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Roberto D'Aubuisson Arrieta (23 August 1943 – 20 February 1992) was a far-right Salvadoran soldier and politician, prominent official for the Revolutionary Government Junta of El Salvador, president of the Constituent Assembly of El Salvador from 1982 to 1983 and founder of the Nationalist Republican Alliance (Spanish: Alianza Republicana Nacionalista, ARENA), and in turn leader of the death squads during the Salvadoran Civil War.
He was born in 1944, in Santa Tecla, and graduated from the Salvadoran Military Academy in 1963. He later studied at the School of the Americas, graduating in 1972.
In 1981, he founded the right-wing political party ARENA, and in 1984 he and his party ran for the presidency of El Salvador, losing to José Napoleón Duarte in the second round.
He was responsible for implementing and leading the death squads, created with the aim of destroying leftist guerrilla organizations, and responsible for many human rights violations.
He was the intellectual responsible for the murder of the priest and human rights defender Óscar Arnulfo Romero in 1980.
Roberto D'Aubuisson died in 1992 from cancer of the tongue, and is currently a controversial character in the history of El Salvador, as he is treated as a hero by ARENA members and far-right politicians, but he is considered a war criminal by leftist politicians, human rights defenders and a large part of the Salvadoran people.