humanity]]<br>[[Authoritarianism]]<br>[[Xenophobia]] | |crimes = Mass repression<br>Mass [[murder]]<br>[[Torture]]<br>[[Censorship]]<br>[[Genocide]]<br>[[Pedophilia]]<br>Statutory [[rape]]<br>[[Propaganda]]<br>Human rights violations<br>[[Crimes against humanity]]<br>[[Authoritarianism]]<br>[[Xenophobia]]<br> | ||
|hobby = | |hobby = | ||
}}{{Quote|For our friends: everything. For our enemies: not even justice.|Juan Perón}} | }}{{Quote|For our friends: everything. For our enemies: not even justice.|Juan Perón}} | ||
'''Juan Domingo Perón''' (October 8, 1895 – July 1, 1974) was an Argentine Army general and politician. After serving in several government positions, including Minister of Labour and Vice President of a military dictatorship, he was elected President of Argentina three times, serving from June 1946 to September 1955, when he was overthrown by the ''[[Revolución Libertadora]]'', and then from October 1973 until his death in July 1974, after which his third wife, [[ | '''Juan Domingo Perón''' (October 8, 1895 – July 1, 1974) was an Argentine Army general and politician. After serving in several government positions, including Minister of Labour and Vice President of a [[military dictatorship]], he was elected President of Argentina three times, serving from June 1946 to September 1955, when he was overthrown by the ''[[Revolución Libertadora]]'', and then from October 1973 until his death in July 1974, after which his third wife, [[Isabel Perón]], assumed the presidency. | ||
==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
===Military career=== | ===Military career=== | ||
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After [[World War II]], with Europe in ruins, Perón's ambition was to transform Argentina into a superpower. He nationalized/expropriated several foreign companies (mostly British-owned) in order to achieve complete autarky, launched a five-year plan focused on economic growth and infrastructure, and started developing a nuclear program on Huemul Island. | After [[World War II]], with Europe in ruins, Perón's ambition was to transform Argentina into a superpower. He nationalized/expropriated several foreign companies (mostly British-owned) in order to achieve complete autarky, launched a five-year plan focused on economic growth and infrastructure, and started developing a nuclear program on Huemul Island. | ||
He remained sympathetic to fascism, and granted asylum to many [[Nazi]] [[War crimes|war criminal]]s and collaborators as part of his own version of Operation Paperclip, most notably [[Adolf Eichmann]], [[Josef Mengele]], Croatian dictator [[Ante Pavelić]] (leader of the [[Ustaše]]) and Otto Skorzeny, the former [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] bodyguard and ''[[Schutzstaffel]]'' officer who rescued [[Benito Mussolini]] from house arrest in 1943; Skorzeny was Perón's close advisor and Evita's bodyguard (and, presumably, even her lover). However, Perón himself wasn't anti-semitic. | He remained sympathetic to fascism, and granted asylum to many [[Nazi]] [[War crimes|war criminal]]s and collaborators as part of his own version of Operation Paperclip, most notably [[Adolf Eichmann]], [[Josef Mengele]], Croatian dictator [[Ante Pavelić]] (leader of the [[Ustaše]]) and [[Otto Skorzeny]], the former [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] bodyguard and ''[[Schutzstaffel]]'' officer who rescued [[Benito Mussolini]] from house arrest in 1943; Skorzeny was Perón's close advisor and Evita's bodyguard (and, presumably, even her lover). However, Perón himself wasn't anti-semitic. | ||
Perón's regime was certainly repressive and intolerant of opposition, but not in a murderous way. He favored [[censorship|media suppression]], and intimidation, persecution, imprisonment and [[torture]] of prominent critics both left and right over straight-up forced disappearances. But that slowly began to change following the 1947 [[Rincón Bomba massacre]], a brutal eviction of members of the indigenous Pilagá people, which technically constitutes [[genocide]]. | Perón's regime was certainly repressive and intolerant of opposition, but not in a murderous way. He favored [[censorship|media suppression]], and intimidation, persecution, imprisonment and [[torture]] of prominent critics both left and right over straight-up forced disappearances. But that slowly began to change following the 1947 [[Rincón Bomba massacre]], a brutal eviction of members of the indigenous Pilagá people, which technically constitutes [[genocide]]. | ||
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In 1951, Perón was re-elected for a second term. However, things started to get rough. Economic growth stagnated, his anti-intellectual stance made him a lot of enemies among the Argentine upper-class intelligentsia (including writer Jorge Luis Borges, who had been "promoted" from library attendant to "poultry inspector" for opposing Perón), his progressive reforms (including a divorce law) infuriated conservatives and the Catholic Church, and perhaps most importantly, his wife Evita died of cancer. | In 1951, Perón was re-elected for a second term. However, things started to get rough. Economic growth stagnated, his anti-intellectual stance made him a lot of enemies among the Argentine upper-class intelligentsia (including writer Jorge Luis Borges, who had been "promoted" from library attendant to "poultry inspector" for opposing Perón), his progressive reforms (including a divorce law) infuriated conservatives and the Catholic Church, and perhaps most importantly, his wife Evita died of cancer. | ||
On June 1955, members of an ultra-Catholic faction of the Air Force wrote ''Cristo Vence'' ("Christ is Victorious") on their airplanes and decided to rebel against the Peronist regime by [[Bombing of Plaza de Mayo|bombing Plaza de Mayo]], an important square in Buenos Aires adjacent to the Casa Rosada presidential palace, killing hundreds of innocent civilians. The attempted coup failed, anti-Catholic riots and [[church burning]]s by Perón supporters followed, but the dictator was finished. He was overthrown three months later by the so-called ''Revolución Libertadora'' ("Liberating Revolution"), a military coup better known by Peronists as the ''Revolución Fusiladora'' ("Shooting Revolution") for obvious reasons. | On June 1955, members of an ultra-Catholic faction of the Air Force wrote ''Cristo Vence'' ("Christ is Victorious") on their airplanes and decided to rebel against the Peronist regime by [[Bombing of Plaza de Mayo|bombing Plaza de Mayo]], an important square in Buenos Aires adjacent to the Casa Rosada presidential palace, killing hundreds of innocent civilians. The attempted coup failed, anti-Catholic riots and [[church burning]]s by Perón supporters followed, but the dictator was finished. He was overthrown three months later by the so-called ''[[Revolución Libertadora]]'' ("Liberating Revolution"), a military coup better known by Peronists as the ''Revolución Fusiladora'' ("Shooting Revolution") for obvious reasons. | ||
===[[Exile]] === | ===[[Exile]] === | ||
The ''Libertadora'' went to extreme lengths to destroy Perón and his legacy. Not only did they attempt to kill the exiled Perón with a car bomb (twice), they also executed hundreds of suspected Peronist sympathizers, renamed or banned all Peronist organizations, [[book burning|burned books]] and portraits of Perón and Evita, and made it illegal to even mention Perón's name. | The ''Libertadora'' went to extreme lengths to destroy Perón and his legacy. Not only did they attempt to kill the exiled Perón with a car bomb (twice), they also executed hundreds of suspected Peronist sympathizers, renamed or banned all Peronist organizations, [[book burning|burned books]] and portraits of Perón and Evita, and made it illegal to even mention Perón's name. | ||
Evita's embalmed body was removed by the military junta from its resting place (the CGT headquarters), and the corpse was urinated on, mutilated and sexually abused; it would later be taken to Milan, Italy, and buried in secret under a fake name for almost 15 years. They also exaggerated Perón's crimes and sought to portray him as a degenerate monster, although they also legitimately exposed some dark aspects of Perón, like, for example, his [[pedophilia|sexual relationship with a thirteen-year-old girl]]. | Evita's embalmed body was removed by the military junta from its resting place (the CGT headquarters), and the corpse was urinated on, mutilated and [[Necrophilia|sexually abused]]; it would later be taken to Milan, Italy, and buried in secret under a fake name for almost 15 years. They also exaggerated Perón's crimes and sought to portray him as a degenerate monster, although they also legitimately exposed some dark aspects of Perón, like, for example, his [[pedophilia|sexual relationship with a thirteen-year-old girl]]. | ||
Juan Perón would spend the next 18 years in exile as guest of some of the most infamous tyrants in Ibero-American history: [[Alfredo Stroessner]] in Paraguay, [[Anastasio Somoza Debayle]] in Nicaragua, [[Marcos Pérez Jiménez]] in Venezuela, [[Rafael Trujillo]] in the Dominican Republic, and [[Francisco Franco]] in Spain. The only democratic (although heavily militarized and US-controlled) country he lived in was Panama, where he met his third wife, Argentine dancer María Estela Martínez, later known as | Juan Perón would spend the next 18 years in exile as guest of some of the most infamous tyrants in Ibero-American history: [[Alfredo Stroessner]] in Paraguay, [[Anastasio Somoza Debayle]] in Nicaragua, [[Marcos Pérez Jiménez]] in Venezuela, [[Rafael Trujillo]] in the Dominican Republic, and [[Francisco Franco]] in Spain. The only democratic (although heavily militarized and US-controlled) country he lived in was Panama, where he met his third wife, Argentine dancer María Estela Martínez, later known as Isabel Perón. | ||
Meanwhile, the Peronists in Argentina would start a years-long resistance against the military dictatorships to allow Perón to come back from exile, which often included [[terrorism]], guerrilla warfare, and political assassinations. Some neo-fascist, anti-semitic, Peronist terrorist groups like the [[Tacuara Nationalist Movement]] or that of [[Rodolfo Galimberti]] would later be absorbed by the [[Montoneros]], the radical left-wing arm of the Peronist movement. Their most famous action was the 1970 [[kidnapping]] and execution of former dictator [[Pedro Eugenio Aramburu]], in retaliation for the 1956 massacre of 31 Peronists in a garbage dump near the town of José León Suárez. | Meanwhile, the Peronists in Argentina would start a years-long resistance against the military dictatorships to allow Perón to come back from exile, which often included [[terrorism]], guerrilla warfare, and political assassinations. Some neo-fascist, anti-semitic, Peronist terrorist groups like the [[Tacuara Nationalist Movement]] or that of [[Rodolfo Galimberti]] would later be absorbed by the [[Montoneros]], the radical left-wing arm of the Peronist movement. Their most famous action was the 1970 [[kidnapping]] and execution of former dictator [[Pedro Eugenio Aramburu]], in retaliation for the 1956 massacre of 31 Peronists in a garbage dump near the town of José León Suárez. | ||
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