Nazi Party

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Nazi Party File:Flag of the NSDAP (1920–1945).svg.png Full Name: National-Sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei Alias: Nazi Party Third Reich Nazi Germany NSDAP National Socialist German Workers' Party German Reich Greater German Reich Origin: Germany Foundation: February 24, 1920 headquarters Munich, Germany Commanders: Anton Drexler (1920 - 1933) Adolf Hitler (1933 - 1945) Joseph Goebbels (1945) Karl Dönitz (as President of Germany; April - May 1945) Goals: Avenge Germany's defeat and blame the Jews for their perpetration of November 9th, 1918 (failed) Establish the "Aryans" as the master race that will rule the world (failed) Establish a thousand-year Reich (failed) Conquer all of Europe (failed) Crimes: Mass murder Genocide Tyranny Torture Slavery Hatemongering Warmongering Human experimentation Unlawful mass detention Ethnic cleansing War crimes Human rights vilations Crimes against humanity Xenophobia Terrorism Propaganda Kidnapping

“	The party must not become the servant of the masses, but their master.	„
	~ Adolf Hitler

The National Socialist German Workers' Party (often shorted simply to "Nazis") were the ruling party of Germany during the events of World War II. First emerging in 1920 as the successor to the nationalistic German Workers' Party, the Nazi Party became infamous as a society that, under the control of Adolf Hitler, orchestrated a number of unlawful invasions as well as numerous war crimes and crimes against humanity, with the most well known being the Holocaust, the genocidal mass slaughter of Jews all across Europe that is widely accepted to be the worst act of genocide in modern history.

The Nazi Party is considered by many to be the most evil organization to have ever existed; they have become a staple symbol of evil in the minds of many along with their symbol, the Swastika, which is outlawed in a few countries as a hate symbol — the Nazi Party was part of a wider network of regimes collectively known as the Axis Powers during World War II and ultimately found defeat shortly after Hitler committed suicide.

Although extensive work was done to try and remove and evidence of the Nazis' crimes from Germany and the world in general, sadly, their legacy continues to live on across the world in the forms of various Neo-Nazi and white supremacist organizations throughout the world. Their ideals have also seen a major resurgence in popularity during the mid-to-late 2010's with the rise of the Alt-Right movement.

Ideology

The Nazi Party's prime ideology was a variation of fascism known as National Socialism (not to be confused with the type of socialism associated with communism) and it promoted the idea that the Aryan race (humans of Nordic and Germanic descent) was an innately superior breed of human and therefore deserved dominance over the world and other races. While the party is well-remembered for its extreme antisemitism, the Nazis also targeted Slavs (such as Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Slovenes, Serbians, Croatians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, and Russians; the Slavic peoples were notably the main victims of Generalplan Ost), Romani (targeting them with a separate event known as the Porajmos) Greeks, Arabs, Muslims, homosexuals, the disabled, Catholics, socialists, leftist-sympathizers, and others deemed Untermensch (sub-human) by the dictatorship.

History

The Nazi Party was founded as the German Workers’ Party by Anton Drexler, a Munich locksmith, in 1919. Adolf Hitler attended one of its meetings that year, and before long his energy and oratorical skills would enable him to take over the party, which was renamed National Socialist German Workers’ Party in 1920.

That year Hitler also formulated a 25-point program that became the permanent basis for the party. The program called for German abandonment of the Treaty of Versailles and for the expansion of German territory. These appeals for national aggrandizement were accompanied by a strident anti-Semitic rhetoric. The party’s socialist orientation was basically a demagogic gambit designed to attract support from the working class. By 1921 Hitler had ousted the party’s other leaders and taken over.

Under Hitler the Nazi Party grew steadily in its home base of Bavaria. It organized strong-arm groups to protect its rallies and meetings. These groups drew their members from war veterans groups and paramilitary organizations and were organized under the name Sturmabteilung (SA). In 1923 Hitler and his followers felt strong enough to stage the Beer Hall Putsch, an unsuccessful attempt to take control of the Bavarian state government in the hope that it would trigger a nationwide insurrection against the Weimar Republic. The coup failed, the Nazi Party was temporarily banned, and Hitler was sent to prison for most of 1924.

Upon his release Hitler quickly set about rebuilding his moribund party, vowing to achieve power only through legal political means thereafter. The Nazi Party’s membership grew from 25,000 in 1925 to about 180,000 in 1929. Its organizational system of gauleiters (“district leaders”) spread through Germany at this time, and the party began contesting municipal, state, and federal elections with increasing frequency.

However, it was the effects of the Great Depression in Germany that brought the Nazi Party to its first real nationwide importance. The rapid rise in unemployment in 1929–30 provided millions of jobless and dissatisfied voters whom the Nazi Party exploited to its advantage. From 1929 to 1932 the party vastly increased its membership and voting strength; its vote in elections to the Reichstag (the German Parliament) increased from 800,000 votes in 1928 to about 14,000,000 votes in July 1932, and it thus emerged as the largest voting bloc in the Reichstag, with 230 members (38 percent of the total vote). By then big-business circles had begun to finance the Nazi electoral campaigns, and swelling bands of SA toughs increasingly dominated the street fighting with the communists that accompanied such campaigns.

When unemployment began to drop in Germany in late 1932, the Nazi Party’s vote also dropped, to about 12,000,000 (33 percent of the vote) in the November 1932 elections. Nevertheless, Hitler’s shrewd maneuvering behind the scenes prompted the president of the German republic, Paul von Hindenburg, to name him chancellor on January 30, 1933. Hitler used the powers of his office to solidify the Nazis’ position in the government during the following months. The elections of March 5, 1933—precipitated by the burning of the Reichstag building only days earlier—gave the Nazi Party 44 percent of the votes, and further unscrupulous tactics on Hitler’s part turned the voting balance in the Reichstag in the Nazis’ favour. On March 23, 1933, the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act, which “enabled” Hitler’s government to issue decrees independently of the Reichstag and the presidency; Hitler in effect assumed dictatorial powers.

On July 14, 1933, his government declared the Nazi Party to be the only political party in Germany. On the death of Hindenburg in 1934 Hitler took the titles of Führer (“Leader”), chancellor, and commander in chief of the army, and he remained leader of the Nazi Party as well. Nazi Party membership became mandatory for all higher civil servants and bureaucrats, and the gauleiters became powerful figures in the state governments. Hitler crushed the Nazi Party’s left, or socialist-oriented, wing in 1934, executing Ernst Röhm and other rebellious SA leaders on what would become known as the “Night of the Long Knives.” Thereafter, Hitler’s word was the supreme and undisputed command in the party.

The party came to control virtually all political, social, and cultural activities in Germany. Its vast and complex hierarchy was structured like a pyramid, with party-controlled mass organizations for youth, women, workers, and other groups at the bottom, party members and officials in the middle, and Hitler and his closest associates at the top wielding undisputed authority.

Upon Germany’s defeat, Hitler’s suicide, and the Allied occupation of the country in 1945 at the end of World War II, the Nazi Party was banned, and its top leaders were convicted of crimes against peace and against humanity.

Members

• Adolf Hitler - politician and leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, abbreviated NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party. He was the absolute dictator of Germany from 1934 to 1945, with the title of Chancellor from 1933 to 1945 and with the title of Führer from 1934 to 1945.
• Anton Drexler - A politician and member of the Nazi party through the 1920s. The founder and a leader of the German Worker's Party (DAP). Responsible for changing the name of the Party to the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) early in 1920.
• Joseph Goebbels - One of Adolf Hitler's closest associates and most devout followers, he was known for his zealous oratory and anti-Semitism. Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda throughout the Third Reich and World War II. Named Chancellor of the Reich in Hitler's will, a position he held for only one day before his own suicide.
• Karl Dönitz: Großadmiral, Führer der Unterseeboote (Commander of Submarines) 1936-1943, Commander-in-Chief of the Navy (Kriegsmarine) 1943-1945, last President of the Third Reich following Hitler's suicide.
• Achim Gercke - Expert of racial matters at the Ministry of the Interior. Devised the system of "racial prophylaxis" forbidding the intermarriage between Jews and Aryans.
• Adolf Eichmann - SS-Obersturmbannführer. Official in charge of RSHA Referat IV B4, Juden (RSHA Sub-Department IV-B4, Jews); responsible for the facilitation and transportation of the Jews to ghettos and extermination camps. Fled to Argentina, where he was captured by Mossad operatives in 1960, tried in Israel and executed on May 31, 1962.
• Adolf Hamann - Chief of the Gruppe Hamann division and commander of the garrisons of Bryansk and Bobruisk.
• Adolf Hühnlein - Korpsführer (Corps Leader) of the National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK), from 1934 until his death in 1942.
• Adolf von Trotha
• Adolf Wagner - Gauleiter of München-Oberbayern and Bavarian Interior Minister
• Adolf Ziegler
• Albert Forster - Politician and governor of the province Danzig-West Prussia from 1939-1945.
• Albert Speer - architect for Nazis' offices and residences, Party rallies and State buildings (1932-42), Minister of Armaments and War Production (1942-45).
• Alfred Baeumler - Philosopher who interpreted the works of Friedrich Nietzsche in order to legitimize Nazism.
• Alfred Jodl - Generaloberst and Chief of the Operations Staff of the Armed Forces High Command (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, or OKW) during World War II, acting as deputy to Wilhelm Keitel. Personally signed the instruments of unconditional surrender at the end of the war in 1945.
• Alfred Meyer - Deputy Reichsminister in the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories.
• Alfred Wünnenberg - SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS und der Polizei. Commander of the SS-Polizei-Division, 1941-1943; Chief of the Ordnungspolizei, 1943–1945 after Kurt Daluege
• Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach - member of Freundeskreis der Wirtschaft; Colonel In NSDAP Flying Corps; ran the Friedrich Krupp AG heavy industry conglomerate from 1943 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1967
• Alois Brunner - Commander of the Drancy internment camp outside Paris from June 1943 to August 1944.
• Amon Göth - SS-Hauptsturmführer. He was the commandant of the Nazi concentration camp at Płaszów, General Government (a German occupied area of Poland).
• Andreas Bauriedl
• Anton Burger - Commandant of Concentration camp Theresienstadt between 1943 and 1944.
• Anton Dostler - Commander of 75th Army Corps.
• Aribert Heim - Head doctor at the Mauthausen Concentration Camp.
• Arthur Greiser - Chief of Civil Administration and Gauleiter in the military district of Greater Poland.
• Artur Axmann - Chief of the Social Office of the Reich Youth Leadership. Leader of the Hitler Youth from 1940 through war's end in 1945.
• Artur Phleps - SS-Obergruppenführer. He saw action with the 5. SS-Panzergrenadier-Division Wiking, and later was commander of the 7. SS-Freiwilligen-Gebirgs-Division Prinz Eugen and the V SS Mountain Corps. He was killed in September 1944.
• August Eigruber - Gauleiter of Oberdonau (Upper Danube) and Landeshauptmann of Upper Austria.
• August Heißmeyer - Leading member of the SS.
• August Hirt - Chairman at the Reich University in Strasbourg and instigator of a plan to build a study-collection of specialized human anatomical specimens. Over 100 Jews were killed for his program. Allied discovery of corpses, paperwork, and statements of laboratory assistants led to war crimes trial preparation, but Hirt committed suicide beforehand.
• Baldur von Schirach - leader of Hitler Youth (1931-40), Gauleiter of Vienna (1940-45).
• Benno von Arent - Responsible for art, theatres, and movies in the Third Reich.
• Bernhard Krüger - Leader of the VI F 4a Unit in the Reichssicherheitshauptamt responsible for, among other things, falsifying passports and documents.
• Bronislav Kaminski - Head of Briansk-Lokot Republic.
• Carl Clauberg - Doctor who conducted medical experiments on human beings in Nazi concentration camps during World War II.
• Carl Schmitt
• Christian Wirth - SS-Obersturmführer. He was a senior German police and SS officer during the program to exterminate the Jewish people of occupied Poland during World War II, known as "Operation Reinhard". Wirth was a top aide of Odilo Globocnik, the overall director of "Operation Reinhard" (Aktion Reinhard or Einsatz Reinhard).
• Dieter Wisliceny - SS-Hauptsturmführer.
• Dietrich Eckart - Important early member of the National-Socialist German Workers' Party and a participant of the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch.
• Dietrich Klagges - Premier of the Duchy of Brunswick between 1933 and 1945.
• Dietrich von Choltitz- Governor of Paris.
• Eberhard Herf - Commander of Order Police in Minsk, head of the Minsk ghetto.
• Edmund Hoffmeister - Commander of the 383rd Panzer Division.
• Edmund Veesenmayer - Plenipotentiary to Hungary and SS-Brigadeführer
• Eduard Roschmann - SS-Obersturmführer and commandant of the Riga ghetto during 1943.
• Eduard Wirths - Chief SS doctor (SS-Standortarzt) at the Auschwitz concentration camp from September 1942 to January 1945.
• Erhard Heiden - Founding member of the Schutzstaffel (SS), and its third Reichsführer from 1927-29.
• Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski - Commander of the "Bandenkämpfverbände" SS units responsible for the mass murder of 35,000 civilians in Riga and more than 200,000 in Belarus and eastern Poland.
• Ernst Biberstein - SS-Obersturmbannführer, member of the SD and commanding officer of Einsatzkommando 6.
• Ernst Boepple - State Secretary of the General Government in Poland, serving as deputy to Deputy Governor Josef Bühler. Deeply implicated in the Final Solution.
• Ernst Hanfstaengl - Confidante and early supporter of Adolf Hitler.
• Ernst Wilhelm Bohle - leader of the Foreign Organization of the German Nazi Party from 1933 until 1945.
• Ernst Röhm - a co-founder of the Sturmabteilung (Storm Battalion) or SA, the Nazi Party militia and later was the SA commander. In 1934, as part of the Night of the Long Knives, he was executed on Hitler's orders as a potential rival.
• Ernst Kaltenbrunner - SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Polizei und Waffen-SS. Chief of the RSHA (Reich Main Security Office) a main section of the SS, after Heydrich's death in June 1942 to the end of World War II. He was the highest-ranking official to be tried at the Nuremberg Trials.
• Ernst Rudin
• Ernst Schlange - Gauleiter of Gau Brandenburg.
• Ewald von Demandowsky - Editor of propaganda magazine, subordinate Reichsfilmdramatug within the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and propaganda.
• Eugen Hadamovsky - National programming director for German radio and chief of staff in the Nazi Party's Central Propaganda Office (Reichspropagandaleitung) in Berlin from 1942-1944.
• Eugen Munder - Early party organizer in Stuttgart and Gauleiter of Württemberg from 1925-1928.
• Felix Steiner - SS-Obergruppenführer und General der Waffen-SS. He was chosen by Himmler to oversee the creation of, and command the volunteer Waffen-SS Division, 5th SS Panzer Division Wiking.
• Franz Breithaupt, NSDAP deputy to the Reichstag between 1933–1945.
• Franz Gürtner - Minister of Justice responsible for co-ordinating jurisprudence in the Third Reich.
• Franz Hayler - State Secretary and acting Reich Economics Minister during the latter part of World War II.
• Franz Hofer - Gauleiter of the Tyrol and Vorarlberg regions.
• Franz Josef Huber - former Munich political police department inspector with Heinrich Müller and in 1938 appointed chief of the State Police (SiPo) and Gestapo for Vienna, the "Lower Danube", and "Upper Danube" regions.
• Franz Pfeffer von Salomon - Supreme Leader of the SA from its re-founding in 1925 until his removal in 1930 and Hitler's personal assumption of the title.
• Franz Ritter von Epp - General of the German army.
• Franz Schlegelberger
• Franz Xaver Schwarz - National Treasurer of the NSDAP 1925-1945 and head of the Reichszeugmeisterei or National Material Control Office. Promoted to SS-Oberstgruppenführer in 1944.
• Franz Seldte
• Franz Six - Chief of Amt VII, Written Records of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) which dealt with ideological tasks. These included the creation of anti-semitic, anti-masonic propaganda, the sounding of public opinion and monitoring of Nazi indoctrination by the public.
• Franz Stangl - SS-Hauptsturmführer who served as the commandant of the Sobibór and Treblinka extermination camps.
• Franz Ziereis - Commandant of Mauthausen concentration camp.
• Friedrich Alpers - SS-Obergruppenführer and Minister of the Free State of Brunswick.
• Friedrich Wilhelm Krüger - High-ranking member of the SA and SS.
• Gerda Bernigau - Chief wardress of the Gross-Rosen region.
• Gerhard Wagner
• Gertrud Scholtz-Klink
• Gottfried von Erdmannsdorf - Commander of Fortress Mogilev
• Gottfried Feder - Economic theorist and one of the early leaders of the NSDAP.
• Gottlob Berger - Chief of Staff for Waffen-SS and head of the SS's main leadership office.
• Gunter d'Alquen - Chief Editor of the SS official newspaper, Das Schwarze Korps ("The Black Corps"), and commander of the SS-Standarte Kurt Eggers.
• Hanns Johst - Playwright and Poet Laureate of the Nazi party.
• Hanns Kerrl - Reichsminister of Church Affairs for the Third Reich.
• Hanns Ludin - Diplomat and ambassador to Slovakia.
• Hans Aumeier - deputy commandant at Auschwitz.
• Hans Biebow - Chief of Administration of the Łódź Ghetto.
• Hans-Friedrich Blunck - Propagandist and head of the Reich Literature Chamber between 1933 and 1935.
• Hans Frank - Governor-General of occupied Poland and involved in perpetration of the Holocaust.
• Hans Fritzsche - Senior official at the Ministry for Propaganda.
• Hans Hinkel - Journalist and commissioner at the Reich Ministry for the People's Enlightenment and Propaganda.
• Hans Jüttner - SS-Obergruppenführer. Head of the SS-Führungshauptamt (SS Leadership Main Office) or SS-FHA.
• Hans Kammler- SS Construction projects and V-2 program
• Hans Ulrich Klintzsch - Second head of the SA, 1921-23
• Hans Lammers - Head of the Reich Chancellery.
• Hans Nieland - Lord Mayor of Dresden from 1940 until 1945.
• Hans-Adolf Prützmann - Superior SS and Police Leader, and an SS-Obergruppenführer.
• Hans Schemm
• Hans von Tschammer und Osten
• Heinrich Himmler - Reichsführer-SS. As head of the SS, Chief of the German Police and later the Minister of the Interior, he was one of the most powerful men in the Third Reich, and was also one of the main architects of the Holocaust.
• Heinrich Matthes - Deputy commandant of Treblinka death camp.
• Heinrich Müller - SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Polizei. Head of the Gestapo (Secret State Police) under Reinhard Heydrich as chief of the SiPo and later the RSHA.
• Heinrich Schwarz
• Heinz Auerswald - Commissioner for the Jewish residential district in Warsaw from April 1941 to November 1942.
• Hellmuth Becker - Head of SS Division Totenkopf.
• Helmut Bischoff - SS-Obersturmbannführer. Gestapo chief of Poznan and Magdeberg and later head of security for Nazi Germany's V-weapons program.
• Helmut Knochen - Senior commander of the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police) in Paris during the Nazi occupation of France.
• Helmuth von Pannwitz - Leader of the Cossack Cavalry Corps.
• Herbert Backe - Minister of Food (appointed 1942) and Minister of Agriculture (appointed 1943).
• Hermann Wirth
• Herta Bothe - Concentration camp guard at both Ravensbrück-Stutthof and Bergen-Belsen.
• Herta Oberheuser - Doctor at the Ravensbrück concentration camp from 1940 until 1943. Was the only female defendant in the Nuremberg Medical Trial.
• Hinrich Lohse - Gauleiter for Schleswig-Holstein and Reich Commissar for the Ostland.
• Hjalmar Schacht - Minister for economics and President of the Reichsbank
• Horst Böhme - Chief of the SiPo and SD in Bohemia and Moravia, and later in East Prussia.
• Horst Schumann - SS-Sturmbannführer (major) and medical doctor who conducted sterilization and castration experiments at Auschwitz.
• Horst Wagner - Head of Inland II, liaison between Joachim von Ribbentrop and Heinrich Himmler, co-organizer of the Feldscher Action.
• Horst Wessel - Sturmführer in the Berlin SA and author of the Horst-Wessel-Lied ("Die Fahne Hoch"), the Party anthem. Elevated to martyr status by Nazi propaganda after his 1930 murder by Communists, according to the Nazis, or by a rival pimp, according to their opponents.
• Ilse Koch - "The Bitch of Buchenwald." Wife of Karl Koch. Infamous for taking tattooed skin from murdered prisoners as souvenirs.
• Irma Grese - SS guard at the Nazi concentration camps of Ravensbrück and Auschwitz, and served as warden of the women's section of Bergen-Belsen. Known as "The Hyena of Auschwitz".
• Irmfried Eberl - Commandant of Treblinka, July to September 1942.
• Jakiw Palij
• Joachim Albrecht Eggeling - Nazi Gauleiter of Saxony and Anhalt and High President (Oberpräsident) of the Province of Halle-Merseburg.
• Joachim Peiper - Waffen--SS commander.
• Joachim von Ribbentrop - Foreign Minister of Nazi Germany from 1938 until 1945.
• Johanna Langefeld - Camp supervisor of Ravensbruck, Lichtenburg and Auschwitz Birkenau women's camps.
• Johannes Stark
• Josef Berchtold - Very early Party member, and the second Reichsführer-SS from 1926-27.
• Josef "Sepp" Dietrich - rose to the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer in the Schutzstaffel; was the original commander of Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH), and later commander of the 6th SS Panzer Army.
• Julius Lippert - Nazi activist and propaganda official.
• Julius Schreck - Co-founder of the SA, first commander of the SS. Later Hitler's personal chauffeur.
• Julius Streicher - founder and editor of anti-semitic Nazi newspaper Der Stürmer (1923-1945), Gauleiter of Franconia (1929-40).
• Jurgen Stroop - Schutzstaffelcommander in Gnesen and head of State Auxiliary police.
• Karl Brandt - Personal physician of Adolf Hitler in August 1944 and headed the administration of the Nazi euthanasia program from 1939.
• Karl Ernst - SA-Gruppenführer and leader of the SA in Berlin.
• Karl Fiehler - Lord Mayor of Munich from 1933 until 1945.
• Karl Hermann Frank - SS-Obergruppenführer and prominent Sudeten-German Nazi official in Czechoslovakia prior to and during World War II.
• Karl Fritzsch - Deputy commandant of Auschwitz Birkenau.
• Karl Gebhardt - Personal physician of Heinrich Himmler and one of the main perpetrators of surgical experiments performed on inmates of the concentration camps at Ravensbrück and Auschwitz.
• Karl Hanke - He served as Governor (Gauleiter) of Lower Silesia from 1941 to 1945 and as the final Reichsführer-SS (after Himmler was expelled by Hitler) for a few days in 1945.
• Karl Holz - Gauleiter of Gau Franconia.
• Karl Jäger - SS officer and Einsatzkommando leader and author of the "Jäger Report" detailing reports of mass murder in Lithuania between July and December 1941.
• Karl Otto Koch - Commandant of the Nazi concentration camp at Buchenwald (from 1937 to 1941), and later at Lublin (Majdanek camp).
• Karl Kaufmann - Founding member of the Nazi party and Gauleiter of Hamburg.
• Karl Koller - Chief of the General Staff of the Luftwaffe.
• Karl Strölin - Lord Mayor of Stuttgart (1933-1945) and Chairman of the 'Deutsches Ausland-Institut' (DAI).
• Karl Maria Wiligut
• Karl Wolff - SS-Obergruppenführer and General der Waffen-SS. He became Chief of Personal Staff to the Reichsführer-SS (Heinrich Himmler) and SS Liaison Officer to Hitler until his replacement in 1943. From 1943 to 1945, Wolff was the Supreme SS and Police Leader of the 'Italien' area. By 1945 Wolff was acting military commander of Italy, and in that capacity negotiated the surrender of all the forces in the Southwest Front.
• Klaus Barbie - Head of the Gestapo in Lyon. Nicknamed "the Butcher of Lyon" for his use of torture on prisoners.
• Konstantin von Neurath - Foreign Minister of Germany (1932-1938) and Reichsprotektor (Governor) of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (1939-1941).
• Leonardo Conti - Head of the Reich Physicians' Chamber (Reichsärztekammer) and leader of the National Socialist German Doctors' League (Nationalsozialistischer Deutscher Ärztebund or NSDÄB).
• Lothar Rendulic
• Lothar Witzke
• Ludolf von Alvensleben - commander of the SS and police in Crimea and commander of the Selbstschutz (self-defense) of the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia.
• Margot Dreschel - Head of the camp offices at Auschwitz Birkenau.
• Maria Mandel - Manageress of the Auschwitz Birkenau women's camp.
• Martin Bormann - Head of the Party Chancellery (Parteikanzlei) and private secretary to Adolf Hitler.
• Martin Heidegger - Eminent philosopher, NSDAP member supported Hitler in 1933.
• Martin Luther - advisor to Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop, and participant in the infamous Wannsee Conference.
• Martin Mutschmann - Gauleiter of Saxony.
• Max Amann - Head of Nazi publishing house Eher-Verlag
• Max Koegel - SS-Obersturmbannführer. Concentration camp commander at Majdanek and Flossenbürg.
• Max Scheubner-Richter - senior most Nazi killed during the Beer Hall Putsch, ideologue and mentor to Alfred Rosenberg.
• Max Winkler
• Max Wünsche - Regimental commander in the Waffen-SS and one-time adjutant to Hitler himself.
• Michael Lippert - Commander in the Schutzstaffel.
• Odilo Globocnik - SS-Obergruppenführer. He was a prominent Austrian Nazi and later an SS leader in Poland. Head of "Operation Reinhard" and one of the persons responsible for the murder of millions of people during the Holocaust.
• Oskar Dirlewanger - Commanded the infamous SS-Sturmbrigade Dirlewanger unit made out of amnestied Germans convicted of major crimes.
• Oswald Pohl - SS-Obergruppenführer. Organized and administrator of the concentration camps.
• Otto Bradfisch - Commander of the Security Police in Łódź and Potsdam.
• Otto Dietrich - Press Chief of the Third Reich.
• Otto Ohlendorf - SS-Gruppenführer and head of Inland-SD. The Inland-SD was a department of the RSHA and responsible for intelligence and security within Nazi Germany.
• Otto Ernst Remer - General of the Wehrmacht.
• Otto Steinbrinck
• Otto Strasser
• Otto von Bolschwing - Member of the Ausland-SD and deputy to Adolf Eichmann, played a major role in organizing the 1941 Bucharest pogrom.
• Otto Wagener, soldier and economist. Was successively Chief of Staff of the SA, head of the Party Economic Policy Section, and Reich Commissar for the Economy. Subsequently served at the front, reaching the rank of General-Major.
• Paul Blobel - SS commander and officer in the Einsatzgruppen primarily responsible for the Babi Yar massacre at Kiev.
• Paul Hausser - SS-Oberstgruppenführer und Generaloberst der Waffen-SS. First commander of the military SS-Verfügungstruppe that grew into the Waffen-SS, in which Hausser was a prominent field commander.
• Paul Ogorzow - Squadron leader in the Sturmabteilung.
• Paul Pleiger - State adviser and corporate general director.
• Paul Schmitthenner
• Philipp Bouhler - Chief of the Chancellery of the Führer of the NSDAP and leader of the Action T4 euthanasia program.
• Reinhard Heydrich - SS-Obergruppenführer and General der Polizei, chief of the RSHA or Reich Main Security Office (including the Gestapo, SD and Kripo police agencies) and Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor (Acting Reich-Protector) of Bohemia and Moravia. He was the "right-hand man" to Himmler, and considered a principal architect of the Night of the Long Knives and the Final Solution. Assassinated in 1942 by British-trained Czech commandos.
• Richard Baer - Commander of the Auschwitz Birkenau concentration camp from May 1944 to February 1945.
• Roland Freisler - State Secretary of Adolf Hitler's Reich Ministry of Justice and President of the Volksgerichtshof. He sentenced hundreds of people to their deaths, including Sophie Scholl, and various members of the July 20 Plot. He was killed while returning to collect some files during an air raid on Berlin.
• Theodor Eicke - SS-Obergruppenführer. He was a leading figure in the establishment of the concentration camps in Nazi Germany and later the commander of the 3rd Waffen-SS Division Totenkopf.
• Theodor Adrian von Renteln - General Commissioner of Generalbezirk Litauen.
• Therese Brandl - Assistant manageress of the Auschwitz Birkenau women's camp.
• Viktor Brack - Organiser of the Euthanasia Programme Action T4 and one of the men responsible for the gassing of Jews in the extermination camps.
• Viktor Lutze - SA officer and important participant in the Night of the Long Knives. He succeeded Ernst Röhm as Stabschef (Commander of the SA).
• Waldemar Hoven - SS-Hauptsturmführer and doctor at Buchenwald concentration camp responsible for medical experiments involving injecting camp inmates with Phenol.
• Walther Funk - Minister for Economic Affairs from 1937 to 1945.
• Walther Hewel - Diplomat and personal friend of Hitler.
• Walther Schellenberg - SS-Brigadeführer who rose through the SS as Heydrich's deputy. In March 1942, he became Chief of Amt VI, Ausland-SD, foreign intelligence branch of the SD (which, by then, was a department of the RSHA). Later, following the abolition of the Abwehr in 1944, he became head of all foreign intelligence.
• Walther von Brauchitsch - Generalfeldmarschall, Commander-in-Chief of the German Army 1938-1941.
• Walther von Reichenau - Generalfeldmarschall and committed Nazi; he joined the Party in 1932 in violation of regulations and was one of the few ardent National Socialists among the Army's senior officers.
• Walter Blume - SS-Standartenführer (colonel) and leader of Sonderkommando 7a, part of the extermination commando group Einsatzgruppe B
• Walter Buch - Jurist and supreme magistrate of the Nazi party.
• Walter Groß - He was chief of the Racial Policy Office of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Implicated in the Final Solution.
• Walter Rauff - Commander of the gas van SS regiment.
• Walter Reder
• Walter Stennes - the Berlin commandant of the Sturmabteilung (SA), who in the summer of 1930 and again in the spring of 1931 led a revolt against the NSDAP in Berlin as these SA members saw their organization as a revolutionary group, the vanguard of a socialist order that would overthrow the hated Republic. Both revolts were put down and Stennes was expelled from the Nazi Party. He left Germany in 1933 and worked as a military adviser to Chiang Kai-shek.
• Werner Best - SS-Obergruppenführer and Civilian administrator of Nazi occupied France and Denmark.
• Werner Catel - Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry at the University of Leipzig, considered an expert on the programme of euthanasia for children and participated in the T-4 Program.
• Werner Heyde - Psychiatrist and one of the main organizers of the T-4 Euthanasia Program.
• Werner Lorenz - Waffen-SS general and a leader of the Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle, an organization charged with settling ethnic Germans in the Reich from other parts of Europe.
• Werner von Fritsch - Generaloberst, Commander-in-Chief of the Army 1935-1938. Forced out in the Blomberg-Fritsch Affair.
• Werner von Blomberg - Generalfeldmarschall, Defence Minister 1933-1935, Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces 1935-1938. Forced out in the Blomberg-Fritsch Affair.
• Wilhelm Schepmann
• Willy Messerschmitt - Aeronautical engineer and head of the Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW, later Messerschmitt AG); designer of several famous aircraft including the Bf.109.
• Wolfram Sievers - General Secretary of the Ahnenerbe
  
• Friedrich Buchardt - Head of an SS death squad and inventor of the scale designed to measure racial purity.
• Josef Bühler - State secretary for the Nazi-controlled General Government in Kraków during World War II.
• Josef Bürckel - Politician and leading member of the Schutzstaffel from November 1937.
• Kurt Daluege - SS-Oberstgruppenführer and Generaloberst der Polizei as chief of the Ordnungspolizei (Order/uniformed Police); from 1942 ruled the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia as Acting Protector after Reinhard Heydrich's assassination.
• Richard Walther Darré - Minister of Food and Agriculture from 1933 to 1942.
• Rudolf Diels - was a German politician. A protégé of Hermann Göring, Diels was the first director of the Gestapo from 26 April 1933 to 1 April 1934.
• Richard Drauz - Kreisleiter of Heilbronn.
• Hermann Esser - Propagandist and editor of Nazi newspaper Völkischer Beobachter.
• Richard Euringer - Writer who selected 18,000 "unsuitable" books which did not conform to Nazi ideology and were publicly burned.
• Hermann Fegelein - Gruppenführer in the Waffen-SS.
• Siegfried Fehmer - Chief administrator of the Politische Abteilung in Norway.
• Ludwig Fischer - Governor of Warsaw
• Kurt Franz - Head of Treblinka death camp until 1943.
• Wilhelm Frick - Minister of the Interior until August 1943 and later appointed to the ceremonial post of Protector of Bohemia and Moravia.
• Kurt Gerstein - SS officer and member of the Institute for Hygiene of the Waffen-SS. He witnessed mass murders in the Nazi extermination camps. He gave information to the Swedish diplomat Göran von Otter as well as members of the Roman Catholic Church in order to inform the international public about the Holocaust. In 1945 he authored the Gerstein Report about the Holocaust. Afterward he allegedly committed suicide while in French custody.
• Herbert Otto Gille - SS-Obergruppenfuhrer und General der Waffen-SS. As a winner of the Knight's Cross with Oakleaves, Swords and Diamonds and the German Cross in Gold, he became the most highly decorated member of the Waffen SS during World War II.
• Richard Glücks - SS officer and inspector of concentration camps.
• Hermann Göring - He was Hitler's designated successor (until expelled from office in April 1945), and commander of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force). As Reichsmarschall he was the highest-ranking military officer in the Third Reich; he was also the sole holder of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross. He was sentenced to death by the Nuremberg Tribunal but committed suicide before he could be hanged. He was a veteran of the First World War as an ace fighter pilot, a participant in the Beer Hall Putsch, and the founder of the Gestapo.
• Robert Ritter von Greim - German Field Marshal, pilot and the last commander of the Luftwaffe succeeding Hermann Göring in the last days of World War II.
• Kurt Gruber - First chairman of the Hitler Youth (1926-1931).
• Hans Friedrich Karl Günther - Academic teaching racial theories and eugenics.
• Fritz Hartjenstein - SS-Obersturmbannführer. Concentration camp commandant at Auschwitz Birkenau, Natzweiler and Flossenbürg.
• Rudolf Hess (not to be confused with Rudolf Höß) - Deputy Führer to Hitler until his flight to Scotland on the eve of war with the Soviet Union in 1941.
• Konstantin Hierl - Head of the Reichsarbeitsdienst and an associate of Adolf Hitler before he came to power.
• Erich Hilgenfeldt - Head of the Nazi's Office For People's Welfare.
• Rudolf Höß (not to be confused with Rudolf Hess) - SS-Obersturmbannführer. Commandant of Auschwitz concentration camp.
• Kurt Jahnke - Spy and head of the Jahnke Büro.
• Friedrich Jeckeln - Leader of one of the largest collection of Einsatzgruppen death squads and personally responsible for ordering the deaths of over 100,000 Jews, Slavs, Roma, and other "undesirables."
• Rudolf Jung - An instrumental force and agitator of German-Czech National Socialism and, later on, a member of the German Nazi Party.
• Hermann Höfle - Deputy to Odilo Globocnik in the Aktion Reinhard program. Played a key role in the "Harvest Festival" massacre of Jewish inmates of the various labour camps in the Lublin district in early November 1943.
• Herbert Kappler - Head of German police and security services in Rome.
• Herbert Ritter von Karajan - prominent Austrian-born musical conductor and DNSAP/NSDAP member. He conducted the Berlin Philharmonic orchestra for 35 years. He is the top-selling classical music recording artist of all time, having sold an estimated 200 million records.
• Siegfried Kasche - German Plenipotentiary to their ally the Independent State of Croatia.
• Emil Kaschub - Doctor who conducted experiments on Nazi concentration camp prisoners.
• Wilhelm Keitel - Field marshal (Generalfeldmarschall). Head of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (High Command of the Armed Forces) during World War II.
• Matthias Kleinheisterkamp
• Fritz Knöchlein - Squadron leader in the Schutzstaffel.
• Erich Koch - Gauleiter of the NSDAP in East Prussia from 1928 until 1945, and Reichskomissar in Ukraine from 1941 until 1944.
• Josef Kramer - Commandant of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
• Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach - Ran the Friedrich Krupp AG heavy industry conglomerate from 1909 until 1941 and financier of the Nazi party. Succeeded by his son Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach
• Heinz Lammerding - Brigadier-colonel responsible for various reprisals.
• Herbert Lange - SS-Sturmbannführer and commandant of Chełmno extermination camp, where he was implicated in thousands of gassings. Also led the execution of 1,558 mental patients at the Soldau concentration camp.
• Rudolf Lange - SS-Standartenführer who served as commander in the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) and all RSHA personnel in Riga, Latvia.
• Robert Ley - Head of the German Labour Front from 1933 to 1945.
• Arthur Liebehenschel - Commandant of Auschwitz and Majdanek death camps during World War II.
• Wilhelm Loeper - Gauleiter in the Gau of Magdeburg-Anhalt.
• Erich Ludendorff - General in the Imperial German Army and a veteran of World War I. He was a key player in the Beer Hall Putch of 1923 was considered an early leading member of the Nazi Party.
• Erich von Manstein - Field Marshall of the Wehrmacht.
• Emil Maurice - Personal friend of Hitler, first head of the SA and one of the founding members of the SS.
• Josef Meisinger - Head of the Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion, commander of the Warsaw State Police and Gestapo liaison to the German embassy in Tokyo.
• Josef Mengele - SS-Hauptsturmführer and physician at the concentration camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Known for his experiments on the inmates at the camp.
• Kurt Meyer - SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Waffen-SS noted for his command of 1st SS Reconnaissance Battalion (LSSAH) and later the division commander of 12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend.
• Hermann Michel - Doctor at the concentration camp Sobibor
• Erhard Milch – Generalfeldmarschall; Inspector-General of the Luftwaffe, responsible for aircraft production.
• Leopold von Mildenstein - Pro-Zionism expert in the headquarters of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) under Reinhard Heydrich until 1936, when the planned mass immigration of Jews to Palestine fell out of favour. Mildenstein convinced Adolf Eichmann to transfer to his SS department which handled "Jewish Affairs".
• Wilhelm Mohnke - SS-Brigadeführer und Generalmajor der Waffen-SS. He was one of the original 120 members of the SS-Staff Guard (Stabswache) "Berlin" formed in March 1933. Mohnke rose to become the commander of the 1st SS Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH) and later in April 1945, was appointed by Hitler as commander of the Berlin government district, nicknamed Die Zitadelle (The Citadel), including the Reich Chancellery, Führerbunker and Reichstag.
• Hermann Muhs - Minister responsible for church and religious affairs.
• Werner von Gilsa - Infantry General.
• Wilhelm Murr - Gauleiter of Württemberg, SS-Obergruppenführer and Reich Defense Commissar of Defense District V.
• Alfred Naujoks - SS-Sturmbannführer and leader of the attack on the Gleiwitz radio station on the eve of World War II.
• Arthur Nebe - SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Polizei. Berlin Police Commissioner in the 1920s and an early member of both the Sturmabteilung (SA) and the Schutzstaffel (SS), as well as President of Interpol (from June 1942-43). Nebe was appointed head of the Kriminalpolizei (Criminal Police) or Kripo under Heydrich as chief of the SiPo and later the RSHA. Executed in 1944 for alleged involvement in the 20 July Plot.
• Friedrich Paulus - Field Marshall who commanded the 6th Army during the Battle of Stalingrad. He later defected to the Soviet Union.
• Erich Priebke - Participant in the Ardeatine massacre in Rome on March 24, 1944.
• Rudolf Querner - Police Leader in Germany and Austria.
• Erich Raeder — Großadmiral, Commander-in-Chief of the Navy (Kriegsmarine) 1936-1943.
• Friedrich Rainer
• Fritz-Georg von Rappard - Commander of 7th Infantry Division.
• Sigmund Rascher - Nazi doctor stationed at the Dachau Concentration Camp
• Hermann Rauschning - Nazi leader in Danzig
• Wilhelm Rediess
• Fritz Reinhardt
• Erwin Rommel - Generalfeldmarschall known as "The Desert Fox", Rommel was a highly respected military tactician who led the famous Afrika Korps. He was later linked to the 20 July Plot to assassinate Hitler, and forced to commit suicide.
• Alfred Rosenberg - Nazi "philosopher" and Reich Minister for the Eastern Territories, tried at Nuremberg and executed on 16 October 1946.
• Erwin Rösener - SS-Obergruppenführer, Higher SS and Police Leader, Commander SS Upper Division Alpenland (1941 - 1945)
• Bernhard Rust
• Alfred Saalwächter - Commander of Marine-Gruppenkommando West.
• Fritz Sauckel - Gauleiter of Thuringia, General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment (1942-45)
• Gustav Adolf Scheel
• Kurt Schmitt
• Ferdinand Schörner - General of the Wehrmacht. Briefly served as Commander-in-chief of the Germany Army in 1945 after Hitler's death.
• Siegfried Seidl
• Arthur Seyss-Inquart - Austrian Nazi; upon being appointed Chancellor in 1938 he invited in German troops resulting in his country's annexation. Later deputy to Hans Frank in the General Government of occupied Poland (1939-40), and Reichskommissar of the Netherlands (1940-44). Convicted of war crimes and hanged by the Nuremberg Tribunal.
• Gustav Simon
• Gregor Strasser - Gauleiter of Munich and Bayreuth, head of propaganda until 1929.
• Wilhelm Stuckart
• Kurt Student - Commander of the Fallschirmjäger.
• Otto von Stülpnagel
• Friedrich Syrup
• Günther Tamaschke - SS-Standartenführer and commandant of the Lichtenburg and Ravensbrück concentration camps.
• Josef Terboven
• Otto Georg Thierack - Minister of Justice for the Third Reich.
• Otto Thorbeck - SS judge
• Fritz Todt - civil engineer, Director of the Head Office for Engineering, General Commissioner for the Regulation of the Construction Industry, and founder and head of Organisation Todt. He died in a plane crash in February, 1942. He was (posthumously) the first recipient of the German Order.
• Josef Wagner
• Robert Heinrich Wagner
• Wilhelm Weiß